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Hints and Solution Fundamental of Mathematids

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Hints and Solution Fundamental of Mathematids

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Fundamentals of Mathematics

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.


 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Representation of sets, Types of sets, subset and power set
[k.M (A) : leqPp;ksa dk fu:i.k] leqPp;ksa ds izdkj] mileqPp; rFkk ?kkr leqPp;
A-1. Which of the following collections is not a set ?
(i) The collection of natural numbers between 2 and 20
(ii) The collectihon of numbers which satisfy the equation x2 –5x + 6 = 0
(iii) The collection of prime numbers between 1 and 100.
(iv) The collection of all intelligent women in Jalandhar.
fuEu esa ls dkSulk laxzg leqPp; ugha gS?
(i) 2 vkSj 20 ds e/; izkd`r la[;kvksa dk laxzg (ii) lehdj.k x2 –5x + 6 = 0 dks larq"V djus okyh la[;kvksa dk laxzg
(iii) 1 vkSj 100 ds e/; vHkkT; la[;kvksa dk laxzg (iv) tky/kaj esa lHkh lqUnj efgykvksa dk laxzg
aAns. (iv)
Sol. Collection of all beautiful women in Jalandhar is not a set as it is not a well defined collection. It is not
possible to decide logically which woman is to be included in the collection and which is not to be
included.
tky/kaj esa lHkh lqUnj efgykvksa dk laxzg leqPp; ugha D;ksafd ;g lqifjHkkf"kr laxzg ugha gSA ;g rkfdZd :i ls
fuf'pr djuk laHko ugha gS fd efgyk,sa laxzg esa 'kkfey gS ;k ugha gS

A-2. Write the set A = {x : x is a positive prime < 10} in the tabular form
leqPp; A = {x : x ,d /kukRed vHkkT; la[;k < 10} dk lkj.kh :i gS &
Ans. {2,3,5,7}
Sol. 2,3,5 and 7 are the only positive primes less than 10.
2,3,5 vkSj 7,dsoy /kukRed vHkkT; la[;k,sa 10 ls NksVh gS

A-3. Which of the following is the empty / non-empty set


(i) {x : x is a real number and x2 – 1 = 0} (ii) {x : x is a real number and x2 + 1 = 0}
(iii) {x : x is a real number and x – 9 = 0}
2
(iv) {x : x is a real number and x2 = x + 2}
fuEu esa ls dkSulk fjDr leqPp; gS&
(i) {x : x ,d okLrfod la[;k gS rFkk x2 – 1 = 0} (ii) {x : x ,d okLrfod la[;k gS rFkk x2 + 1 = 0}
(iii) {x : x ,d okLrfod la[;k gS rFkk x2 – 9 = 0} (iv) {x : x ,d okLrfod la[;k gS rFkk x2 = x + 2}
Ans. (i) non-empty vfjDr (ii) empty fjDr
(iii) non-empty vfjDr (iv) non-empty vfjDr
Sol. (i) x2 – 1 = 0 x=±1
(ii) x2 + 1 = 0 x=±i x 
(iii) x2 – 9 = 0 x=±3 (iv) x2 – x – 2 = 0, x = 2, –1

A-4. Which of the folowing sets is an finite / infinite set ?


fuEu esa ls dkSulk leqPp; ifjfer@vifjfer leqPp; gS \
(i) Set of divisors of 24 ¼ 24 ds Hkktdksa dk leqPp;½
(ii) Set of all real number which lie between 1 and 2 (1 ls 2 ds e/; lHkh okLrfod la[;kvksa dk leqPp;½
(iii) Set of all humman beings living in India. ¼Hkkjr esa jgus okys lHkh euq";ksa dk leqPp;½
(iv) Set of all three digit natural numbers ¼rhu vad dh lHkh izkd`r la[;kvksa dk leqPp;½
Ans. (i) Finite ifjfer (ii) Infinite vifjfer (iii) Finite ifjfer (iv) Finite ifjfer
Sol. Between any two real numbers there lie infinitely many real numbers.
nks okLrfod la[;kvksa ds e/; vUur okLrfod la[;k,sa gksrh gSA
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A-5. If A = {x : –3 < x < 3, x  Z} then find the number of subsets of A.


;fn leqPp; A = {x : –3 < x < 3, x  Z} rc A ds mileqPp;ksa dh la[;k gksxh &
Ans. 32
Sol. A = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
No. of subsets = 2n = 25 = 32
Hindi. mileqPp;ksa dh la[;k = 2n = 25 = 32

A-6. Find Power set of the set A = {, {}}.


leqPp; A = {, {}} dk ?kkr leqPp; gSµ
Ans. P(A) = {, {}, {{}}, {, {}}} = {, {}, {{}}, A}
Sol. P(A) = {, {}, {{}}, {, {}}} = {, {}, {{}}, A}

Section (B) : Operations on sets, Law of Algebra of sets


[k.M (B) : leqPp;ksa dh lafØ;k;sa] chtxf.kr ds fu;e
B-1. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum number of elements in
A B ?
leqPp; A rFkk B esa vo;oksa dh la[;k Øe'k% 3 rFkk 6 gks] rc AB esa de ls de fdrus vo;o gks ldrs gS &
Ans. 6
Sol.

n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB)  minimum value of n(AB)


=3+6–3 =6

Hindi.
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB)
 n(AB) dk U;wure eku = 3 + 6 – 3 = 6

B-2. Given the sets A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, then find A  (B  C).
;fn A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, gks rc A  (B  C) gS&
Ans {1, 2, 3, 4}
Sol. A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {3, 4}
C = {4, 5, 6}
BC = { 4 }
A  (B  C) = {1, 2, 3, 4}

B-3. Let A = {x : x  R, –1 < x < 1} , B = {x : x  R, x  0 or x  2} and A B = R – D, then find set D


ekuk A = {x : x  R, –1 < x < 1}, B = {x : x  R, x  0 ;k x  2} rFkk A B = R – D, rc leqPp; D gS&
Ans {x : 1  x < 2}
(3) {x : 1  x  2}

(4) {x : 1 < x < 2}

Sol. A = [x : x  R, – 1 < x < 1]


B = [x : x  R : x  0 or x  2]
 A  B = R – D, where D = [x : x  R, 1  x < 2]
Hindi. A = [x : x  R, – 1 < x < 1]
B = [x : x  R : x  0 ;k x  2]  A  B = R – D, tgk¡ D = [x : x  R, 1  x < 2]

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B-4. Find the smallest set A such that A  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9}


leqPp; A bl izdkj gS fd A  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9} rks U;wure leqPp; A gS&
Ans. {3, 5, 9}
Sol. Obvious Li"Vr;k

B-5. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then find (A  B)  (A  C).
;fn A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} rc (A  B)  (A  C) cjkcj gS&
Ans {3, 4, 10}
Sol. A  B = {3, 4, 10}
A  C = {4}
(A  B)  (A  C)= {3, 4, 10}

B-6. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {6, 7}, then show that A  Bis same as set A.
ekuk U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {6, 7}, rc n'kkZb;s fd A  B, Ads leku gS&
Sol. B’ = U – B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10}
A B' = {1,2,5} = A

B-7. If A = {x : x = 4n + 1, n  5, n  N} and B {3n : n  8, n  N}, then find (A – (A – B)).


;fn A = {x : x = 4n + 1, n  5, n  N} rFkk B {3n : n  8, n  N}, rc A – (A – B) cjkcj gS :
Ans {9, 21}
Sol. A = {5, 9, 13, 17, 21} and rFkk B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24}
A – B = {5, 13, 17}
A – (A – B) = {9, 21}

B-8. If aN = {ax : x  N} and bN  cN = dN, where b, c  N, b  2, c  2 are relatively prime, then find
relation between d,b and c.
;fn aN = {ax : x  N} vkSj bN  cN = dN, tgk¡ b, c  N, b  2, c  2 lg vHkkT; gS] rc d, b vkSj c ds e/;
lEcU/k gS ?
Ans d = bc
Sol. bN  . cN
(+ve integral multiple of b)  (+ve integral multiple of c)
since b & c are relatively primes :
=bcN   d = bc
Hindi. bN  . cN
(b dk /kukRed iw.kkZad xq.kt)  (c dk /kukRed iw.kkZad xq.kt)
pwafd b vkSj c lg vHkkT; la[;k,sa gSaA
=bcN   d = bc
Section (C) : Cardinal number Problems

C-1. Let n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A  B) = 100, then find n(A'  B')
ekuk n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 rFkk n(A  B) = 100, rc n(A'  B') =
Ans. 300
Sol. n (Ac  Bc) = n[({A  B)c] = n(U) – n (A  B)
= n(U) – [n(A) + n(B) – n (A  B)] = 700 – [200 + 300 – 100] = 300.

C-2. In a group of 1000 people, there are 750 people, who can speak Hindi and 400 people, who can speak
Bengali.
1000 O;fDr;ksa ds lewg esa ls 750 O;fDr fgUnh vkSj 400 O;fDr caxkyh cksy ldrs gSaA

(i) Find number of people who can speak Hindi only.


dsoy fgUnh cksyus okys O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k gS&

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(ii) Number of people who can speak Bengali only is


dsoy caxkyh cksyus okys O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k gS&
(iii) Number of people who can speak both Hindi and Bengali is
fgUnh vkSj caxkyh nksuksa Hkk"kk,a cksyus okys O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans (i) 600 (ii) 250 (iii) 150

Sol.

n(H  B) = n(H) + n(B) – n(H  B)


1000 = 750 + 400 – n(H  B) = 150
Now n(only hindi) = n(H) – n(H  B) = 750 – 150 = 600
n(only bengali) = n(B) – n(H  B)
400 – 150 = 250
Hindi.

n(H  B) = n(H) + n(B) – n(H  B)


1000 = 750 + 400 – n(H  B) = 150
vc n(dsoy fgUnh) = n(H) – n(H  B) = 750 – 150 = 600
n(dsoy caxkyh) = n(B) – n(H  B)
400 – 150 = 250

C-3. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students obtaining one or more
subjects : Mathematics 100, Physics 70, Chemistry 40, Mathematics and Physics 30, Mathematics and
Chemistry 28, Physics and Chemistry 23, Mathematics & Physics & Chemistry 18. How many students
have offered Mathematics alone ?
,d d{kk esa 175 fo|kFkhZ gSaA fuEu vk¡dM+s ;g iznf'kZRk djrsa gSa fd fdrus fo|kFkhZ ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd fo"k; dk
p;u djrs gS % xf.kr 100, HkkSfrdh 70, jlk;u 40, xf.kr vkSj HkkSfrd 30, xf.kr vkSj jlk;u 28, HkkSfrd vkSj
jlk;u 23, xf.kr vkSj HkkSfrd vkSj jlk;u 18, rc fdrus fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikl dsoy xf.kr fo"k; gS&
Ans. 60

Sol.
n (M) = 100
n(P) = 70
n (C) = 40
n (M  P) = 30
n (M  P) = 28
n (P  C) = 23
n (M  P C) = 18

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Hindi.

n (M) = 100
n(P) = 70
n (C) = 40
n (M  P) = 30
n (M  P) = 28
n (P  C) = 23
n (M  P C) = 18

C-4. 31 candidates appeared for an examination, 15 candidates passed in English, 15 candidates passed in
Hindi, 20 candidates passed in Sanskrit. 3 candidates passed only in English. 4. candidates passed
only in Hindi, 7 candidates passed only in Sanskrit. 2 candidates passed in all the three subjects How
many candidates passed only in two subjects ?
,d ijh{kk esa 31 fo|kFkhZ cSBrs gS ftuesa 15 fo|kFkhZ vaxzsth es]a 15 fo|kFkhZ fgUnh esa] 20 fo|kFkhZ laLd`r esa] 3 fo|kFkhZ
dsoy vaxzsth esa ikl gksrs gS] 4 fo|kFkhZ dsoy fgUnh esa ikl gksrs gS] 7 fo|kFkhZ dsoy laLd`r esa ikl gksrs gS vkSj 2
fo|kFkhZ lHkh rhu fo"k; esa ikl gks tkrs gS rc dsoy nks fo"k; fdrus fo|kFkhZ ikl gksrs gS \
Ans. 15

Sol. x+ y = 10 ; x+z=9 ; y + z = 11  x + y + z = 15
x = 4, y = 6, z = 5

C-5. In a survery, it was found that 21 persons liked product A, 26 liked product B and 29 liked product C. If
14 persons liked products A and B, 12 liked products C and A, 13 persons liked products B and C and
8 liked all the three products then
(i) Find the number of persons who liked the product C only
(ii) The number of persons who like the products A and B but not C
Ans (i) 12 (ii) 6
,d losZ ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd 21 O;fDr mRikn A dks, 26 O;fDr mRikn B dks vkSj 29 O;fDr mRikn C dks ialn
djrs gSA ;fn 14 O;fDr mRikn A vkSj B dks ialn djrs gS] 12 O;fDr mRikn C vkSj A dks ialn djrs gS] 13 O;fDr
mRikn B vkSj C dks] 8 O;fDr lHkh rhuksa mRiknksa dks ialn djrs gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS \
(i) O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k tks dsoy mRikn C ialn djrs gS
(ii) O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k tks mRikn A vkSj B dks ialn djrs gS ijUrq C dks ugha
Ans (i) 12 (ii) 6

Sol. n(A) = 21, n(B) = 26, n(C) = 29


n(A B) = 14, n(A C) = 12, m(B C) = 13, n(A B  C) = 8
n(C A'  B') = n(C  A  B ) = n(C) – n ((C  A)  (C  B))
n(C) – [n(C  A) + n (C  B) – n(A B  C)]
29 – [12 + 13 – 8] = 12
n (A  B  C') = n (A  B) – n(A B  C) = 14 – 8 = 6

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Section (D) : Rational Inequalities


[k.M (D) : ifjes; vlfedk,sa
D-1. Solve the following rational in equalities
ifjes; vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft, &
(x – 1)(x  2) (1– x)3 (x  2)4
(i) <0 (ii) 0
(x – 3)(x  3) (x  9)2 (x – 8)
x2  4 x  4 (2  x2 )( x  3)3
(iii) 0 (iv) 0
2
2x  x  1 ( x  1)( x2  3 x  4)

( x  2)( x2  2x  1)
(v) 0
4  3 x  x2
Ans. (i) (–3,–2)  (1,3)
(ii) {–2}  [1, 8)
(iii) (–, –2)(–2, –1/2)(1, )
(iv) [ 2, 1)  1, 2  3, 4
(v) (– , – 2]  (–1, 4)

Sol.
+ – + – +
(i)
–3 –2 1 3

 x  (–3,–2)  (1,3)

ND ND
– – 0 –0 + –
(ii)
–9 –2 1 8

x  {–2}  [1,8)
(x  2)2
(iii) 0
(2x  1)(x  1)
(x – 2)(x  2)(x  3)3
(iv) 0
(x  1)2 (x  4)

(x  2)(x  1)2
(v) 0 
(x  1)(x  4)

D-2. Solve the following Inequalities


fuEu vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,A
14x 9x  30 (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) 2
(i) 7x  5
4 
(ii) (iii)  1 (iv) x 2  2  2
8x  3 x 1 x4 (x  1)(x  2)(x  3) x 1
Ans. (i)(–17/25, –3/8) ( ii) x  (–6, –1)  (1, 4) (iii) (–3,–2)  (–1,) (iv) x  (–1,0)  (0,1)
7x  5
Sol. (i) 4 0
8x  3 
14x  9x  30  14x2  56x  9x 2  9x  30x  30
 0  0
 (ii) x  1  x  4  (x  1)(x  4)
5x 2  35x  30 (x  6)(x  1)
 0  0
(x  1)(x  4) (x  1)(x  4)
 x  (–6, –1)  (1, 4)

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–12x 2 – 12
(iii) 0
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)

+ ND – ND + ND –
–3 –2 –1

x  (–3,–2)  (–1,)

x2  2  2x 2  2 3x 2
(iv) 0  0
x2  1 (x  1)(x  1)
 x  (–1,0)  (0,1)

D-3. Solve the following rational in equalities


ifjes; vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft, &
(x 2 – 3x  1)3 2x2  3 x  459
(i) 0 (ii) 1
(x  1)(x  2) x2  1
x2  5 x  12 x4  x2  1
(iii) 3 (iv) 0
2
x  4x  5 x2  4 x  5

 3– 5  3 5 1 
Ans. (i)  –2,    1,  (ii)  ,  20    23,   (iii)  , 3 (iv)  ,  1   5,  
   2 
 2  2   

+ ND – 0 + ND –0 +
Sol. (i)
–2 3– 5 1 3 5
2 2

 3– 5  3 5
x   –2,    1, 
 2   2 
 
(ii) 2x2 – 3x – 459 > x2 + 1
 x2 – 3x – 460 > 0  x  (–, –20)  (23, )
(iii) x – 5x + 12 > 3(x – 4x + 5)
2 2
(since pwafd x2 – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1 > 0)
 2x – 7x + 3 < 0
2
 2x2 – 6x – x + 3 < 0
1 
 2x(x – 3) – 1(x – 3) < 0  x   2 , 3
 
