Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Physics -112 Lab Assignment: 02

 Resources:
Link for online lab:

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-an
d-fields_all.html

List and link for the graph-plotting softwares:

● Desmos (Online): Desmos | Let's learn together.

● Graph (Offline): Download | Graph (padowan.dk)

Tutorials:
● Tutorial link for plotting in Desmos :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lIUNWVKnUY

● Tutorials link for the Graph :

How to install graph software:

https://youtu.be/e19JqLJMx3A

How to draw a curve using graph software:

https://youtu.be/QBkdzU_8vVo

How to calculate the slope of a line using graph software:

https://youtu.be/z4cMiUFu5j8
Objective:

In these activities you will use the Simulation: Charges and Fields to develop
your understanding of the relationship between electric fields and electric
potential.

Theoretical Background:
The Electric field is a vector quantity that exists at every point in space. The
electric field at a location indicates the force that would act on a unit positive
test charge if placed at that location.
The electric field is related to the electric force that acts on an arbitrary charge
‍by,
‍ 𝐸 = 𝐹/𝑞

The dimension of the electric field is newtons/coulomb.

Electric potential energy is the energy that is needed to move a charge

against an electric field. You need more energy to move a charge further in the
electric field, but also more energy to move it through a stronger electric field.
Mathematically we can say that,

E = W/Q

The dimension of the electric potential is joules/coulomb.

Activity 1:
Go to the following link :
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-an
d-fields_all.html

1. From the box at the bottom of the screen, drag a red +1 nC charge into
the middle of the screen.

2. If not already selected: Select ‘Electric Field’. How does the brightness of
the arrow relate to the strength of the field? What happens when you
check/uncheck ‘Direction only’? Which way do the arrows point for a
positive charge?

The brightness of the arrows near the point charge indicates the intensity. The
nearer to the charge, the stronger the Electric Field to be experienced. In distant
cases, the intensity gets reduced.

While the “Direction only” is unchecked, it only shows the intensity of the
electric field created by the point charge. When it is checked, the electric field
lines are visible and pointing which directions the field is spread out.

For a positive charge, the arrows point outwards from the charge.

3. Drag the red +1 nC charge back into the box at the bottom, and then drag
a blue –1 nC charge onto the screen. Which way do the electric field
arrows point for a negative charge?

For a negative charge, the electric field arrows point inwards to the charge.

4. Click on the yellow Sensor at the bottom and drag it across the electric
field. What information do the Sensors show?

When negative charge: The yellow sensor shows a strong attraction towards the
negative charge.

When positive charge: The yellow sensor shows a strong repulsion from the
positive charge.
 5. What happens to the electric field as you move further from the charges?

Moving further from the charges, their field intensity reduces. The influence of
the charges on the test charge reduces.

6. Take the Voltage meter (labeled ‘0.0 V’). What information does the
voltmeter give? What information is given when you click on the pencil
(you should have a green circle)? What does the green circle represent?
(If you’re not sure, move on and come back to this later.)

When positive charge: The voltage meter shows a fractional positive number
and it increases when it is brought closer to the positive charge.

When negative charge: The voltage meter shows a fractional negative number
and it decreases when it is brought closer to the negative charge.

Activity 2:

1. Stack six +1 nC charges on top of each other somewhere on the left side
of the screen. (It can go anywhere, but there needs to be enough space to
measure 8 m away.)

2. From the box at the bottom, drag a Sensor and place it 1 m to the right
of your charge. This sensor measures the E field at the location of its
placing. In the table, record the E field magnitude at a distance r of 1
m. Ignore the degrees. (Check / Uncheck Values as need be)

3. Drag the Sensor to the other distances shown in the table, then record
the E field measurements.

Distance, r (m) Electric Field, E (V/m)

1 37.6

2 11.4

3 5.36
 4 3.11

5 2.02

6 1.41

7 1.05

8 0.80

4. Drag your Sensor back and replace it in the box at the bottom of the
screen.

5. Using the voltmeter, record the potential V by drawing a green circle

on the screen at each distance. Fill in the table on the next page.
Include a screenshot with all of the green circles at the end of this
document.

Distance, r (m) Voltage, V (V)

1 43.30

2 24.41

3 16.87

4 12.87

5 10.41

6 8.73

7 7.52

8 6.60
6. Write the equation for the electric field at any distance r from a point
charge q:

E = (kq)/r*r

(k is the Coulombs’ constant)

7. Write the equation for the potential at any distance r from a point
charge q:

V = (kq)/r

8. Using the previous table(s), make a graph of electric field E and

distance r to determine Coulomb’s constant k using the appropriate
trendline.

(Hint: there are 2 ways to do this. Either make a graph and then create
the appropriate trendline, or figure out how to make the graph into a
straight line and then use a linear trendline. Once you have a trendline,
compare the equation written above to the equation of the trendline to
find k)

9. Insert the graph below and write down the k value that you found.
Compare this value to the known value found on the equation sheet or
in class slides using percent error or percent difference (whichever is
most appropriate)?

Determined value of k from the given data is 3.97 * 10 ^ 10 Nm^2/C^2

Percentage error = ((k_determined - k_usual)/k_usual) * 100%

= 3.42
10. Using the previous table(s), make a graph of voltage V and distance r
to determine the constant k again using the appropriate trendline.

(The same hint as above applies, but the work will be slightly different
because the equation is different.)

11. Insert the graph below and write down the k value that you found.
Compare this value to the known value using percent error/difference?

Determined value of k from the given data is 50.51 * 10^9 Nm^2/C^2

Percentage error = ((k_determined - k_usual)/k_usual) * 100%

= 4.62