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22 views3 pages

Elements

Uploaded by

Melva Guerra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Key Notes

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

There are over 150 types of atom. A substance which contains just one type of atom is known as
an element. An element is made up of one type of atom

An atom is the smallest part of an element you can get - elements consist of just one type of atom
(but there are countless numbers of atoms, not just one)!

Each element has its own symbol

The atoms of different elements can join together in chemical reactions, forming compounds

The properties of compounds are usually very different from the properties of the elements they
contain

A compound is two or more elements which are chemically bound together.

A mixture is made from different substances which are not chemically bound.

Element Element Compound Mixture Mixture


The Periodic Table

Every element has its own chemical symbol. It is usually one or two letters long (but can
sometimes be three). Every symbol begins with a capital. The second and third letters are lower
case

Sometimes the symbols are really obvious: O = oxygen; Li = lithium; Mg = magnesium

However sometimes it is not easy to tell what the symbol stands for (because the symbol come
from a name that is not an English word) e.g. W stands for tungsten (from the word wolfram);
Na for sodium (from natrium).

The chemical symbols are used all over the world, not matter what language people speak.

All the different elements are arranged in a chart - the periodic table

The elements are arranged so similar elements are found in the vertical columns, called groups.
The horizontal rows are called periods

The metals are on the left, the non-metals on the right

Each element has its name and symbol, e.g. oxygen (O), but it also has a number - e.g. Oxygen =
8

This number is the atomic number - it tells you what element is what - e.g. oxygen always has an
atomic number of 8, magnesium always has an atomic number of 12

You’ll see in the table that this number gets bigger as you go along it
Common Terms & Their Definition
Compound - A substance made from the atoms of two or more different
elements joined together
Atom - The smallest part of a chemical compound and the smallest part
of an element that can exist in nature
Element - A substance that can’t be split into anything simpler by
chemical reactions
Particle - A very small piece of matter that everything is made of
Mixture - A substance in which two or more substances are mixed but
not joined together
Symbol - A shorthand way of writing the names of elements
Bond - A link between atoms in molecules
Molecule - The smallest particle of an element

Elements:
 A pure substance containing only one kind of atoms.
 An element is always uniform all the way through (homogeneous).
 An element cannot be separated into simpler materials (except during nuclear
reactions).
 Over 100 existing elements [118] are listed and classified on the periodic table.
 A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different
elements that are chemically bound together. Note that the two nitrogen atoms
which comprise a nitrogen molecule move as a unit.

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