(iv) x4 + x2 + 1 is always positive lnSo /kukRed
1
  0 
(x  5)(x  1)

D-4. Solve the following rational in equalities


ifjes; vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft, &
(i) x4 – 5x2 + 4  0
(ii) x4 – 2x2 – 63  0
(iii) (x2+3x+1) (x2+3x–3)  5

Ans. (i) x  [–2, –1]  [1, 2] (ii) x  [–3, 3] (iii) x(–, –4][–2, –1) [1,)
Sol. (i) (x2 – 1)(x2 – 4)  0  (x – 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)(x – 2)  0

x  [–2, –1]  [1, 2]


(ii) (x2 – 9)(x2 + 7)  0  (x – 3)(x + 3)  0
x  [–3, 3]
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x2  1
D-5. Find number of integer which satisfying the inequalities  0 & x2 – 5x + 2  0:
x3
x2  1
 0 vkSj x2 – 5x + 2  0 dks laUrq"V djus okys iw.kkZd gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,&
x3
Ans. 04.00
x2  1
Sol. 0 x2 – 5x + 2  0.
x3
 5  17 5  17 
 x  (–3, –1]  [1, )  x  , 
 2 2 
 5  17 
so the common solution is x 1, 
 2 
 5  17 
blfy, mHk;fu"B gy x 1,  gS
 2 

D-6. Find the number of the integral solutions of x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25.
x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25 ds iw.kk±d gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,&
Ans. 5
Sol. x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25
 (x + 3)2 > x2 + 9  x>0 .......(i)
and vkSj (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25
 x2 – 2x – 16 < 0
 x (1 – 17 , 1 + 17 ) .....(ii)
(i)  (ii) ls x (0, 1 + 17 )
Noumber of integers = 5 vr% iw.kk±d gykssa dh la[;k = 5

x –1
D-7. If 1 <  7 then find the range of
x2
x –1
;fn 1 <  7 rc fuEu ds ifjlj Kkr dhft, &
x2
1
(i) x (ii) x2 (iii)
x
 5  25   2 
Ans. (i)  – ,–  (ii)  ,   (iii)  – ,0 
 2  4   5 

x – 1– 7x – 14 x – 1– x – 2
Sol. < 0 and vkSj >0
x2 x2
5 5
x  (–, – )  (–2,) and vkSj x  (–, –2)  x  (–, – )
2 2
5 25 1  2 
(i) x  (–, – ) (ii) x2  ( , ) (iii)   – ,0 
2 4 x  5 

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(3x – 5 x )(x – 2)
D-8. Find the number of positive integral value of x satisfying the inequality 0
(x 2  5x  2)
(3x – 5 x )(x – 2)
vlfedk  0 dks larq"V djus okys x ds /kukRed iw.kk±d ekuksa dh la[;k gS &
(x 2  5x  2)
Ans. 2
Sol.
– ND + ND – 0 + 0 –
–5 – 13 –5  13 0 2
2 2

Number of positive integer satisfying the inequality equal to 2 (which are 1 and 2)
vlfedk dks larq"V djus okys /kukRed iw.kk±d dh la[;k 2 gSA (tks fd 1 vkSj 2) gSA

Section (E) : Modulus Function & Equation


[k.M (E) : ekikad Qyu ,oa lehdj.k
E-1. Write the following expression in appropriate intervals so that they are bereft of modulus sign
uhps fn;s x;s O;atdksa dks vUrjky ds :i esa fyf[k;s tks ekikad jfgr gks
(i) |x2 – 7x + 10| Ans. (i) x2 – 7x + 10, x > 5 or x  2
–(x2 – 7x + 10), 2  x  5

(ii) |x3 – x| Ans. (ii) x3 – x, x  [–1, 0]  [1, )


x – x3 , x  (– , –1)  (0, 1)

(iii) |2x – 2| Ans. (iii) 2x – 2, x  1


2 – 2x , x < 1

(iv) |x2 – 6x + 10| Ans. (iv) x2 – 6x + 10, x  R

(v) |x – 1| + |x2 – 3x + 2| Ans. (v) x2 – 2x + 1, x  2


4x – x2 – 3, 1  x < 2
x2 – 4x + 3, x < 1
(vi) x2  6x  9 Ans. (vi) x – 3, x  3
3 – x, x  3
(vii) 2(x–1) + |x + 2| – 3|x+1|
Ans.(vii) 2x–1 + x + 2 – 3x+1 x  –1
2x–1 + x + 2 – 3–(x+1) –2  x  –1
2x–1 – x – 2 – 3–(x+1) x  –2
E-2. Draw the labled graph of following
fuEufyf[kr ds vkjs[k cukb;s–
(i) y = |7 – 2x| (ii) y = |x – 1| – |3x – 2|
(iii) y = |x – 1| + |x – 4| + |x – 7| (iv) y = |4x + 5|
(v) y = |2x – 3|

Ans. (i) (ii) (iii)

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(iv) (v)

E-3. Solve the following equations


fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft,&
(i) |x| + 2 |x – 6| = 12 Ans. x = 0, 8

(ii) ||x + 3| – 5| = 2 Ans. x = –10, –6, 0, 4

(iii) |||x – 2| – 2 | – 2| = 2 Ans. x = 0, ± 4, 8


(iv) ||x – 3| – 4| = 1 Ans. 12
(v) ||x – 1|– 5| = 2 Ans. 4

Sol. (1) |x| + 2|x – 6| = 12


Case-I : x  6 3x = 24  x = 8
Case-II : 0  x < 6
x + 12 – 2x = 12  x = 0
Case-III : x < 0
–x + 12 – 2x = 12  x = 0
so solution is blfy, gy x = 0, 8
(2) ||x + 3| – 5| = 2
 |x + 3| – 5 = 2, –2   |x + 3| = 7 or ;k |x + 3| = 3
    x + 3 = 7, –7 or ;kx + 3 = 3, –3
 x = 4, –10 or ;k x = 0, –6
so blfy,x = –10, –6, 0, 4
(3) |||x – 2| – 2 | – 2| = 2
 ||x – 2| – 2 | – 2 = ±2
either ||x – 2| – 2 | = 4 or ;k 0
case-I : ||x – 2| – 2| = 4
|x – 2| – 2 = ±4  |x – 2| = 6 or ;k –2  x – 2 = ±6  x = 8 or ;k –4
case-II : ||x – 2| – 2| = 0
|x – 2| – 2 = 0  |x – 2| = 2  x – 2 = ±2  x = 4 or ;k 0
hence four solutions vr% pkj gy : 0, –4, 4 & 83
(iv) |x – 3| = 4 ± 1  |x – 3| = 3, 5  x = 6, 0, 8, –2  ;ksx = 12
(v) |x – 1| – 5 = ±2  |x – 1| = 7, 3  four values pkj eku.

E-4. Solve the following equations :


fuEu lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft, :
(i) x2 – 7|x| – 8 = 0 Ans. ±8
2
(ii) x 3 x +2=0 Ans. 4
(iii) |x – x + 1| = |x – x – 1|
2 2
Ans. 0, 1
(iv) |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| = 6 Ans. 0, 4
(v) |x2 – 2x| + x = 6 Ans. –2, 3
(vi) |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2. Ans. x  {– 2, 2, 4}
(vii) |2x2 + x – 1| = |x2 + 4x + 1| Ans. 4

Sol. (i) |x|2 – 7|x| – 8 = 0  (|x| – 8)(|x| + 1) = 0 |x| = 8 x = ±8

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(ii) |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0


(|x| – 2) (|x| – 1) = 0
|x| = 2 |x| = 1
x = 2, –2 x = 1, –1
for solutions vr% pkj ewy gksxsaA

(iii) Squaring both sides, we get nksuksa rjQ oxZ djus ij


(x2 – x + 1)2 – (x2 – x – 1)2 = 0 (2x2 – 2x)(2) = 0  x = 0, 1
(iv) |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| = 6
x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = 6  x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 12 = 0
 (x – 4)(x – 2x + 6) = 0 
2
x=4
or ;k x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = –6  x(x2 – 6x + 11) = 0  x=0
(v) CasefLFkfr -I : x  (–, 0]  [2, )
x2 – 2x + x = 6  x2 – x – 6 = 0 x = –2, 3
CasefLFkfr -II : x  [0, 2]
2x – x2 + x = 6  x2 – 3x + 6 = 0 No real roots dksbZ okLrfod ewy ugha
(vi) Case-I : x  [–2, 3]
6 + x – x2 = x + 2  x2 = 4  x = ±2
Case-II : x  (–, –2] [3, )
x2 – x – 6 = x + 2  x2 – 2x – 8 = 0  (x – 4)(x + 2) = 0
 x = –2, 4
(vii) (2x2 + x – 1)2 – (x2 + 4x + 1)2  (3x2 + 5x)(x2 – 3x – 2) = 0
5 3  17
 x =  , 0,  four solutions pkj gy
3 2
E-5. Find the sum of solutions of the following equations :
fuEu fn, x;s lehdj.kksa ds gyksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,
(i) x2 – 5|x| – 4 = 0 Ans. 0
(ii) (x – 3)2 + |x – 3| – 11 = 0 Ans. 6
(iii) |x|3 – 15x2 – 8|x| – 11 = 0 Ans. 0
11 13
(iv) |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12 Ans. x=– ,
7 7
(v) 2|x| + 3|x| + 4|x| = 9 Ans. 0

5  41  5  41 
Sol. (i) |x|2 – 5|x| – 4 = 0  |x| =  x = ± 
2  2
 
Hence sum vr% ;ksxQy = 0.
(ii) Let |x – 3| = t; equation becomes t2 + t – 11 = 0
so |x – 3| =  x = 3 ±   sum = 6
(iii) Let |x| = t, for any value of t satisfying this equation
corresponding x = ±t   sum is zero.

(iv) |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12

3
case-1 fLFkfr -1 : x < –
4

11
–4x – 3 – 3x + 4 = 12   –7x = 11  x=–
7
3 4
case-2 : fLFkfr-2 x
–  4x + 3 – 3x + 4 = 12
4 3
x = 5, not acceptable. tks Lohdk;Z ugha gSA
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4
case-3 : fLFkfr-3 x
3
13
4x + 3 + 3x – 4 = 12   7x = 13  x=
7
11 13
 x = , .
7 7

(iv) |x – 3| = 4 ± 1  |x – 3| = 3, 5  x = 6, 0, 8, –2 sum ;ksx = 12

(ii) ekuk |x – 3| = t ; lehdj.k t2 + t – 11 = 0


blfy, |x – 3| =  x = 3 ±   ;ksxQy = 6
(iii) ekuk |x| = t, t ds fdlh eku ds fy;s lehdj.k lUrq"V gksrh gS
x = ±t   ;ksx 'kwU; gS
(v) |x| = 1 is the solution ,d gy gS  x = ±1  sum of roots ewyksa dk ;ksx = 0

E-6. Find number of solutions of the following equations


fuEu lehdj.kksa ds gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,
(i) |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| = 9
(ii) |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| + |x – 4| = 4
(iii) |x| + |x + 2| + |x – 2| = p, p  R
Ans. (i) 2
(ii) Infinite vuUr
(iii) p < 4 no solution dksbZ gy ugha
p = 4 one solution ,d gy
p > 4 Two solution nks gy

Sol. (i) (ii)

(iii)

E-7. Find the minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3|


f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| dk U;wure eku gS&
Ans. 2
 x  1  x  2  x  3  6  3x , x 1

 x  1 x  2  x  3  4  x 1 x  2
Sol. f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| = 
 x  1 x  2  x  3  x 2x3

 x  1  x  2  x  3  3x  6 x3
min U;wure f(x) = 2.

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E-8 If x2 – |x – 3| – 3 = 0, then |x| can be


;fn x2 – |x – 3| – 3 = 0, rc |x| gks ldrk gS
Ans. 2, 3
Sol. Let ekuk x  3 x2 – (x – 3) – 3 = 0  x2 – x = 0  x = 0, 1 rejected vLohdk;Z
If ;fn x < 3 x2 + (x – 3) = 0  x2 + x – 6 = 0  (x + 3)(x – 2) = 0
 x = –3, 2
Hence vr% |x| = 2 or ;k 3

E-9. If |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| is a prime number then find the number of possible integral values of x.
;fn |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| vHkkT; la[;k gS rc x ds laHkkfor iw.kkZad ekuksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans. 0
Sol. |(x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)| cannot be a prime integer for integer values of x as product of 3 consecutive
integers cannot be prime.
|(x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)| vHkkT; iw.kkZad ugha gks ldrk x ds iw.kkZad eku ds fy, D;ksafd 3 Øekxr iw.kkZadksa xq.kd
vHkkT; ugha gks ldrkA

Section (F) : Modulus Inequalities


[k.M (F) : ekikadh; vlehdk,sa
F-1. Solve the following inequalities :
fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,&
(i) |x – 3|  2 (ii) | |x – 2| – 3| 0

(iii) ||3x – 9| + 2 | > 2

(vi) ||x – 1| – 1|  1
 
Ans. (i) x  (–, 1]  [5, ) (ii) x = 5 or x = – 1
(iii) x  R – {3} (iv) x  [0, 6] (v) R
(vi) [ 1, 3]

Sol. (i) |x – 3|  2
x – 3  2 or ;k x – 3  – 2
x  5 or ;k x  1
(ii) |x – 2| – 3 = 0
|x – 2| = 3
x = 5 or ;k x = – 1
(iii) |3x – 9| + 2 > 2 or ;k |3x – 9| + 2 < – 2
|3x – 9| > 0 or ;k x
x  R – {3}

(vi) –1  |x – 1| – 1  1  0  |x – 1|  2
 0  |x – 1|    xR ...(1)
and vkSj |x – 1|  2 
  –2  x –1  2  –1  x  3 ...(2)
(1)  (2) ls
 x  [–1, 3].

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F-2. Solve the following inequalities :


fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,
3
(i) 1 >2 Ans. x  (–1, 0)  (0, 3)
x
3x
(ii) 1 Ans. x  (–, –4]  [–1, 1]  [4, )
x 4
2

| x  3 | x
(iii) >1 Ans. x  (–5, –2)  (–1, )
x2
 2  1 
(iv) |x2 + 3x| + x2 – 2  0 Ans. x   ,     ,  
 3   2 
 2 
(v) |x + 3| > |2x – 1| Ans. x    , 4
 3 
(vi) |x – 2| > |2x – 3| Ans. (1, 5/3)

3 3 3x x 1
Sol. (i) 1+ >2 or ;k 1+ < –2  >0 or ;k <0
x x x x
 0<x<3 or ;k –1 < x < 0  x  (–1, 0)  (0, 3)
3x 3x  x  4
2
3x  x 2  4
(ii) –1   1   0 and vkSj  0
x2  4 x2  4 x2  4
(x  4) (x  1) (x  4) (x  1)
  0 and vkSj  0
(x  2) (x  2) (x  2) (x  2)
x  (–, –4]  (–2, 1]  (2, ) and vkSj x  (–, –2)  [–1, 2)  [4, )
Taking intersection we get mHk;fu"B ysus ij x  (–, –4]  [–1, 1]  [4, )
2x  3  x  2
(iii) case-I: fLFkfr-I: x  –3  >0
x2
x 1
 > 0  x  (–, –2)  (–1, ) But ysfdu x  – 3  x  [–3, –2) (–1, )
x2
3  x  2 x5
case-II: fLFkfr-II : x < –3  >0  <0  –5 < x < –2
x2 x2
But ysfdu x < –3  x  (–5, –3)  x  (–5, –2)  (–1, ).
(iv) |x + 3x| + x – 2  0
2 2

case-I: fLFkfr-I : ;fn x < – 3


1 
 2x2 + 3x – 2  0  (2x – 1) (x + 2)  0  x (–, – 2)   ,   
 2 
But ysfdu x < – 3  x (–, – 3) ....(i)
case-II: fLFkfr-II : ;fn – 3  x < 0
2
 3x + 2  0  x–
3
 –2 
But ysfdu –3x<0  x   –3,  ....(ii)
 3 
case-III: fLFkfr-III : ;fn x  0
1 
 2x2 + 3x – 2  0  x   ,     ....(iii)
2 
union of (i), (ii) and (iii) gives (i)  (ii)  (iii) ls
 2 1 
x   – , –    ,  
 3 2 
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(v) |x + 3| > |2x –1|  x2 + 9 + 6x > 4x2 + 1 – 4x


 2 2
 3x2 – 10x – 8 < 0   x   (x – 4) < 0  – < x < 4
 3 3
(vi) Squaring oxZ djus ij
x2 – 4x + 4 > 4x2 – 12x + 9
 5
3x2 – 8x + 5 < 0  (x – 1)(3x – 5) < 0  x   1, 
 3
F-3. Solve the following inequalities
fuEu vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,
(i) |x3 – 1|  1 – x Ans. x  (–, –1]  [0, )
(ii) 2
x – 4x  4 1 Ans. x  (–, 1]  [3, )

| x  2 | x
(iii) <2 Ans. x  (–, 0)  (1, )
x
| x2|
(iv) >0 Ans. x  (2, )
x2

(v) |x + 2| + |x – 3| < |2x + 1| Ans. x  (2, )

(vi) |2x – 3| – |x|  3 Ans. x  [0, 6]


(vii) |x – 1| + |x + 2| 3 Ans. x R

Sol. (i) |x3 – 1|  1 – x  |(x – 1)| (x2 + x + 1)  1 – x


casefLFkfr I x1  (x – 1) (x2 + x + 1) + (x – 1)  0
(x – 1) (x2 + x + 2)  0  (x – 1)  0
x1  x  [1, )
casefLFkfr II x<1
[– (x – 1) (x2 + x + 1)] + (x – 1)  0  – (x – 1) [x2 + x + 1 – 1]  0

(x – 1) (x2 + x)  0 = x (x – 1) (x + 1)  0
x  (–, –1]  [0, 1)
Taking Union of both the cases, we get x  (–, –1]  [0, ) Ans.
nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa dk la?k ysus ij x  (–, –1]  [0, ) Ans.
(ii) |(x –2) |  1
2
 (x – 2)2  1
(x – 2 + 1) (x – 2 – 1)  0   (x – 1) (x – 3)  0
x  (–, 1]  [3, ) Ans.
x2 x
(iii) <2
x
x  2  x 4x  2
casefLFkfr I x  –2  –2<0  <0
x x
4x  2 2x  1  1
>0  >0 i.e. x  ,    (0, )
x x  2
i.e. x(–, –2]
casefLFkfr II x > –2
x2x 1 1 x
< 2  –1 <0  >0
x x x
i.e. x (–, 0)  (1, ) (Intersection with the given case loZfu"B ysus ij)
i.e. x  (–2, 0)  (1, )
nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa dk la?k ysus ij x (– , 0)  (1, ) Ans.

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| x2|
(iv) >0
x2
casefLFkfr I x>2
casefLFkfr II x<2
x (2, ) – 1 > 0 Not possiblelaHko ugha
x  (2, ) Ans.
(v) casefLFkfr I : x < –2
–x – 2 – x + 3 < –2x – 1  1 < –1 Not possible laHko ugha
1
casefLFkfr II : –2  x < 
2
x + 2 – x + 3 < – 2x – 1  2x < –6  x < –3 Not possible laHko ugha
1
casefLFkfr -III :   x < 3
2
x + 2 – x + 3 < 2x + 1  x>2
casefLFkfr -IV : x  3
x + 2 + x – 3 < 2x + 1  1 > –1 Hence vr% x  (2, )

(vi)

for y  3 ds fy;s x  [0, 6]


(vii) |x – 1| |x + 2|  3
Now vc |a| + |b|  |a – b|  |x + 2| + |x – 1|  3 x R.

F-4. Solve the following equations


fuEu lehdj.kksa dks gy djus ij
(i) |x3 + x2 + x + 1| = |x3 + 1| + |x2 + x| Ans. {–1}  [0, )

(ii) |x2 – 4x + 3| + |x2 – 6x + 8| = |2x – 5| Ans. [1, 2]  [3, 4]


 1 
(iii) |x2 + x + 2| – |x2 – x + 1| = |2x + 1| Ans. x   ,  
 2 
(iv). |x2 – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 | x + 2| [1, 4] {–2}
Ans.
 3
(v). | 2x – 3 | + | x + 5 |  | x – 8 | Ans.  –5, 2 
 
Sol. (i) |a + b| = |a| + |b|  ab  0  (x2 + 1)(x2 + x)  0
 (x + 1)2 x(x2 – x + 1)  0  x  {–1}  [0, )
(ii) |a| + |b| = |a – b| ab  0  (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 4)  0
 x  [1, 2]  [3, 4]
 1 
(iii) |a| – |b| = |a – b|  |a|  |b|  2x + 1  0 (as D;ksafd a, b  0)  x   ,  
 2 
(iv) Since (x2 + x - 2) - (x2 - 2x - 8) = 3x + 6 = 3(x+2)  (x - 2x - 8) (x + x - 2)  0
2 2

i.e. (x - 4) (x + 2) (x + 2) (x - 1)  0

 Solution set is [1,4]  {-2}


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Hindi pw¡fd (x2 + x - 2) - (x2 - 2x - 8) = 3x + 6 = 3(x+2)  (x2 - 2x - 8) (x2 + x - 2)  0


vFkkZr~ (x - 4) (x + 2) (x + 2) (x - 1)  0

 gy leqPp; [1,4]  {-2} gSA


(v) |a|+|b||a–b| i.e. | a | + | –b |  | a + (–b) |
| a | + | –b |  | a + (–b) |  | a | + | –b | = | a + (–b) |  a ( – b )  0 i.e. ab  0
 solution set is given by ( 2x – 3 ) (x + 5)  0
i.e. – 5  x  3/2.
Hindi |a|+|b||a–b| vFkkZr~ | a | + | –b |  | a + (–b) |
| a | + | –b |  | a + (–b) |  | a | + | –b | = | a + (–b) |  a ( – b )  0 vFkkZr~ ab  0
 gy leqPp; ( 2x – 3 ) (x + 5)  0 }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ – 5  x  3/2.
F-5. Find the solution set of the inequalities |x2 + x – 2|  0 and |x2 – x + 2|  0
vlfedkvksa |x2 + x – 2|  0 vkSj |x2 – x + 2|  0 dk gy leqPP; Kkr dhft,A
Ans. {–2, 1}
Sol. |x2 + x – 2|  0  (x + 2)(x – 1) = 0  x = –2, 1
|x2 – x + 2| = 0  xR Hence vr% x  {–2, 1}

Section (G) : Irrational Inequations


[k.M (G) : vifjes; vlfedk,sa
G-1. Solve the following inequalities :
fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft, &
 7  21   7  21 
(i) x2  6x  8  x 1 Ans. x   , 2   4, 
 2   2 

(ii) x–3< x2  4x  5 Ans. (– , – 5] U [1, )


(iii) x2  5x  24  x  2 Ans. (–, –3]
(iv) x2  x  6 < 2x – 3 Ans. x  [3, )
(v) x – 1 |x| < 0 Ans. [– 1, ( 5 – 1)/2)
1
(vi) 4  x2  Ans. [–2, 0)  [ 2  3 , 2  3 ]
x
2x  1 1 
(vii)
x2
<1 Ans.  2 , 2   (5, )
 

x7
(viii)  3x Ans. (– 1, 1) (2, 3]
x 1

Sol. (i) 8  2x – x2 > 6 – 3x


(a) 8 + 2x – x2  0  x [–2, 4] .... (i)
case fLFkfr - I
when tc (i) 6 – 3x  0  x 2 ... (ii)
so blfy, 8 + 2x – x > 36 + 9x – 36 x
2 2

  10x2 – 38x + 28 < 0


  5x2 – 19x + 14 < 0
  (5x – 14) (x – 1)< 0
 14 
x   1, .... (iii)
 5 
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by (1) and (2) and (3)


(1) rFkk (2) rFkk (3) dh lgk;rk ls x (1, 2]
Case fLFkfr -
6 – 3x < 0  x>2
+ ve > –ve
so vr% x>2 .... (iv)
by (1) and (4)
(1) rFkk (4) dh lgk;rk ls x (2, 4]
so by case (1) and (2) x (1, 4]
fLFkfr (1) rFkk (2) dh lgk;rk ls x (1, 4]
Hindi (i) 8  2x – x2 > 6 – 3x
(a) 8 + 2x – x2  0  x [–2, 4] .... (i)
fLFkfr-I
(i) ;fn 6 – 3x  0 gks] rks x 2 ... (ii)
vr% 8 + 2x – x2 > 36 + 9x2 – 36 x  10x2 – 38x + 28 < 0
  5x2 – 19x + 14 < 0  (5x – 14) (x – 1)< 0
 14 
   x   1, .... (iii)
 5 
(i), (ii) ,oa (iii) ls&
x (1, 2]
fLFkfr-
6 – 3x < 0  x>2
/kukRed la[;k > _.kkRed la[;k
vr% x > 2 .... (iv)
(i) o (iv) ls&
x (2, 4]
vr% fLFkfr-I ,oa fLFkfr-II ls x (1, 4]
(ii) Case 
If x – 3 < 0, then we have
x2 + 4x – 5  0  x2 + 5x – x – 5  0  (x – 1) (x + 5)  0
x  (– , –5]  [1, )  x (– , – 5] [1, 3) ... (i)
Case  :
if x – 3  0, then we have
7
(x – 3)2 < (x2 + 4x – 5)  x2 – 6x + 9 < x2 + 4x – 5  x>
5
 x [3, ) ... (ii)
 (i) (ii) is
x  (– , – 5]  [1, )

Hindi. fLFkfr 


;fn x – 3 < 0 rc
x2 + 4x – 5  0  x2 + 5x – x – 5  0  (x – 1) (x + 5)  0
x  (– , –5]  [1, )  x (– , – 5] [1, 3) ... (i)
fLFkfr 
;fn x – 3 > 0 rc
7
(x – 3)2 < (x2 + 4x – 5) x2 – 6x + 9 < x2 + 4x – 5  x>
5
 x [3, ) ... (ii)
 (i) (ii) ls x  (– , – 5]  [1, )

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(iii) x2  5x  24 > x + 2
x2 – 5x – 24  0  x  (–, –3]  [8, )
Case-I : x  (–, –3], LHS  0 & RHS < 0, hence inequality holds
Case-II : x  [8, ) squaring both sides
28
x2 – 5x – 24 > x2 + 4x + 4  x < (Not possible)
9
Hence x  , 3 

 x2  5x  24 > x + 2
x2 – 5x – 24  0  x  (–, –3]  [8, )
fLFkfr -I : x  (–, –3], LHS  0 rFkk RHS < 0, vr% vlfedk lUrq"V gksrh gS
fLFkfr -II : x  [8, ) oxZ djus ij
28
x2 – 5x – 24 > x2 + 4x + 4  x < (Not possiblelaHko ugh)
9
Hence vr% x  , 3

(iv) x2  6x  8  x  1
Domain izkUr x + 1  0  x  –1
x2 – 6x + 8  0  (x – 2) (x – 4)  0
 x  2 or x  4
 Domain izkUr  x  [–1, 2]  [4, )
squaring oxZ djus ij x2 – 6x + 8  x + 1  x2 – 7x + 7  0
 7
2
21  7  21 7 21 
x  2 – 4  0  x   , 
   2 2 
 7  21   7  21 
Ans. x   , 2   4, 
 2   2 

(v) x< 1 |x|


Case-I fLFkfr-I : x < 0 ......(i)
1 – |x|  0  1+x0  x  – 1 .........(ii)
x  (i)  (ii)  x  [–1, 0) .......(A)
Case-II fLFkfr-II : x  0 .....(i)
1–x0  x1 .......(ii)
x2 < 1 – x
1 5
 x2 + x < 1  x2 + x + <
4 4
2
 1 5
 x  2 < 4
 
1  5 5 1
<x< ......(iii)
2 2
 5  1
x  (i)  (ii)  (iii)  x  0,  .......(B)
 2 
 5  1
x  (A)  (B)  x   1, 
 2 

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(vi) 4  x2  –2  x  2
1
Case I if –2  x < 0, then 4  x2  holds
x
 [–2, 0) are solutions
Case II If 0 < x  2, then
1 1
4  x2    4 – x2    x2 (4 – x2)  1
x x2
 x4 – 4x2 + 1  0  2– 3  x2  2 + 3
 2 3  x  2 3

HINDI 4  x2  –2  x  2
Case I ;fn –2  x < 0 gks] rks  lR; gS
 [–2, 0) gy gS
Case II ;fn 0 < x  2 gks] rks
1 1
4  x2    4 – x2   x2 (4 – x2)  1
x x2
 x4 – 4x2 + 1  0  2– 3  x2  2 + 3
 2 3  x  2 3

2x  1
(vii) <1
x2
Case-I fLFkfr-I : x – 2 < 0  x<2 ........(i)
2x – 1  (x – 2) 2

x  (–, 1)  (5, ) ........(ii)


x  (i)  (ii) x  (–, 1) .......(A)
Case-II fLFkfr-II : x – 2 > 0  x > 2 ........(iii)
2x – 1  (x – 2) 2

2x – 1 < x2 – 4x + 4
x2 – 6x + 5 > 0
 x  (–, 1)  (5, ) ........(iv)
x  (iii)  (iv)
x  (5, ) .......(B)
x  (A)  (B)
x  (–, 1)  (5, )

x7 x7  0  x  7


(viii)  3  x   x  [7, 3] 
x 1 3x 0  x 3 
CasefLFkfr-I : CasefLFkfr-II :
x < –1 x > –1
 (x + 7) > (x + 1)2 (3 – x)
No solution dksbZ gy ugha  (x + 7) + (x – 3)(x2 + 2x + 1) > 0
 x + 7 + x3 + 2x2 + x – 3x2 – 6x – 3 > 0

 x3 – x2 – 4x + 4 > 0
 (x + 2) (x – 2) (x – 1) > 0
Ans. (–2, 1) (2, )
C-II [–7, 3]  (– 1, 1) (2, 3]

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G-2. Solve the equation a(2x – 2)  1 = 1 – 2x for every value of the parameter a.

izkpy a ds izR;sd eku ds fy, lehdj.k a(2x – 2)  1 = 1 – 2x dks gy dhft,A


Ans. x = log2a where, a  (0, 1]
Ans. x = log2a tgk¡ , a  (0, 1]
Sol. Let y = 2x . Then, a(2x – 2)  1 = 1 – 2x
 a(y – 2)  1 = 1 – y  a (y – 2) + 1 = (1 – y)2
 y2 – 2y = a (y – 2)  (y – 2) (y – a) = 0
 y = 2 or y = a
Now, y = 2  2x = 2  x=1
But, x = 1 is not a solution of the given equation, because for x = 1, LHS = 1 and RHS = – 1
y=a
 2x = a  a > 0 and x = log2a [ 2x > 0 for all x  R]
Putting 2x = a in the given equation, we get a(a – 2)  1 = 1 – a

 (a – 1)2 = 1 – a  |a – 1| = 1 – a  a–10
 a1
Also, a > 0. Therefore, a  (0, 1]
Hence, x = log2a is the solution of the given equation for all a  (0, 1]. For a  0 and for a > 1, the
equation has no solution
Hindi. ekuk y = 2x . rks a(2x – 2)  1 = 1 – 2x
 a(y – 2)  1 = 1 – y  a (y – 2) + 1 = (1 – y)2
 y2 – 2y = a (y – 2)  (y – 2) (y – a) = 0
 y = 2 ;k y = a
vc, y=2  2x = 2  x=1
ysfdu x = 1 nh xbZ lehdj.k dk ,d gy ugha gSa D;ksafd x = 1 ds fy, LHS = 1 rFkk RHS = – 1
y=a
 2x = a  a > 0 vkSj x = log2a [ 2x > 0  x  R]
nh xbZ lehdj.k esa 2x = a j[kus ij gesa feyrk gS a(a – 2)  1 = 1 – a

 (a – 1)2 = 1 – a  |a – 1| = 1 – a  a–10
 a1
lkFk gh a > 0 blfy, a  (0, 1]
bl izdkj x = log2a lHkh a  (0, 1] ds fy, nh xbZ lehdj.k dk ,d gy gSA a  0 rFkk a > 1 ds fy, lehdj.k
dk dksbZ gy ughas gSA

G-3. Solve the following inequlities vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,A

1 3 1 1 | x2| – | x|
(i) 3
(x – 4)(x – 6) > 2 (ii) – < – (iii) 0
x2 x x 2 8 – x3
Ans.  i(–,2)  (8, )
 1
  (ii) x   0,  (iii) x  [–1,2)
 3
Sol. (i) (x – 4) (x – 6) > 8  x2 – 10x + 16 > 0  x  (–,2)  (8, )

1 3  1
(ii) –  0  x  (–,0)   0, 3 
x2 x  
CasefLFkfr -I x  (–,0)  x   { RHS is negative _.kkRed gSA)

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 1
Case-fLFkfr II x   0, 
 3
1 3 1 1 1  1
– < 2 + – x >– 8x   0, 3 
x2 x x 4 x  
 1
From both case we get nksuksa fLFkfr ls  x   0, 
 3

x2 – x
(iii) 0
8 – x3
 |x + 2|  |x| and vkSj 8 – x3 > 0  x  [–1,] and vkSj 2 > x
 x  [–1,2)

Section (H) : Logarithmic Properties


[k.M (H) : y?kqx.kd xq.k/keZ
H-1. Find the value of
eku Kkr dhft,
(i) log105.log1020 + (log102)2
log 2
(ii) 5 5
 9log3 7  8log2 5
1
1
(iii) 3 5 log7 5 
(  log10 0.1)

1
(iv) log0.75 log2
0.125
1log7 2
 1 
(v)  49  + 5– log1/ 5 7
 
log3 5 log5 7 log3 7 log5 3
(vi) 7 3 5 7

1
Ans. (i) 1 (ii)–72 (iii) 2 (iv) 1 (v) 7+ (vi) 0
196
Sol. (i) log10(log105 + 2log102) + (log102)2 = (log105 + log102)2 = (log1010)2 = 1
log 5
(ii) 2 5
 7log3 9  5log2 8 = = 22 + 72 – 53 = 53 – 125 = – 72
1/ 3
 
 
(iii)  5log5 7  1  = (7 + 1)1/3 = 2
   1  
  log10   
  0.1   
 

 
1/ 2
log3/4 log2  8 
1/ 2
(iv) = log3/4 log2 (2)3/4 = 1
1log72
 1  2 1
= (72 )log7 7  log7 2 = (72 )log7 & 5 log1/ 5 7
14
(v)  49  = 7log7 (14) = = 5log5 7 = 7
  196
1
 7+
196

(vi) 7log3 5 + 3log5 7 – 5log3 7 – 7log5 3 = 7log3 5


+ 3log5 7 – 7log3 5 – 3log5 7
{using property alogc b = blogc a } { xq.k/keZ alogc b = blogc a
dk ç;ksx djussa ij}= 0

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H-2. Which of the following numbers are positive/negative


fuEu esa ls dkSulh la[;k /kukRed gS vkSj dkSulh _.kkRed gS\
(i) log 3
2 (ii) log1/7(2) (iii) log1/3(1/5) (iv) log3(4)

 2  1  2· 3 3 
log3 ( 7  2) log4 
 2  1 
(v) log7(2.11) (vi) (vii) (viii) log3  
 3
   
(ix) log10 (log10 9)

Ans. (i) +ve (ii) – ve (iii) +ve (iv) +ve


(v) +ve (vi) – ve (vii) +ve (viii) – ve (ix) – ve
Sol. (i) 2 > 1 & 3 > 1, hence positive
(ii) Number & base on oppsite sides of unity, hence negative
(iii) Number & base on same sides of unity, hence positive
(iv) Number & base on same sides of unity, hence positive
(v) Number & base on same sides of unity, hence positive
(vi) Number & base on oppsite sides of unity, hence negative
(vii) Number & base on same sides of unity, hence positive
(viii) Number & base on oppsite sides of unity, hence negative
(ix) Number & base on oppsite sides of unity, hence negative
Hindi. (i) 2>1& 3 > 1, vr% /kukRed
(ii) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds foijhr vksj fLFkr gS vr% _.kkRed gSA
(iii) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gS vr% /kukRed gSA
(iv) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gS vr% /kukRed gSA
(v) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gS vr% /kukRed gSA
(vi) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds foijhr vksj fLFkr gS vr% _.kkRed gSA
(vii) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gS vr% /kukRed gSA
(viii) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds foijhr vksj fLFkr gS vr% _.kkRed gSA
(ix) la[;k vkSj vk/kkj bdkbZ ds foijhr vksj fLFkr gS vr% _.kkRed gSA

H-3. Let log102 = a and log103 = b then determine the following logarithms in terms of a and b.
ekuk log102 = a rFkk log103 = b rc fuEu y?kqx.kd dk eku a o b ds inksa esa Kkr dhft,A
 
(i) log10  sin2  Ans. b – 2a
 3
(ii) log1004 + 2 log10027 Ans. a + 3b
2b2  3a2
(iii) log29 + log38 Ans.
ab
4(2a  b)
(iv) log 144 Ans.
45
1  a  2b
3
Sol. (i) log10   = log103 – 2log102 = b – 2a
4
(ii) log102 + 3log103 = a + 3b
2log10 3 3log10 2 2b 3a 2b2  a2
(iii)  =  
log10 2 log10 3 a b ab
 4log10 2  2log10 3  4  2a  b 
(iv) 2  =
 2log10 3  log10 5  1  a  2b

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4 3 2 1
H-4. (i) Let n = 75600, then find the value of   
log2 n log3 n log5 n log7 n
4 3 2 1
ekuk n = 75600 rc    Kkr dhft,A
log2 n log3 n log5 n log7 n

(ii) If 
log2 log3 log4 (x)  0  
and log3 log4 log2 (y)  0  and  
log4 log2 log3 (z)  0 then
find the sum of x, y and z is
;fn If log2 log3 log4 (x)   0 vkSj log3 log4 log2 (y)   0 vkSj log4 log2 log3 (z)   0 rc
x, y rFkk z ds ;ksxQy dks Kkr dhft,A
1
(iii) Suppose n be an integer greater than 1. let a n = . Suppose b = a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 and
logn 2002
c = a10 + a11 + a12 + a13 + a14. Then find the value of (b – c)
1
ekuk fd n, 1 ls cM+k iw.kkZad gSA ekuk an = vkSj b = a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 rFkk
logn 2002
c = a10 + a11 + a12 + a13 + a14rc (b – c) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (i) 1 (ii) 89 (iii) –1
Sol. (i) n = 75600
Now vc 4logn2 + 3logn3 + 2logn5 + logn7 = logn(24.33.52.71) = logn(75600) = 1
2
(ii) x = 43 = 43 = 64
1
y = (24)1 = 16, z = 32 =9
sum ;ksxQy = 64 + 16 + 9 = 89
1
(iii) an =  log2002 n
logn 2002
b = a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 = log2002 2 + log2002 3 + log2002 4 + log2002 5 = log2002 (2.3.4.5) = log2002 120
c = a10 + a11 + a12 + a13 + a14 = log200210 + log200211 + log200212 + log200213 + log200214
= log2002(10.11.12.13.14) = log2002240240
Now vc b – c = log2002120 – log2002240240 = log200210 + =

H-5. Show that the number log 2 7 is an irrational number.


n'kkZ b ;s fd la [ ;k log 2 7 vifjes ; gS A
p
Sol. Let log 2 7 = , where p & q are coprime numbers.
q
 7 = 2 p/ q  7q = 2p
 7 q is an odd number
while 2 p is an even number
 this is not possible & log 2 7 is an irrational number.
p
Hindi ekuk log 2 7 = , tgk¡ p vkSj q lg&vHkkT; la[;k,¡ gSA
q
 7 = 2 p/ q  7q = 2p
 7 q ,d fo"ke laa[;k gSA
tcfd 2p ,d le la[;k gSA vr% ;g lEHko ugha gSA vr% log 2 7 ,d vifjes; la[;k gSA

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loga logb logc


H-6. If   , show that a a . b b . c c = 1.
bc c a ab
log a log b log c
;fn   gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd a a . b b . c c = 1.
b  c c  a a b
loga logb log c
Sol. = = = k (let)
bc c a ab
log a = k(b – c)  a log a = ka (b – c)
log b = k(c – a)  b log b = kb (c – a)
log c = k(a – b)  c log c = kc (a – b)
 log a a + log b b + log c c = k (ab – ac + bc – ab + ca – bc)
 log a a b b c c = 0  aa bb cc = 1
loga logb log c
Hindi = = k ( ekuk )
bc c a ab
 log a = k(b – c)   a log a = ka (b – c)
,oa log b = k(c – a)   b log b = kb (c – a)
,oa log c = k(a – b)   c log c = kc (a – b)
 log a a + log b b + log c c = k (ab – ac + bc – ab + ca – bc)
 log a a b b c c = 0   aa bb cc = 1

Section (I) : Logarithmic Equations


[k.M (I) : y?kqx.kd lehdj.ksa
I-1. Solve the following equations :
lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft,
(i) logx(4x – 3) = 2 Ans. 3
(ii) log2(log3(x2 – 1)) = 0 Ans. ±2
(iii) 4log2 x  2x  3  0 Ans. 3
(iv) log 4 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 4 x) = 2. Ans. 16
(v) log 4 log 3 log 2 x = 0 Ans. 8
 1 
(vi) log 3  log9 x   9x  = 2x. Ans. {1/3}
 2 

(vii) 2log 4 (4 – x) = 4 – log 2 (– 2 – x). Ans. {– 4}


(log 2x)
(viii) x x 4 Ans. no root dksbZ ewy ugha
0.5log (x  x)
2
(ix) x x
 3log9 4 .
Ans. (2)

Sol. (i) logx(4x – 3) = 2  4x – 3 = x2  x2 – 4x + 3 = 0


 x – 4x + 3 = 0 
2
(x – 1)(x – 3) = 0  x = 1, x = 3
3
But 4x – 3 > 0  x> and x > 0, x  1 
4
  Ans. x = 3
(ii) log2log3(x2 – 1) = 0  log3(x2 – 1) = 20 = 1  (x2 – 1) = 31
 x –1=3
2
 x2 = 4  x = ±2
both are satisfied
(iii) x2 – 2x – 3 = 0  (x – 3)(x + 1) = 0 x = 3, x = –1
but x > 0 
  Ans. x = 3

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1 1
(iv) log 4 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 4 x) = 2 
log 2 (log 2 x) + log 2 [ log 2 x] = 2
2 2
1 3
log 2 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 2 x) = 2  log 2 (log 2 x) = 3
2 2
log 2 (log 2 x) = 2 log 2 x = 4 x = 2 4 = 16
(v) log 4 log 3 log 2 x = 0  log 3 log 2 x = 1  log 2 x = 3
 x = 23   x = 8.
 1  1 1
(vi) log3  log9 x   9 x  = 2x  log 9 x + + 9 x = 3 2 x  log 9 x + + 9x = 9x
 2  2 2
1 1
 
log 9 x = –  x = 9 – 1/ 2  x =
2 3
(vii) 2 log 4 (4 – x) = 4 – log 2 (–2 – x)
(i) 4 – x > 0   x < 4
(ii) –2 – x > 0   x < –2
(iii) log 2 (4 – x) = 4 – log 2 (–2 – x)   log 2 (4 – x) (–2 – x) = 4
 (4 – x) (–2 – x) = 16   –8 – 2x + x 2 = 16
 x 2 – 2x – 24 = 0   (x – 6) (x + 4) = 0
x = 6 (not possible) , x = –4. x = 6 tks lEHko ugha gS vr% x = –4.
1
log (x2  x)
 3log32 (22 ) = 2
x
(ix) x2
log
 ( x) x
(x2  x) = 2
 x2 – x = 2  x2 – x – 2 = 0    (x – 2)(x + 1) = 0
 x = 2, x = –1 but ysfdu x > 0 and rFkk x2 – x = 0  x(x – 1) > 0
x  (–)  (1, )

Hindi. (i) logx(4x – 3) = 2  4x – 3 = x2  x2 – 4x + 3 = 0


 x – 4x + 3 = 0 
2
(x – 1)(x – 3) = 0  x = 1, x = 3
3
ysfdu 4x – 3 > 0  x> vkSj x > 0, x  1 
4
  Ans. x = 3
(ii) log2log3(x2 – 1) = 0  log3(x2 – 1) = 20 = 1  (x2 – 1) = 31
 x –1=3
2
 x =4 
2
x = ±2
lehdj.k lUrq"V gS
(iii) x2 – 2x – 3 = 0  (x – 3)(x + 1) = 0 x = 3, x = –1
ysfdu x > 0 
  Ans. x = 3

1 1
(iv) log 4 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 4 x) = 2 
log 2 (log 2 x) + log 2 [ log 2 x] = 2
2 2
1 3
log 2 (log 2 x) + log 2 (log 2 x) = 2  log 2 (log 2 x) = 3
2 2
log 2 (log 2 x) = 2 log 2 x = 4 x = 2 4 = 16
(v) log 4 log 3 log 2 x = 0  log 3 log 2 x = 1  log 2 x = 3
 x = 2 3   x = 8.
 1  1 1
(vi) log3  log9 x   9 x  = 2x  log 9 x + + 9 x = 3 2 x  log 9 x + + 9x = 9x
 2  2 2
1 1
 log 9 x = –   x = 9 – 1/ 2  x =
2 3

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(vii) 2 log 4 (4 – x) = 4 – log 2 (–2 – x)


(i) 4 – x > 0      x < 4
(ii) –2 – x > 0      x < –2
(iii) log 2 (4 – x) = 4 – log 2 (–2 – x)   log 2 (4 – x) (–2 – x) = 4
 (4 – x) (–2 – x) = 16    –8 – 2x + x 2 = 16
 x 2 – 2x – 24 = 0    (x – 6) (x + 4) = 0
x = 6 (not possible laHko ugha) , x = –4. x = 6 tks lEHko ugha gS vr% x = –4.
1
log (x2  x)
 3log32 (22 ) = 2
x
(ix) x2
log
 ( x ) x (x2  x) = 2
 x2 – x = 2  x2 – x – 2 = 0    (x – 2)(x + 1) = 0
 x = 2, x = –1 but ysfdu x > 0 and rFkk x2 – x = 0  x(x – 1) > 0
x  (–)  (1, )

I-2. (i) Find the product of roots of the equation


(log3x)2 – 2(log3x) – 5 = 0 Ans. 9
(ii) Find sum of roots of the equation 4x – 7.2x +6=0 Ans. log26
1
(iii) Solve for x : xlog10 x 2  10log10 x 2 Ans. 10 or
100
log10 x  5
(iv) Solve for x : x 3 = 105log10 x Ans. {10 5 , 103}

(i) lehdj.k (log3x)2 – 2(log3x) – 5 = 0 ds ewyksa dk xq.kuQy Kkr dhft,A Ans. 9


(ii) lehdj.k 4x – 7.2x + 6 = 0 ds ewyksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A Ans. log26
1
(iii) x ds fy, gy dhft, xlog10 x 2  10log10 x 2 Ans. 10 ;k
100
log10 x  5
(iv) lehdj.k x 3 = 105log10 x dks gy dhft,A Ans. {10 5 , 103}

Sol. (i) t2 – 2t – 5 = 0
sum of roots ewyksa dk ;ksx = 2
log3x1 + log3x2 = 2  log3(x1x2) = 2  x1x2 = 32 = 9
(ii) (2x)2 – 7(2x) + 6 = 0 
   t2 – 7t + 6 = 0
t = 1, t = 6
Roots ewy 2x = 1, 2x = 6
 x = 1, x = log26
Product of roots ewyksa dk x.ku = (1)(log26) = log26
log10 x 2 log10 x 2
(iii) x  10
1
x = 10 or log10x + 2 = 0  x = 10–2 =
100
log x  5
 log x  5 
(iv) x 3 = 105log x ;   log x = 5 + log x
 3 
log2 x + 2 log x – 15 = 0 ; (log x + 5)(log x – 3) = 0
log x = –5, log x = 3 ; x = 10–5 , x = 103.

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Section (J) : Logarithmic inequalities


[k.M (J) : y?kqx.kdh; vlfedk,sa
J-1. Solve the following inequalities
fuEu vlfedkvks a dks gy dhft,A

 3  1 1 3 
(i) log 5  2x 2  x    1 Ans.   2 ,  4    4 ,1
8 
8    
(ii) log 1 ( x2  5 x  6)  1 Ans. (1, 2) (3, 4)
2

2x  6  1
(iii) log7
2x  1
0 Ans.   , 
 2
 2 
(iv) log1/4(2 – x) > log1/4   Ans. (–1, 0)  (1, 2)
 x  1

(v) log1/3(2x+2 – 4x)  – 2 Ans. (–, 2)


 3 3 5
Sol. (i) log 5  2x 2  x    1  2x2 – x –   16x2 – 8x – 8  0 
8 
8 8 8
  2x2 – x – 1  0  (2x + 1)(x – 1)  0
 1 
x    , 1 ......(i)
 2 
3
also rFkk 2x2 – x – > 0 16x2 – 8x – 3 > 0
8
 16x2 – 12x + 4x – 3 > 0  (4x – 3)(4x + 1) > 0
 1   3 
 x   ,  ,1 .......(ii)
 4   4 
 1 1   3 
(i)  (ii)  x   ,     , 1
2 4  4 
(ii) x2 – 5x + 6 > 0  (x – 3)(x – 2) > 0 
   x  (–, 2)  (3, ) ......(i)
1
 1
and x2 – 5x + 6 <  
2
  x2 – 5x + 4 < 0  (x – 1)(x – 4) < 0  x (1, 4) .....(ii)
(i)  (ii)  x  (1, 2) (3, 4)

 2x  6  2x  6 2x  6
(iii) log7  0   70  1 0
 2x  1  2x  1 2x  1
5 1  1
  0  0  x   , 
2x  1 2x  1  2 
2x  6
and vkSj 0  
2x  1
 1
Ans.  , 2 
 

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2 2 2  x2  x  2
(iv) 2–x<  +x–2>0  0
x 1 x 1 x 1
x(x  1)
 0 
x 1
2
and vkSj 2 – x > 0  x<2 and vkSj 0  x > –1
x 1
Ans. (–1, 0)  (1, 2)

2
 1
(v) 22.2x – 4x     4.2x – (2x)2  9
3
Let ekuk 2 = t 
x t2 – 4t + 9  0 always true lnSo lR; gSA
2x+2 – 4x >0  2x.(4– 2x)
>0
4 – 2x > 0  2x < 2x
 x<2  x  (–, 2)
(vi) logx(4x – 3)  2
3
CasefLFkfr- 0<x<1 and vkSj 4x – 3 > 0  x>
4
then rc 4x – 3  x2  x2 – 4x + 3  0  (x – 3)(x – 1)  0
3 
 x   ,1
4 
3
Case fLFkfr- x > 1, 4x – 3 > 0  x>
4
then rc 4x – 3  x2  x – 4x + 3  0 
2

   (x – 3)(x – 1)  0  x (1,3]
3 
Ans. x   ,1  (1, 3]
4 

4x  6
J-2. Find the number of integers satisfying log1/5 0
x
4x  6
vlfedk log1/5  0 dks lUrq"V djus okys iw.kkZadksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
x
Ans. 1
4x  6
Sol. log 1 0
5
x
4x  6  3
>0  x   – ,    (0, )  ....(i)
x  2
4x  6 x2
& vkSj 1   0  x (–, – 2] (0, ) ....(ii)
x x
 –3 
(i) (ii) ls x   –2,
 2 

J-3 Solve the inequalities (vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,)


(i) (log.5x)2 + log.5x – 2  0
(ii) 15x – 25.3x – 9.5x + 225  0
 3x – 2 
x
2
(iii) 8.  x x 
>1+  
3 –2  3

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1 
Ans. (i)  ,4 
2 
(ii) R
(iii) (0, log 3 3 )
2
Sol. (i) –2  log.5x  1
1 
x  [(0.5)1, (0.5)–2]  x   ,4 
2 

(ii) 15x – 25 3x – 9.5x + 225 > 0


(5x – 25) (3x – 9)  0
xR

  3 x 
 
 3x 2  8   2  
x x
2 2
(iii) 8 x   1      1   
 3  2x
  3 9   3 x  3
  1 
2 
  
x
ekuk   = t then rc
3
Let
 2
8t t 1 8t 2  9(t 2  1)
>  >0
9(t  1) t 9t(t  1)
(t – 3)(t  3)
 < 0  t  (–3,0)  (1, 3)
t(t  1)
x
3
  2   (1,3)  x  (0, log 3 3 )
  2

J-4. Solve the following inequalities :


fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft, &
3 
(i) logx(4x – 3)  2 Ans.  4 , 1  1, 3 
 
1
(ii) log(3x2 1) 2 < Ans. (,  1)  (1, )
2
(iii) logx² (2 + x) < 1 Ans. x  (– 2, –1)  (– 1, 0)  (0, 1)  (2, )
Sol. (i) logx(4x – 3)  2
Case fLFkfr-I : When tc x > 1  4x – 3  x2  x2 – 4x + 3  0

 (x – 1)(x – 3)  0
x  (1, 3] .......(i)
CasefLFkfr-II : When tc 0< x < 1  4x – 3  x2
and vkSj 4x – 3 > 0  (x – 1)(x – 3)  0
3 
x > 3/4 x   ,1 ......(ii)
4 
Ans. (i)  (ii)
1
(ii) log3x2 1 2 
2
3x2 + 1 > 1   x2 > 0   x R – {0}
2 < (3x2 + 1)1/2  3x2 + 1 > 4  (x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
  x  (–, –1)  (1, )
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(iii) logx2 (x + 2) < 1 x+2>0 x>–2


Case -I : when 0 < x2 < 1 x  (–1, 0)  (0, 1)
then x + 2 > x2  x2 – x – 2 < 0

x  (1, 1) – {0}

Case -II : x2 > 1 |x| > 1


x + 2 < x 2  x2 – x – 2 > 0
x  (2,  1)  (2, )

Hence, x  (2,  1)  (1, 0)  (0, 1)  (2, )

1
Hindi. (i) log3x2 1 2 
2
3x2 + 1 > 1   x2 > 0   x R – {0}
2
2 < (3x + 1) 1/2  3x2 + 1 > 4  (x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
  x  (–, –1)  (1, )
(ii) logx2 (x + 2) < 1 x+2>0 x>–2
fLFkfr-I : ;fn 0 < x2 < 1 x  (–1, 0)  (0, 1)
rc x + 2 > x2 x2 – x – 2 < 0

x  (1, 1) – {0}

fLFkfr-II : ;fn x2 > 1 |x| > 1


rc x + 2 < x x – x – 2 > 0
2 2

x  (2,  1)  (2, )

vr%, x  (2,  1)  (1, 0)  (0, 1)  (2, )

Section (K) : Miscellaneous Modulus Equations & Inequations


[k.M (K) : fofo/k ekikadh; lehdj.k ,oa vlehdk,sa
K-1. Write the following expression in appropriate intervals so that they are bereft of modulus sign
uhps fn;s x;s O;atdksa dks vUrjky ds :i esa fyf[k;s tks ekikad jfgr gks
2
 4x 5
(i) |log10x| + |2x–1 – 1| (ii) |(log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2| (iii) | 5x  25 |
Ans+Sol. (i) log10x + 2x – 1 – 1 x1
–(log10x + 2x–1 – 1) 0<x<1
(ii) (log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2 x  (0, 2]  [4, )
–((log2x)2 – 3(log2x) + 2 ) x  (2, 4)
2
 4x 5
(iii) 5x  25 x  (–, 1]  [3, )
x2  4x 5
25  5 x  (1, 3)

K-2. Solve the equations log100 l x + y l = 1/2 , log10y – log10|x| = log1004 for x and y.
lehdj.kksa log100 l x + y l = 1/2, log10y – log10|x| = log1004 dks gy djds x ,oa y ds eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. x = 10/3, y = 20/3 & x = – 10, y = 20
1
Sol. log100 |x + y| =
2
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|x + y| = 10
this gives x + y = 10 .....(i)
or x + y = – 10 .....(ii)
y
log10 y – log10 |x| = log1004  =2
|x|
for x < 0, we get y = – 2x .....(ii)
for x > 0, we get y = 2x .....(iv)
on solving (i) and (iii), we get x = – 10, y = 20 and
10 20
on solving (i) and (iv), we get x = ,y=
3 3
1
Hindi log100 |x + y| =  |x + y| = 10
2
 x + y = 10 .....(i)
;k x + y = – 10 .....(ii)
y
,oa log10 y – log10 |x| = log1004  =2
|x|
x < 0 ds fy, y = – 2x .....(ii)
x > 0 ds fy, y = 2x .....(iv)
(i) vkSj (iii), dks gy djus ij x = – 10, y = 20 vkSj
10 20
(i) vkSj (iv) dks gy djus ij x = ,y=
3 3

K-3. If |x + 2| + y = 5 and x – |y| = 1 then the value of (x + y) is


;fn |x + 2| + y = 5 rFkk x – |y| = 1 rc x + y dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4

Sol. |x + 2| + y = 5 for x < –2


we get –x + y = 7 ...(1)
& for x  –2
we get x + y = 3 ...(2)
x – |y| = 1 for y < 0
we get x + y = 1 ...(3)
& for y  0
we get x – y = 1 ...(4)
solving (2) & (4)
x=2&y=1
Hindi |x + 2| + y = 5
x < –2 ds fy,
–x + y = 7 ...(1)
vkSj x  –2 ds fy,
x+y=3 ...(2)
x – |y| = 1
y < 0 ds fy,
x+y=1 ...(3)
vkSj y  0 ds fy,
x–y=1 ...(4)
lehdj.k (2) o (4) dks gy djus ij
x = 2 rFkk y = 1

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K-4. Solve the inequality vlfedk dks gy dhft,


 1
(i) (log2x)2 – |(log2x) – 2|  0 Ans. x   0,   2,  
 4
 1
(ii) 2 | log3x | + log3x  3 Ans.  0, 27   3,  
 
x
(iii). Find the complete solution set of 2x  2  2 2
x
2x  2  2 2 dk lEiw.kZ gy leqPp; Kkr dhft,A
1
Ans. ( ,log2 ( 2  1)]   , )
2
Sol. (i) Let ekuk log2x = t
t – |t – 2|  0
2

CasefLFkfr- t2
t2 – t + 2  0  tR
Hence vr% t  [2, )
CasefLFkfr- t2
t +t–20
2
 (t + 2)(t – 1)  0
 t  (–, –2][1, 2)
Hence vr% t  (–, –2][1, 2)
From CasefLFkfr- & CasefLFkfr- t  (–, –2][1, )
 1
 log2x  (–, –2][1, )  x   0,   2,  
 4
(ii) Let log3x  0  x1
Inequation become log3x  1  x3
If log3x  0  x  [0, 1]
1  1
Inequation becomes –log3x  3  0<x so x   0,    3,  
27  27 
ekuk log3x  0  x1
vlfedk log3x  1  x3
;fn log3x  0  x  [0, 1]

blfy, x   0,
1 1
vlfedk –log3x  3  0<x   3,  
27  27 
1
(iii) CasefLFkfr-I : x 0  2x+1  23/2  x
2
CasefLFkfr-II : x  0  2x + 2–x  23/2
Let ekuk 2x = y  y  y2 –2 2 y + 1  0
2 2 2
 y= or ;k 2x  2 + 1 (projected as x < 0)  x  log2( 2  1 )
2
3 x2  10 x  3
K-5. Find the number of real solution(s) of the equation x  3 =1
2
3 x  10 x  3
lehdj.k x  3 = 1 ds okLrfod gyksa dh la[;k gS &
Ans. 3
3 x2  10 x  3
Sol. x3 =1
|x – 3| = 1 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0
x – 3 = 1 & x – 3 = –1 3x2 – 9x – x + 3 = 0
x=4 & x=2 (3x – 1)(x – 3) = 0

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1
x= ,3
3
but x  3
 three real solutions.
3 x2  10 x  3
Hindi. x3 =1
;k rks |x – 3| = 1 ;k 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0
 x – 3 = 1 vkSj x – 3 = –1  3x2 – 9x – x + 3 = 0
 x = 4 vkSj x = 2  (3x – 1)(x – 3) = 0
1
     x= ,3
3
ysfdu x  3
vr% rhu okLrfod gy gksxsaA

K-6. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then find the value of |x + y|
;fn lehdj.k 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7 ds iw.kk±d gy x, y gks] rks |x + y| dk eku gS &
Ans. 4
Sol. 2x2 – 4xy + xy – 2y2 = 7
2x (x – 2y) + y(x – 2y) = 7
(x – 2y) (2x + y) = 7
x, y are integers   x – 2y, 2x + y are also integers
Four cases are possible
Case I x – 2y = 1, 2x + y = 7  x = 3, y = 1
|x + y| = 4
9
Case II x – 2y = 7, 2x + y = 1  x= rejected
5
Case III x – 2y = –1, 2x + y = –7
 x = –3, y = –1
|x + y| = 4
9
Case IV x – 2y = –7, 2x + y = –1  x = – rejected
5
Hence |x + y| = 4
Hindi 2x2 – 4xy + xy – 2y2 = 7
2x (x – 2y) + y(x – 2y) = 7
(x – 2y) (2x + y) = 7
x, y iw.kk±d gSa   x – 2y, 2x + y Hkh iw.kk±d gSa
pkj fLFkfr;k¡ laHko gS
fLFkfr I x – 2y = 1, 2x + y = 7  x = 3, y = 1
|x + y| = 4
9
fLFkfr II x – 2y = 7, 2x + y = 1  x= ¼fujLr½
5
fLFkfr III x – 2y = –1, 2x + y = –7
 x = –3, y = –1
|x + y| = 4
9
fLFkfr IV x – 2y = –7, 2x + y = –1  x=– ¼fujLr½
5
vr% |x + y| = 4

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K-7. If x, |x + 1|, |x – 1| are three terms of an A.P., then find the number of possible values of x

Ans. 2
;fn x, |x + 1|, |x – 1| fdlh lekUrj Js<+h ds rhu in gks] rks x ds lEHkkfor ekuksa dh la[;k gksxh–
Sol. since x , |x + 1|, |x – 1| are in A.P.
so 2 |x + 1| = x + |x – 1| .... (i)
Case-I If x < – 1, then (i) becomes
3
– 2 (x + 1) = x – (x – 1)  x =–
2
Case-II If –1  x  1, then (i) becomes
1 1 3
2 (x + 1) = x – (x – 1)  x = – 1/2 then series – , ,
2 2 2
Case-III If x  1, then (i) becomes
2 (x + 1) = x + x – 1
2 = – 1 impossible.
Hindi p¡wfd x , |x + 1|, |x – 1| lekUrj Js<h esa gSA
so 2 |x + 1| = x + |x – 1| .... (i)
Case-I ;fn x < – 1, rks (i) gksxk
3
– 2 (x + 1) = x – (x – 1)  x =–
2
Case-II ;fn –1  x  1, rc (i) gksxk
2 (x + 1) = x – (x – 1)  x = – 1/2
1 1 3
rks Js<h gS – , ,
2 2 2
Case-III
;fn x  1, rc (i) gksxk
2 (x + 1) = x + x – 1
2 = – 1 laHko ugha

x
(v) x2  7x  10 + 9 log4    2x + 14x  20  2x2 – 13 Ans. x=2
8
(v) x2 – 7x + 10  0 and 14x – 20 – 2x2  0
(x – 2) (x – 5)  0 and (x – 2) (x – 5)  0 .......(i)
so x = 2 or x = 5
now check for x = 2
 1
9 log4    – 9
4
–9–9
which is true hence x = 2 is a solution
now check x = 5
9 5
log    – 3
2 8
5 2
log2    –
8 3
(1.6)3  4
4.096  4
which is false
so only solution is x = 2

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Hindi (v) x2 – 7x + 10  0 ,oa 14x – 20 – 2x2  0


(x – 2) (x – 5)  0 ,oa (x – 2) (x – 5)  0 ......(i)
vr% x = 2 ;k x = 5
x = 2 ds fy, tk¡p djus ij
 1
9 log4    – 9
4
–9–9
tksfd lR; gS vr% x = 2 ,d gy gSA
vc x = 5 ds fy, tk¡p djus ij
9 5
log    – 3
2 8
5 2
log2    –
8 3
(1.6)3  4
4.096  4
tksfd vlR; gSA
vr% dsoy x = 2 gy gSA

Section (L) : Trigonometric Equations


[k.M (L) : f=kdks.kfefr lehdj.ksa
L-1. Solve the following equation
lehdj.k dks gy dhft,A
  
(i) 5 cos2 + 2cos2 + 1 = 0, – <  <
2 2 2
(ii) sin7 + sin4 + sin = 0 , 0    
(iii) tan + sec  = 3 , 0   2
    3 2 4 8 
Ans. (i) , (ii) 0, , , , , , , (iii) 
3 3 4 2 4 9 9 9 6
Sol. (i) 5cos2 + 1 + cos  + 1 = 0
 10 cos2  + cos  – 3 = 0
1 3
 cos = and (reject) vLohdk;Z
2 5
 
 = ,
3 3
(ii) sin4 + 2sin4 × cos3 = 0
1
 sin4 = 0 or cos3 =
2
  
 4 = 0, , 2, 3, 4 or ;k 3 =  – ,  + , 3 –
3 3 3
  3 2 4 8
  = 0, , , , , , ,
4 2 4 9 9 9
1 2 1  7
(iii) sec – tan =  2tan =  tan =  = , (Reject) Lohdk;Z
3 3 3 6 6

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L-2. Find the most general solution of the following


fuEu dk O;kid gy Kkr dhft,
(i) sin6x = sin4x – sin2x (ii) sec4x – sec2x = 2
   
(iii) tan   x  + tan  – x  = 2
4  4 
n 
Ans. (i) x = or ;k x = m± where tgk¡ m,nI
4 6

(ii) x = (2n+1) where tgk¡ n  (iii) x = m, m
10
Sol. (i) sin6x + sin2x – sin4x =0
2sin4x cos2x – sin4x = 0
1
 sin 4x = 0 or cos2x =
2

 4x = n or ;k 2x = 2m ± where tgk¡ m,nI
3
n 
 x= or ;k x = m± where tgk¡ m,nI
4 6

(ii) cos2x – cos4x = 2cos2x cos4x  cos2x –cos4x = cos6x + cos2x


 cos6x + cos4x = 0  2 cos5x cosx = 0  cos 5x = 0 or cosx = 0
 
 5x = (2n+1) or ;k x = (2m+1) where tgk¡ m, n 
2 2
 
 x = (2n+1) or ;k x = (2m+1) where tgk¡ m,n 
10 2
1  tan x 1  tan x
(iii)  2
1  tan x 1  tan x
2(1  tan2 x)
 2  cos2x = 1  2x = 2m, mI  x = m, m
1  tan2 x

L-3. Solve the following inequations


vlfedkvksa dks gy dhft,A
(i) (sinx – 2) (2sinx–1) < 0 (ii) (2cosx – 1) (cosx)  0
(iii) sinx + 3 cosx  1 (iv) cos2x + sinx  2
(v) 2
tan x > 3
 5     
Ans. (i) x   6  2n, 6  2n  (ii) x  [ +2n, + 2n]  [ +2n, + 2n]
n   nI 2 3 3 2
        
(iii) x  [– +2n, 2n ] (iv) x R (v) x   –  2n,–  2n     2n,  2n 
nI 6 2 n  2 3   3 2 
1  5 
Sol. (i) sinx > x  6  2n, 6  2n 
2 n  
1
(ii) (2cosx–1) cosx  0 cosx[0, ]
2

   
2 3 3 2

   
 x  [ +2n, + 2n]  [ +2n, + 2n]
nI 2 3 3 2
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(iii) sinx + 3 cosx  1


 1
 sin (x+ ) 
3 2
  5
 x+   [ +2n, +2n]
3 nI 6 6
 
 x  [– +2n, 2n ]
nI 6 2

(iv) cos2x + sinx  2


 sin2x – sinx + 1  0
xR

(v) tanx  (–,  3 )  ( 3 , )


      
x  – 2  2n,– 3  2n    3  2n, 2  2n 
n    
L-4 Find the number of solution of the following equation
lehdj.k ds gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
x
(i) |sinx| = (ii) n|x| = sinx
10
Ans. (i) 11
(ii) 6
y=|sinx| x
y=
10
Sol. (i)
–3 –2 – 0  2 3

(ii) –1 1
–3 –2 0 2 3

L-5. Solve the inequation vlfedk dks gy dhft,A


1
1
y2 – y  1
2
2 cos x
2
1
Ans. y= and vkSj x = nwhere tgk¡ n 
2
2
 1 11 1
y – 2  4  2
2
Sol. 2sec x
 2 and vkSj y2 – y  =
  2
1
 LHS  1  LHS = 1 which is at y = and sec 2 x = 1
2
1 1
 LHS  1  LHS = 1 tks fd y = vkSj sec 2 x = 1 ij gSA y= and vkSj x = nwhere tgk¡ n 
2 2
Section (M) : Graphs of polynomial
[k.M (M) cgqin ds vkjs[k
M-1. Draw the graph of following function
fuEu Qyuksa ds vkjs[k cukb;s &
(i) y = 4x3 – 30x2 + 72x – 55 (ii) y = x3 + x2 + x – 3
(iii) y = x4 – 8x3 + 22x2 – 24x + 8.5 (iv) y = x4 – 6x2 – 8x + 13
(v) y = x4 – 4x3 + 8x2 – 8x – 21

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(2,1)

(1,0)
Ans. (i) (ii)

• •(0,–3)
• (0,–55) (3,–1)

(0, 8.5)
(2,1/2)
• • (0,13)
(iii) (iv) (–1,16)
• • x
(2,-11)
• •
(1,–1/2) (3,–1/2)

(v)

(0,–21)
(1,–24)

dy
Sol. (i) = 12x2 – 60x + 72 = 0  x = 2, 3
dx
Now at x = 2, y is 1 and at x = 3, y is – 1
x = 2 ij, y =1 gS rFkk x = 3 ij y = – 1 gS

(2,1)


• (0,–55) (3,–1)

dy
(ii) = 3x2 + 2x +1 > 0
dx

(1,0)

•(0,–3)

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dy
(iii) = 4x3 – 24x2 + 44x – 24 = 0  x = 1,2,3
dx
1 1 1
Now at x = 1 , y is – ; at x = 2, y is and at x = 3, y is –
2 2 2
1 1 1
x = 1 ij , y = – ; gS x = 2 ij y = gS x = 3 rFkk, y = –
2 2 2

(0, 8.5)
(2,1/2)

• •
• •
(1,–1/2) (3,–1/2)

dy
(iv) = 4x3 – 12x – 8 = 0  x = –1,–1,2
dx
y

• (0,13)
(–1,16)
x
(2,–11)

dy
(v) = 4x3 – 12x2 + 16x – 8 = 0  x = 1 , x = 1 + i, x = 1 – i
dx
Now at x = 1 , y = – 24
x = 1 ij , y = – 24

M-2. Find the number of solution of the following equation x 4 – 6x2 – 8x – 3 = 0


lehdj.k x4 – 6x2 – 8x – 3 = 0 ds gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
Sol. Let ekuk f(x) = x4 – 6x2 – 8x – 3
Now vc f'(x) = 4x3 – 12x –8 = 0  x = – 1, – 1, 2
f(–1) = 0, f(2) = – 27
y

(–1,0))

(2,–27)

 two solutions nks gy

M-3. Find the range of '' for which equation x3 + x2 – x – 1 –  = 0 has 3 real solution.
'' dk ifjlj Kkr dhft, tcfd x3 + x2 – x – 1 –  = 0 ds rhu okLrfod gy gS
 –32 
Ans.  27 ,0 
 
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Sol. Let ekuk f(x) = x3 + x2 – x – 1 – 


1
f'(x) = 3x2 + 2x – 1 = 0  x = – 1,
3
–32  32 
f(–1) = –  , f(1/3) = –  (–)  –  – <0
27  27 
 –32 
  ,0 
 27 

Section (N) : Transformation of curves


[k.M (N) : oØks dk :ikUrj.k
N-1. Draw the graph of followings —
fuEufyf[kr oØksa ds vkys[k [khafp,&
(i) y = – |x + 2| (ii) y = | | x – 1 | – 2|
(iii) |y| + x = – 1

Ans (i) (ii)

(iii)

N-2. Draw the graphs of the following curves :


fuEufyf[kr oØksa ds vkys[k [khafp,&
1 y
(i) y= – (ii) =–1 (iii) |y – 3| = |x – 1|
| 2x  1| | x | 1
| x 2 – 1|
(iv) y= nx
(x 2 – 1)

Ans. (i) (ii)

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(iii) (iv)

N-3. Draw the graph of y = log1/2 (1 – x).


y = log1/2 (1 – x) dk vkjs[k [khpha,A

Ans.

N-4. Find the set of values of  for which the equation |x2 – 4|x| – 12| =  has 6 distinct real roots.
 dk ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, lehdj.k |x2 – 4|x| – 12| =  ds 6 fHkUu&fHkUu okLrfod ewy gSA
Ans.  (12, 16)

Sol.

Hence for 6 distinct real roots (12, 16)


vr% 6 fHkUu&fHkUu okLrfod ewyksa ds fy, (12, 16)

N-5. If y = f(x) has following graph


;fn y = f(x) dk vkys[k fuEukuqlkj gks] &

Then draw the graph of rc vkjs[k [khfpa,A


(i) y = |f(x)|
(ii) y = f(|x|)
(iii) y = f(– |x|)
(iv) y  | f ( |x| ) |

Ans. (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

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N-6. Find the number of roots of equation


lehdj.kksa ds ewyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
(i) 3|x|– |2 – |x|| = 1 Ans. 2
(ii) x + 1 = x · 2x Ans. 2

Sol. (i) 3|x| = 1 + ||x| – 2|

(ii)

1 + = 2x
Draw graphs of both sides. nksuksa rjQ dk vkjs[k

N-7. Find values of k for which the equation |x 2 – 1| + x = k has


k dk eku gksxk tcfd lehdj.k |x2 – 1| + x = k j[krk gSA
(i) 4 solution gy (ii) 3 solutions gy (iii) 1 solution gy (iv) 2 solutions gy
 5 5
Ans. (i) k   1,  (ii) k = 1,
 4 4
5 
(iii) k=–1 (iv) k      (–1, 1)
4 
Sol. Graph of f(x) = |x2 – 1| + x is f(x) = x2 – 1 + x
f(x) dk vkjs[k = |x2 – 1| + x , f(x) = x2 – 1 + x
1 5
 2, 4 
  f(x)=x2–1+x
2
f(x)=x –1+x
(1, 1)

2
f(x)=–x –1+x

(–1,–1)
 x 2  x  1 x  (– ,–1]  [1, )
f(x) =  2
 –x  x  1 x  [–1,1]

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N-8. If graph of y = (x – 1)(x – 2) is


;fn y = (x – 1)(x – 2) dk vkjs[k gS

(0,2)
1 2

–1/4

then draw the graph of the following


rc fuEu dk vkjs[k [khph,sa
(i) y = |(x – 1) (x – 2)| (ii) |y| = (x – 1) (x – 2)
(iii) y = (|x| – 1) (|x| – 2) (iv) y = |(|x| – 1) (|x| – 2)|
(v) |y| = |(|x| – 1) (|x| – 2)|

(0,2)
1

Ans/Sol. (i) 4

(1,0) (2,0)

(0,2)

(1,0) (2,0)
(ii)

(0,–2)

(0,2)

(iii) (–1,0) (–1,0)


1
(–2,0) – (2,0)
4

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(0,2)

1

(iv) 4

(–2,0) (–1,0) (1,0) (2,0)

(0,2)

(–1,0) (1,0)
(v) (–2,0) (2,0)

(0,–2)

N-9. Let graph of y = f(x) is


ekuk y = f(x) dk vkjs[k gS &

(–6,2) (6,2)
(0,2)
(1,1) (2,1)
(–1,1)
(7,0)

(–4,0) (–2,0) (3,0) (5,0)


(–3,–1) (4,–1) (8,–1)
1
Now draw the graph of following vc fuEu dk vkjs[k [khph,sa
(i) y = 2f (–x) (ii) y =f (|x + 1|) (iii) y = – f(|x| + 1)

(–6,4) (0,4)
(6,4)
(–2, 2)
(–1, 2) (2, 0)
(–7,0)
Ans/Sol. (i) (–5, 0) (–3, 0) (4, 0)

(–8,–2) (–4,–2) (3,–2)

(–1, 2) (5, 2)
(–7, 2)
(–3, 1) (0, 1) (1, 1)
(–2, 1)
(ii) (6, 0)
(–8, 0) (–6, 0) (–4, 0) (2, 0) (4, 0)

(–9, –1) (–5, –1) (3, –1) (7, –1)

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(–7, 1) (–3, 1) (3, 1) (7, 1)

(–6, 0) (–4, 0) (–2, 0) (2, 0) (4, 0)


(iii)
(6, 0)
(–1, –1) (1, –1)
(–5, –2) (5, –2)

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.


 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
oLrqfu"B iz'u ¼OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

1. Which of the following are true ?


fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS ?
(A*) [3, 7]  (2, 10) (B) (0, )  (4, ) (C) (5, 7]  [5, 7) (D) [2, 7]  (2.9, 8)
Sol. Obvious Li"Vr;k

2. The shaded region in the given figure is


fn;s x;s fp=k esa Nka;kfdr Hkkx n'kkZrk gS &

(A) A  (B  C) (B) A  (B  C) (C) A  (B – C) (D*) A – (B  C)


Sol. Obviously (Lor%) A – (B C)

3. Consider the following statements :


1. N  (B  Z) = (N B) Z for any subset B of R, where N is the set of positive integers, Z is
the set of integers, R is the set of real numbers.
2. Let A = {n  N : 1  n  24, n is a multiple of 3}. There exists no subset B of N such that the
number of elemets in A is equal to the number of elements in B.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(A*) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2
ekuk fd dFku :
1. R ds fdlh mileqPp; B ds fy, N  (B  Z) = (N B) Z tgk¡ N /kukRed iw.kkZadksa dk leqPp; gS vkSj
Z iw.kkZadks dk leqPp; gS, R okLrfod la[;kvksa dk leqPp; gSA
2. ekuk A = {n  N : 1  n  24, n,3 dk xq.kt gSA} N dk bl izdkj dk dksbZ mileqPp; B ugha gS ftlesa A
esa vo;oksa dh la[;k] B esa vo;oksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj gSA
rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gS?
(A*) dsoy 1 (B) dsoy 2 (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2

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Sol. 1. (N  B)  Z = (N  Z)  (B Z) = N (B Z)


2. A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24}

4. Which of the following venn-diagrams best represents the sets of females, mothers and doctors ?
fuEu esa dkSulk osu&vkjs[k leqPp; efgyk,a] ekrk,a] fpfdRldksa ds fy, lcls vf/kd mi;qDr gS&

(A) (B) (C) (D*)

Sol. M  Mother ekrk ; F  Female efgyk ; D = Doctor Mk¡DVj

5. In a college of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read by 60
students. The number of newspaper is-
(A) at least 30 (B) at most 20 (C*) exactly 25 (D) exactly 30
,d dkWyst esa Nk=kksa dh la[;k 300 gS] izR;sd Nk=k 5 v[kckj i<rk gS rFkk izR;sd v[kckj dks 60 Nk=kksa }kjk i<+k
tkrk gSA rc v[kckjksa dh la[;k gksxh &
(A) de ls de 30 (B) vf/kdre 20 (C*) Bhd 25 (D) Bhd 30
Sol. Let number of newspapers is x. 
As every newspaper is read by 60 students
Since, every students reads 5 newspapers  60x = 300(5)  x = 25.
Hindi. ekuk v[kckjksa dh la[;k x gSA
 izR;sd v[kckj dks 60 Nk=kksa }kjk i<+k tkrk gS
rFkk izR;sd Nk=k 5 v[kckj i<+rk gS  60x = 300(5)   x = 25.

6. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families buy
newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3 % buy B and C and 4%
buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three news papers, then number of families which buy
newspaper A only is
;fn fdlh 'kgj ds 10,000 ifjokjksa esa ls 40% ifjokj lekpkj i=k A, 20% ifjokj lekpkj i=k B, 10% ifjokj
lekpkj i=k C rFkk 5% ifjokj A vkSj B, 3 % ifjokj B vkSj C rFkk 4% ifjokj A vkSj C dks [kjhnrs gSa o 2%
ifjokj lHkh rhu lekpkj i=k [kjhnrs gS] rks mu ifjokjksa dh la[;k D;k gksxh tks dsoy lekpkj i=k A [kjhnrsa gSa&
(A) 3100 (B*) 3300 (C) 2900 (D) 1400
Sol. n (A) = 40% of 10,000 = 4,000
n(B) = 20% of 10,000 = 2,000
n(C) = 10% of 10,000 = 1,000
n(A  B) = 5% of 10,000 = 500
n(B  C) = 3% of 10,000 = 300
n(C  A) = 4% of 10,000 = 400
n(A  B  C) = 2% of 10,000 = 200
n(A  Bc  Cc) = n[A  (B  C)c]
= n(A) – n[A  (B  C)] = n(A) – n [(A  B) (A  C)]= n (A) – [n (A  B) + n (A  C) – n (A  B  C)]
= 4000 – [500 + 400 – 200] = 4000 – 700 = 3300.
Sol. n (A) = 10,000 dk 40% = 4,000
n(B) = 10,000 dk 20% = 2,000
n(C) = 10,000 dk 10% = 1,000
n(A  B) = 10,000 dk 5% = 500
n(B  C) = 10,000 dk 3% = 300
n(C  A) = 10,000 dk 4% = 400
n(A  B  C) = 10,000 dk 2% = 200
n(A  Bc  Cc) = n[A  (B  C)c]
= n(A) – n[A  (B  C)] = n(A) – n [(A  B) (A  C)]
= n (A) – [n (A  B) + n (A  C) – n (A  B  C)]
= 4000 – [500 + 400 – 200] = 4000 – 700 = 3300.
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7. Let A1, A2 and A3 be subsets of a set X. Which one of the following is correct ?
(A*) A1  A2  A3 is the smallest subset of X containing elements of each of A1, A2 and A3
(B) A1  A2  A3 is the smallest subset of X containing either A1 or A2  A3 but not both
(C) The smallest subset of X containing A1  A2 and A3 equals the smallest subset of X containing
both A1 and A2  A3 only if A2 = A3
(D) None of these
ekuk A1, A2 vkSj A3 leqPp; X ds mileqPp; gSa A fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS?
(A*) A1  A2  A3 , leqPp; X dk lcls NksVk mileqPp; gS tks A1, A2 vkSj A3 izR;sd ds vo;oksa dks j[krk gSA
(B) A1  A2  A3, leqPp; X dk lcls NksVk mileqP;; gS tks ;k rks A1 ;k A2  A3 dks j[krk gS ijUrq nksuksa
dks ughaA
(C) X dk lcls NksVk mileqPp; tks A1  A2 rFkk A3 rFkk X dk lcls NksVk mileqPp; gS tks A1 vkSj A2 
A3 nksuksa dks j[krk gS] leku gksx
a sa dsoy ;fn A2 = A3
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. A1 A2  A3 is the smallest element containing subset of all we set A1, A2 and A3
Hindi. A1 A2  A3 lcls NksVk leqPp; gS tks A1, A2 vkSj A3 ds lHkh ds mileqPp; dks j[krk gSA

8. Let A, B, C be distinct subsets of a universal set U. For a subset X of U, let X ' denote the complement
of X in U.
Consider the following sets :
1. ((A  B) C) B) = B  C
2. (A   B )(A  B C) = (A (B  C))
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only (B*) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2
ekuk fd lkoZfu"B leqPp; U ds fHkUu&fHkUu mileqPp;ksa A, B, C gSA U ds mileqPp; X ds fy,] ekuk X ', U es X
ds iwjd leqPp; dks O;Dr djrk gSA
ekuk fd fuEu leqPp; :
1. ((A  B) C) B) = B  C
2. (A   B )(A  B C) = (A (B  C))
fuEu es ls dkSuls dFku lgh gS ?
(A) dsoy 1 (B*) dsoy 2 (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
Sol. 1. ((A  B)  C) B)
  = (A  B)  C)  B
  = (A  B)  B  C
  =BCBC
2. (A  B) (A B C)
= (A B) ((A B) C)
= ((A B) C)
= ((A B) C)
= (A (B C))

9. Let U be set with number of elements in U is 2009.
Consider the following statements :
 If A, B are subsets of U with n (A  B) = 280, then n(A B) = x13 + x 32 = y13 + y 32
for some positive integers x1, x2 y1, y2
 If A is a subset of U with n (A) = 1681 and out of these 1681 elements, exactly 1075 elements
belong to a subset B of U  then n (A – B) = m2 + p1 p2 p3 for some positive integer m and distinct primes
p1, p2, p3
Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?
(A) I only (B) II only (C*) Both I and II (D) Neither I nor II.

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ekuk U ,d leqPp; ftlesa vo;oksa dh la[;k 2009 gSA


ekukfd fuEu dFku :
 ;fn A, B, U ds mileqPp; gSa ftuesa n (A  B) = 280 rc n(A B) = x13 + x 32 = y13 + y 32
/kukRed iw.kkZadks x1, x2 y1, y2 ds fy,
 ;fn A,U dk mileqPp; gS ftlesa n (A) = 1681 vkSj bu 1681 vo;oksa esa ls, Bhd 1075 vo;o] Uds
mileqPp B dks j[krk gS rc n (A – B) = m2 + p1 p2 p3 fdlh /kukRed iw.kkZad m vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu vHkkT; la[;k,sa
dsoy p1, p2, p3 ds fy,
fuEu esa ls dkSuls dFku lgh gS\
(A) dsoy I (B) dsoy II (C*) I vkSj II nksuksa (D) u rks I vkSj u gh II.
Sol. n(A  B) = 280
n(A`  B`) = 2009 – n(A B)
= 2009 – 280 = 1729 = 123 + 13 = 103 + 93
n(A – B) = 1681 – 1075 = 606
= 4 + 2 × 301 = 4 + 2 × 7 × 43
= (2) 2 + 2 × 7 × 43

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10. Consider the following statements :


1. If A = {(x, y)  [R × R : x3 + y3 = 1] and B = {(x, y)  [R : x – y = 1]}, then A  B contains exactly one
elements.
2. If A = {(x, y)  [R × R : x3 + y3 = 1] and B = {(x, y)  [R : x + y = 1]}, then A  B contains exactly two
elements.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C*) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 and 2
ekuk dh dFku :
1. ;fn A = {(x, y)  [R × R : x3 + y3 = 1] vkSj B = {(x, y)  [R : x – y = 1]}, rc A  B, Bhd ,d vo;o j[krk
gSA
2. ;fn A = {(x, y)  [R × R : x3 + y3 = 1] vkSj B = {(x, y)  [R : x + y = 1]}, rc A B Bhd nks vo;o j[krk gSA
fuEu es ls dkSulk dFku lgh gS ?
(A) dsoy 1 (B) dsoy 2 (C*) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
Sol. x3 + (x–1)3 = 1
x3 + x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1 = 1
2x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
(x–1)(2x2 – x + 2) = 0
x=1
y = 0 (1, 0)
Statement 1 is True dFku 1 lR; gSA
Statement dFku 2 :
X3 + (1 – x)3 = 1  X3 + 1 – 3x + 3x2 – x3 = 1
 x2 – x = 0
x = 0, 1 (0, 1) (1, 0)
11. In a class of 42 students, the number of students studying different subjects are 23 in Mathematics, 24
in Physics, 19 in Chemistry, 12 in Mathematics and Physics 9 in Mathematics and Chemistry, 7 in
Physics and Chemistry and 4 in all the three subjects. The number of students who have taken exactly
one subject is
fdlh d{kk ds 42 Nk=kksa esa ls fHkUu&fHkUu fo"k;ksa es ls 23 Nk=k xf.kr] 24 HkkSfrdh] 19 jlk;u] 12 xf.kr vkSj HkkSfrdh]
9 xf.kr vkSj jlk;u] 7 HkkSfrdh vkSj jlk;u rFkk 4 lHkh rhuksa fo"k; i<+rs gSa] rks Bhd ,d fo"k; i<+us okys Nk=kksa dh
la[;k gS&
(A) 15 (B) 30 (C*) 22 (D) 27
Sol. n(M) = 23, n(P) = 24, n(C) = 19
n(M  P) = 12, n(M  C) = 9, n(P C) = 7
n(M  P  C) = 4
n (M  P  C) = n[M  (P  C)]
= n(M) – n(M (P  C))
= n(M) – n[(M  P)  (M  C)]
= n(M) – n(M  P) – n(M C) + n(M  P  C)
= 23 – 12 – 9 + 4 = 27 – 21 = 6
n(P  M  C) = n[P  (M  C)]
= n(P) – n[P  (M  C) = n(P) – n [P M) (P C)]
 = n(P) – n(P M) – n(P  C) + n(P  M  C)
= 24 – 12 – 7 + 4 = 9
n(C  M  P) = n(C) – n(C  P) – n(C  M) + n(C P M) 
 = 19 – 7 – 9 + 4 = 23 – 16 = 7
Hindi. n(M) = 23, n(P) = 24, n(C) = 19
n(M  P) = 12, n(M  C) = 9, n(P C) = 7
n(M  P  C) = 4
n (M  P  C) = n[M  (P  C)]
= n(M) – n(M (P  C))
= n(M) – n[(M  P)  (M  C)]
= n(M) – n(M  P) – n(M C) + n(M  P  C)
= 23 – 12 – 9 + 4 = 27 – 21 = 6
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n(P  M  C) = n[P  (M  C)]


= n(P) – n[P  (M  C) = n(P) – n [P M) (P C)]
 = n(P) – n(P M) – n(P  C) + n(P  M  C)
= 24 – 12 – 7 + 4 = 9
n(C  M  P) = n(C) – n(C  P) – n(C  M) + n(C P M) 
 = 19 – 7 – 9 + 4 = 23 – 16 = 7
12. In an examination of a certain class, at least 70% of the students failed in Physics, at least 72% failed in
Chemistry, at least 80% failed in Mathematics and at least 85% failed in English. How many at least
must have failed in all the four subjects ?
(A) 9% (B*) 7%
(C) 15% (D) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data
,d d{kk dh ijh{kk esa HkkSfrdh esa de ls de 70% fo|kFkhZ Qsy gksrs gS] de ls de 72% fo|kFkhZ jlk;u esa Qsy
gksrs gS] de ls de 80% fo|kFkhZ xf.kr esa Qsy gksrs gS vkSj de ls de 85% fo|kFkhZ vxzsath esa Qsy gksrs gS rc de
ls de bu lHkh pkjks fo"k;ksa esa fdrus fo|kFkhZ Qsy gksrs gS?
(A) 9% (B*) 7%
(C) 15% (D) vi;kZIr vkdM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Sol.
70 + 72 – t1 = 100
t1 = 42%  min. in P  C = 42%

t2 = 85% – 20% = 65%  min. M  E = 65%

t = 42 – 35 = 7%
min. in ((P  C)  (M  E)) = 7%

13.* A and B are two sets such that n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 6, then
(A*) minimum value of n(A  B) = 6 (B) minimum value of n(A  B) = 9
(C) maximum value of n(A  B) = 6 (D*) maximum value of n(A  B) = 9
A vkSj B nks leqPp; bl izdkj gS fd n(A) = 3 vkSj n(B) = 6, rc
(A*) n(A  B) dk U;wure eku = 6 (B) n(A  B) dk U;wure eku = 9
(C) n(A  B) dk vf/kdre eku = 6 (D*) n(A  B) dk vf/kdre eku = 9
Sol. n(A  B) is minimum when n(A  B) is maximum i.e. 3.
 minimum n(A  B) = 6
n(A  B) is maximum when n(A  B) is minimum i.e. 0
 maximum n(A  B) = 9
Hindi. n(A  B) U;wure gksxk tcfd n(A  B) vf/kdre gS vFkkZr~ 3 gksA
 n(A  B) dk U;wure eku = 6
n(A  B) vf/kdre gksxk tcfd n(A  B) U;wure gks vFkkZr~ 0 gksA
 n(A  B) dk vf/kdre eku = 9

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14. The number of solution of equation x3 – 21x –20 = ex is/are


lehdj.k x3 – 21x –20 = ex ds gyksa dh la[;k gS &
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 3

Sol.

• •
–4 –1 5

x 2 – 2x  2|a|
15. If a  0 then complete set of solution of  0 is
x 2 – a2
x 2 – 2x  2|a|
;fn a  0 gks rks  0 dk lEiw.kZ gy leqPp; gS &
x 2 – a2
(A*) (–, –|a|)  (|a|, ) (B) (–,–a)  (a,)
(C) (–,–a)  [a,) (D) (–|a|, |a|)
(x  1)  (2  1)
2 |a|
Sol. 0
(x  a)(x  a)
1
 0
(x  a)(x  a)
+ – +
–|a| |a|  x  (– , –|a|)  (|a|,)

|x| 1
16. The complete set of solution of equation 1– = is {a,b} then
1 | x | 2
|x| 1
lehdj.k 1– = ds gyksa dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; {a,b} gS rc
1 | x | 2
(A) a + b = 8 (B) a + b = 3 (C*) a + b = 0 (D) a + b = – 3
1 1
Sol. 
1 | x | 2
1 1
 
1 | x | 2
 1 + |x|  2
 |x|  1  x [–1,1]

17. The integral value of a such that |x + a – 3| + |x –2a| = |2x – a –3| is true  x R is
a dk iw.kk±d eku Kkr dhft, tcfd |x + a – 3| + |x –2a| = |2x – a –3| lHkh  x R ds fy, lR; gS &
(A) 0 (B*) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Sol. If ;fn | x | + | y | = |x + y| then rc xy  0
Hence vr%, |x + a – 3| + |x – 2a| = |2x – a – 3|  x  R
 (x +a –3) (x – 2a) 0  x  R
 both root are same nksuksa ewy leku gS  – a + 3 = 2a  a = 1

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18. Number of positive integral solution of the equation |x2 – 3x – 3| > |x2 + 7x – 13| is/are
lehdj.k |x2 – 3x – 3| > |x2 + 7x – 13| ds /kukRed iw.kk±d gyksa dh la[;k gS &
(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Sol. (x2 – 3x – 3 – x2 – 7x + 13) (x2 – 3x – 3 + x2 + 7x – 13) > 0
– 10(x – 1) 2(x2 + 2x – 8) > 0
20(x – 1) (x – 2) (x + 4) < 0
x (–, – 4)  (1, 2)
Number of positive integral solution equal zero /kukRed iw.kk±d gyksa dh la[;k 'kwU; gSA

 2 | x | –2 
19. If (x2 – 2|x|) (|2x| – 2) – 9  2   0 then
 x – 2| x |
 2 | x | –2 
;fn (x2 – 2|x|) (|2x| – 2) – 9  2   0 rc
 x – 2| x |
(A) x  (–, – 1]  (0,1]  (2,3] (B) x  (–, – 1]  (2,3]  {1}
(C) x  (–,3] (D*) x  [–3 – 2)  [–1,0)  (0,1]  (2,3]
Sol. Let ekuk |x| = t
 2t – 2 
 (t2 – 2t) (2t – 2) –9  2 0
 t – 2t 
(2t – 2)[t 2  2t – 3][t 2 – 2t  3]
 0
t 2 – 2t
2(t – 1)(t – 3)(t  1)
 0
t(t – 2)
 t (–,–1]  (0, 1]  (3, 3]
 x [–3,–2)  [–1, 0)  (0, 1]  (2, 3]

x2
20. Number of solution of pair of equations y = ||x| – 2| – 2| and y = equals to
2
x2
lehdj.k y = ||x| – 2| – 2| vkSj y = ds ;qXeksa dh la[;k cjkcj gS &
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4
y = (x + 2)/2

y = ||| x|–2|–2|

Sol.

21*. For making graph of equations |y| = |f(|x|)| through y = f(x) which order of step is right among the
following order of
Step  : y = f(|x|) (replace x by |x|)
Step  : y = |f(x)| (take modulus of R.H.S)
Step  : |y| = f(x) (replace y by |y|)
lehdj.k |y| = |f(|x|)| ds vkjs[k ds f y, fuEu inksa dk Øe] lgh Øe esa gS &
 : y = f(|x|) (replace x by |x|) (x dks |x| ls gVkus ij½
Step  : y = |f(x)| (take modulus of R.H.S) (R.H.S dk ekikad ysus ij½
Step  : |y| = f(x) (replace y by |y|) (y dks |y| ls ?kVkus ij½
(A*) , ,  (B*) , ,  (C) , ,  (D) , , 
Sol. Obvious Li"Vr;k%

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22. The sum of all the integral values of a {where a  [–10, 10)} such that the graph of the function
f(x) = ||x – 2| – a| – 3 has exactly three x-intercepts is
a ds lHkh iw.kk±d ekuksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft, {tgk¡ a  [–10, 10)} tcfd Qyu
f(x) = ||x – 2| – a| – 3 dk vkjs[k Bhd rhu x-vUr[k.M j[krk gS &
(A) 10 (B) 5 (C*) 3 (D) 0
Sol. For x-intercept y = 0
 ||x–2| – a| = 3  |x – 2| – a = 3 or – 3
For 3, x intercepts,. a + 3 > 0 and a – 3 = 0 ....(1)
or a + 3 = 0 and a – 3 > 0 ....(2)
From (1) & (2), a = 3
hence sum = 3
Hindi. x-vUr[k.M ds fy, y = 0
 ||x–2| – a| = 3  |x – 2| – a = 3 or – 3
x vUr[k.M ds fy, a + 3 > 0 vkSj a – 3 = 0 ....(1)
;k a + 3 = 0 vkSj a – 3 > 0 ....(2)
(1) o (2) ls, a = 3
vr% ;ksxQy = 3

23. Let graph of y = f(x) is


ekuk y = f(x) dk vkjs[k gS

(1, 1)

(–1, –1)

and graph of y = g(x) is


rFkk y = g(x) dk vkjs[k gS &
(1, 1)

(–1, –1)
The graph of y = |f(x) + g(x)| is same as
y = |f(x) + g(x)| dk vkjs[k leku gS D;ksafd
(A*) y = |f(x)| + |g(x)| (B) y = 2|x|
(C) y = |x| (D) y = 2

Sol. y = |f(x)| is gS

y = |g (x)| is gS

(–1,2) (1,2)

y = |f(x)| + |g(x)| is gS

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24. Complete set of solution of inequation – 2 – x < 2 is
2– x
3
vlfedk – 2 – x < 2 ds gyksa dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; gS
2– x

(A*) (–,1) (B) (–,1] (C) (1,) (D) [1,)


Sol. 2x  t
 t2 + 2t – 3 > 0
t (––3) (1,)
 2  x (1,)
 x (–2] (–,1)  x  (–,1)

25. Complete set of solution of inequation 3x2  5x  7 – 3x2  5x  2 > 1 is (–a, – b]  [–c,d) (where a,
b, c  R+) then a + b + c + d equation
vlfedk 3x2  5x  7 – 3x2  5x  2 > 1 ds gyksa dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; (–a, – b]  [–c,d) gS
(tgk¡ a, b, c  R+) rc a + b + c + d cjkcj gSA
(A*) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
Sol. 3x2 + 5x + 2 = t  t  5  1 t
 t and vkSj t + 5 > 1 + t + 2 t
 t and vkSj t < 4  3x2 + 5x + 2 > 0 & 3x2 + 5x – 2 < 0
 (x+1) (3x+2)  0 and vkSj (x+2) (3x–1) < 0
2 1
 x (–,–1]  [ ,) and vkSj x(–2, )
3 3
2 1
 x (–2,–1] [ , )a+b+c+d=4
3 3

3
26. Complete set of solution of a inequation x  2 x –1 + x – 2 x –1 >
2
3
vlfedk x  2 x –1 + x – 2 x –1 > ds gy dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; gS &
2
(A) (–,1) (B) (–,1] (C*) [1, ) (D) (1, )
3
Sol. (x  1)  2 x  1  1  (x  1)  2 x  1  1 
2
3
x 1 1  x 1 1 
2
 x  1 R (minimum value of L.H.S. is dk U;wure eku 2 gSA
 x [1,)
27. If a, b, c are distinct positive number but no one among them is equal to one and
logba logca + logab logcb + logac logbc = 3, then value of abc is
;fn a, b, c fHkUu&fHkUu /kukRed la[;k gS tcfd muesa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d ds cjkcj ugha gS] rFkk
logba logca + logab logcb + logac logbc = 3, rc abc dk eku gS
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D*) 1
Sol. logb a . logc a + loga b . logc b + loga c . logb c = 3
(loga)2 (logb)2 (logc)2
 + + =3
logb . logc loga . logc loga . logb
 (log a)3 + (log b)3 + (log c)3 = 3 log a.log b.log c
 log a + log b + log c = 0 ( a, b, c are distinct)
 log abc = 0  abc = 1
a,b, c fHkUu&fHkUu gSA

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28. Let , , are two real solution of equation (log10x)2 + log10x2 = (log102)2 –1, then equal to

1
ekuk , , lehdj.k (log10x)2 + log10x2 = (log102)2 –1, ds nks okLrfod gy gS rc cjkcj gS &

(A) 20 (B) 3 (C*) 10 (D) 1
Sol. log 102 x + log10x2 = log 2
10 21 ; log 102 x + 2 log10x + 1 = log 102 2
 (log10 x + 1)2 = log102 2
1 1
log10x + 1 = ± log10 2 ; x= and vkSj
20 5
 9 
(log3 x)  log3 x  5 
2

29. The equation x  2  = 3 3 has

(A*) exactly three real solution (B*) at least one real solution
(C*) exactly one irrational solution (D*) complex roots.
 9 
(log3 x)  2 log3 x  5 
2

lehdj.k x  = 3 3 ds fy;s & 

(A) Bhd rhu okLrfod gy fo|eku gSA (B) de ls de ,d okLrfod gy fo|eku gSA
(C) Bhd ,d vifjes; gy fo|eku gSA (D) lfEeJ ewy fo|eku gSA
 2 9 
log3 x   2 log3 x 5  9
Sol. x   =3 3  log3 x 3 – log3 x + 5 = logx 3 3
2
9 3
 log3 x 2 – log3 x + 5 = logx 3
2 2
9 3
Let ekuk log3 x = t  t2 – t+5=  2t3 – 9t2 + 10t – 3 = 0
2 2t
t = 1 satisfies it t = 1 bls larq"V djrk gSA
vr% 2t3 – 9t2 + 10t – 3 = 2t2(t – 1) – 7t(t – 1) + 3(t – 1)  
= (t – 1) 2t 2  7t  3 = (t – 1) (2t – 1) (t – 3)
1
 t=1 t= t=3
2
1
 log3 x = 1 log3 x = log3 x = 3
2
 x=3 x = 31/2 x = 27.

30. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that alog3 7 = 27 ; blog7 11 = 49 and clog11 25 = 11 . The value
of a  (log3 7) 2
b(log7 11) 2
c (log11 25) 2

 equals
;fn a, b, c /kukRed okLrfod la[;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd alog3 7 = 27 ; blog7 11 = 49 rFkk clog11 25 = 11
a (log3 7)2 2
 b(log7 11)  c(log11 25)
2

 dk eku cjkcj gS
(A) 489 (B*) 469 (C) 464 (D) 400

 
a 3   alog3 7
log 7
2 log3 7
log3 7 log3 7
Sol. = 27 = 27 = 73 = 343

b 7  
  b
log 11
2 log7 11
log7 11
= 49log7 11  11log7 49 = 121

c 
  c
  11
log11 25
2 log11 25 log11 25
log11 25
= = 25log11 11
=5
hence the sum is vr% ;ksxQy 343 + 121 + 5 = 469 gSA

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31. Let a, b, c, d are positive integer such that logab = 3/2 and logcd = 5/4. If a – c = 9, then value of (b – d)
is equal to
ekuk a, b, c, d /kukRed iw.kk±d bl izdkj gS fd logab = 3/2 vkSj logcd = 5/4. ;fn a – c = 9 rc (b – d) dk eku
cjkcj gS &
(A) 20 (B*) 93 (C) 10 (D) 1
Sol. b2 = a3 = k  1/2
b=k ,a=k 1/3 and vkSj d = c =  c = 1/5, d = 1/4
4 5

Now vc a – c = 9  k1/3 – 1/5 = 9


Let ekuk k1/3 = 25, 1/5 = 16  k = 253 = 56 and vkSj  = 165 = 220
 b = (56)1/2 = 125, d = (220)1/4 = 32
Now vc a – c = 9  k1/3 – 1/5 = 9
let ekuk k1/3 = 25, 1/5 = 16
 b = (56)1/2 = 125, d = (220)1/4 = 32
Now vc b – d = 125 – 32 = 93

32. The values of a for which the equation 2(log3x)2 – |log3x| + a = 0 posses four real solution
a ds eku tcfd lehdj.k 2(log3x)2 – |log3x| + a = 0 ds pkj okLrfod gy gS &
1 1
(A) –2 < a < 0 (B*) 0 < a < (C) 0 < a < 5 (D) – < a < 0
8 8
Sol. (2|log3 x|–1) |log3x| = – a
Let ekuk (log3 x) = y
1 a
(y – ) y = (y > 0)
2 2
a 1 1
( , 0)  a(0, )
2 16 8

.. . . . . .. . . .. . .
0 1
2

(x  8) (2  x)
33. The set of values of x satisfying simultaneously the inequalities  0 and
 10 
log0.3  7 (log2 5  1) 
 
2x  3  31 > 0 is :
(A*) a unit set (B) an empty set
(C) an infinite set (D) a set consisting of exactly two elements.
(x  8) (2  x)
vlfedkvksa  0 vkSj 2x  3  31 > 0 dks ,d lkFk larq"V djus okys 'x' ds ekuksa dk
 10 
log0.3  7 (log2 5  1) 
 
leqPp; gSa&
(A),dy leqPp; (B) fjDr leqPp;
(C) ,d vuUr leqPp; (D) ,d ,slk leqPp; ftlesa Bhd 2 vo;o gSA
(x  8)(2  x)
Sol. 0
 10 
log0.3  (log2 5  1) 
 7 
For (x  8)(2  x) to be defined
(i) (x – 8) (2 – x)  0
(x – 2) (x – 8)  0  2x8
10 10
Now Let say y = log0.3 (log25 – log22) = log0.3 (log25/2)
7 7
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Let y<0 (assume) then log0.3 (log2 5/2) < 0
7
10 5 7
 log2 5/2 > 1   log2 5/2 >
> 2(7/10) which is true
7 2 10
So y<0
so denominator is – ve and numerator is +ve, so inequality is not satisfied,
thus (x  8)(2  x) = 0
x = 2, 8 .....(i)
Now 2x – 3 > 31
 (x – 3) > log2 31  x > 3 + log224.9 (approx)
 x > 7.9  x=8
(x  8)(2  x)
Hindi. 0
 10 
log0.3  (log2 5  1) 
 7 
(x  8)(2  x) dks ifjHkkf"kr gksus ds fy;s &
(i) (x – 8) (2 – x)  0
(x – 2) (x – 8)  0  2x8
10 10
ekuk Let say y = log0.3 (log25 – log22) = log0.3 (log25/2)
7 7
10
ekuk y < 0 (assume) then log0.3 (log2 5/2) < 0
7
10 7 5
 log2 5/2 > 1  log2 5/2 >  > 2(7/10) tksfd lR; gSA vr% y < 0
7 10 2
vr% gj rks _.kkRed gksxk ,oa va'k /kukRed gksxk vr% vlfedk larq"V ugha gksxhA
vr% (x  8)(2  x) = 0
x = 2, 8 .....(i)
ysfdu 2x – 3 > 31
 (x – 3) > log2 31  x > 3 + log224.9 (yxHkx)
 x > 7.9  x=8

(3x  4x ) · n(x  2)
34. The solution set of the inequality  0 is
x 2  3x  4
(3x  4x ) · n(x  2)
vlfedk  0 ds gyksa dk leqPp; gS &
x 2  3x  4
(A) (–, 0]  (4, ) (B) (–2, 0]  (4, ) (C) (–1, 0]  (4, ) (D*) (–2, –1)  (– 1, 0]  (4, )

  3 x 
4 x     1 n (x  2)
 4  
Sol.   0
(x  4) (x  1)
1
35. Number of integers for which f ( x)   log(2x  3) ( x2  x  1) is defined is equal to-
log(3 x  2) (2x  3)

1
f ( x)   log(2x  3) ( x2  x  1) dks ifjHkkf"kr gksus ds fy, iw.kkZadksa dh la[;k gS
log(3 x  2) (2x  3)

(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Sol. f(x) = log2x 3 (3x  2)  log2x 3 (x2  x  1)

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3x  2 
for defined ifjHkkf"kr gksus ds fy, log2x+3  2  0
 x  x  1
3x  2 3x  2
  (2x  3)  1  3x – 2  x2 – x + 1
x2  x  1 x2  x  1
 x2 – 4x + 3  0
 (x – 1)(x – 3)  0
 x  [1, 3] but ijUrq 3x – 2  1  x1
two integers nks iw.kkZad i.e. x = 2, 3

36. If log4 {log3 {log2 (x2  2x  a)}} is defined xR, then the set of values of 'a' is

;fn log4 {log3 {log2 (x2  2x  a)}} , xR ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr gS rc 'a' ds ekuksa dk leqPp; gS
(A*) [9, ) (B) [10, ) (C) [15, ) (D) [2, )

Sol. log4 {log 3 {log2 (x2  2x  a)}}


for defined ifjHkkf"kr gksus ds fy, log4log3log2(x2 – 2x + a)  0
 log3log2(x2 – 2x + a)  1  log2(x2 – 2x + a)  3 
  x2 – 2x + a  8   – 2x + (a – 8)  0
x2  D0
4 – 4(a – 8)  0   1–a+80  a9

x 2  6x  9
37. If log 1 < – log2(x + 1) then complete set of values of x is
2 2(x  1)
x 2  6x  9
;fn log 1 < – log2(x + 1) rc x ds ekuksa dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; gS &
2 2(x  1)
(A*) (–1, 1 + 2 2 ) 
(B) 1– 2 2,2  (C) (–1, ) (D) ( 1– 2 2, 1 + 2 2 )

x 2  6x  9 x2  6x  9
Sol. > 0 & (x + 1) > 0 and vkSj log 1  log 1 (x  1)
2(x  1) 2
2(x  1) 2
 x(–1,) and vkSj (x + 3)2 > 2(x + 1)2
 x(–1,) and vkSj x2 – 2x – 7 < 0
 x(–1,) and vkSj x (1–2 2 ,1+2 2 )
 x (–1,1+2 2 )

38. The least positive integer x, which satisfies the inequality log x
(x2 – 10x + 22) > 0 is equal to
log2  
2

vlfedk log x


(x2 – 10x + 22) > 0, dks larq"V djus okyk x dk U;wure /kukRed iw.kk±d gy gS &
log2  
2

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D*) 8


Sol. Case fLFkfr-I
log2 (x/2) > 1  x2– 10 x + 22 > 1
 x>4 & x  (–,3) (7, )
  x(7, )
Case- fLFkfr II
0 < log2 (x/2) < 1  0 < x2– 10 x + 22 < 1
 x(2,4) & x (3,7) and x2– 10 x + 22 > 0
  no integer exist among above inequalities  positive integer x is 8
dksbZ iw.kk±d fo|eku ugha vlfedk  /kukRed iw.kk±d x, 8 gSA
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Fundamentals of Mathematics

log0.3 (x – 2)
39. Complete set of solution of equation 0
|x|
log0.3 (x – 2)
lehdj.k  0 ds gyksa dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; gS &
|x|
(A) [1, 2)  (2, 3] (B) [1, 3] (C*) (2, 3] (D) {1}
log0.3 (x – 2)
Sol. 0
|x|
ND ND + 0 –
2 3
 x  (2, 3]

40. The solution set of the inequality |9x – 3x+1 + 15| < 2.9x – 3x is
vlfedk |9x – 3x+1 + 15| < 2.9x – 3x dk gy leqPp; gS &
(A) (–,1) (B*) (1,) (C) (–,1] (D) [2, )
Sol. (3x)2 – 3(3x) + 15 < 2(3x)2 – 3x { 9x – 3x+1 + 15 > 0 x  R}
(3x)2 + 2(3x) – 15 > 0
 (3x + 5) (3x – 3) > 0
x>1

41. The complete set of values of x satisfying the equation x2 . 2x+1 + 2|x–3| + 2 = x2.2|x–3|+ 4 + 2x–1 is

lehdj.k x2 . 2x+1 + 2|x–3| + 2 = x2.2|x–3|+ 4 + 2x–1 dks larq"V djus okys x ds ekuksa dk lEiw.kZ leqPp; gS &
 1 1  1  1 1
(A) [3,) (B)  – ,   (3,) (C)  –  –  (D*)  – ,   [3,)
 2 2  2   2 2
Sol. Case fLFkr-I : x3
x2.2 x+1 + 2x–3+2 = x2 2x–3+4 + 2x–1
 0 = 0  x [3, )
Case- fLFkr II : x [– ,3)
x2 2 x+1 + 23–x+2 = x2 23–x+4 + 2x–1
2x
 2x22x + 32.2–x = 128x22–x +
2
 4x 2  1  x x
  2  32.2 (4x  1)
2

 2 
 (4x2–1) [2x – 64.2–x ) = 0
1
  x=± ,x=3
2

1  3 3  2  3  4 
42. sin   sin  3     sin  3     is equal to
sin3     
1  3  2   4 
 sin   sin3      sin3      cjkcj gS &
sin3   3   3 
4 3 –3 –4
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
3 4 4 3

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Fundamentals of Mathematics

  2   4 
3(sin   sin  3     sin  3    
1     
Sol. Required vHkh"V = –
sin3 4
1 sin3  sin(2  3)  sin(4  3)
sin3 4
1 1  3 sin3  3
= [0] –   =
sin  sin3  4  4

43.* If ;fn (m + 2) sin + (2m – 1) cos = 2m + 1 then rc


3 2m 2m 4
(A) tan = (B) tan = 2 (C*) tan = 2 (D*) tan =
4 m 1 m –1 3
     
 1  tan 2 
2
 2 tan 2 
Sol. (m+2)   + (2m–1)   =2m+1
 1  tan2    1  tan2  
 2  2

Let ekuk tan =K
2
 2 (m+2) K + (2m–1)(1–K2) = (2m+1) (1+K2)
 K2(4m) – 2 (m+2)K + 2 = 0
 2mK2 – (m+2)K + 1 = 0
1 1
 K= ,
2 m
2 tan  4 2m
Now vc tan = = or 2
1  tan 
2 3 m 1


44. * Let 0    and x = X cos + Ysin , y = Xsin – Ycos such that x2 + 4xy + y2 = aX2 + bY2,
2
where a, b are constants then

ekuk 0    vkSj x = X cos + Ysin , y = Xsin – Ycos tcfd x2 + 4xy + y2 = aX2 + bY2,
2
tgk¡ a, b vpj gS rc

(A) a = –1, b = 3 (B*)  = /4 (C*) a = 3, b = – 1 (D)  =
3
Sol.  X cos  Ysin 2  4  X cos  Ysin  X sin  Ycos   (Xsin   Ycos )2 = aX2 + bY2
 (1 + 2 sin2) X2 + (1–2 sin2) Y2 – (cos2) XY = aX2 + bY2
 cos2= 0 = 45°
  a=3,b=–1

45. Let (1 + tan 1º) (1 + tan2º) ............(1 + tan45º) = 2k then k equals to
ekuk (1 + tan 1º) (1 + tan2º) ............(1 + tan45º) = 2k rc k cjkcj gS
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C*) 23 (D) 24
 2 
Sol. (1 + tan ) (1 + tan (45° – )) = (1 + tan )   =2
 1  tan  
 ((1  tan1)(1  tan44))((1  tan2)(1  tan43)) ..... ((1  tan22)(1  tan23))(1  tan45)
= 223  k = 23

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Fundamentals of Mathematics

46. The number of solution of 2 cosx = |sinx| where x  [0,4] is/are


lehdj.k cosx = |sinx| ds gyksa dh la[;k gS tgk¡ x  [0,4] gS
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C*) 4 (D) 1

Sol.
2 cosx

|sin x|

47.* If the equation sin (x2) – sin(x2 + 2x) = 0 is solved for positive roots, then in the increasing sequence
of positive root
1  7 1  3
(A) first term is (B*) first term is
2 2
1  11
(C*) third term is 1 (D) third term is
2
;fn lehdj.k sin (x2) – sin(x2 + 2x) = 0 dks gy djus ij /kukRed ewyksa dh o/kZeku vuqØe esa gS &
1  7 1  3
(A) izFke in gSA (B*) izFke in gSA
2 2
1  11
(C*) rhljk 1 in gSA (D) rhljk in gSA
2
Sol.  
sin x2  sin( (x2  2x))

 x2  n  (1)n (x2  2x)


Case- I n is even  n = 2m
then x2 = 2m + x2+2x  x = – m
This gives positive root as 1, 2, 3, .....corresponding to m = – 1, –2, – 3, ......
Case-II n is odd  n = 2m+1
 x2 = (2m+1) – (x2+2x)
1  3  4m
x=
2
1  3 1  7 1  11
This gives poistive roots , , .....
2 2 2
 positive roots in increasing sequence are
1  3 1  7 1  11 1  15 1  19 1  23
, , 1, , , , ,2, .....
2 2 2 2 2 2
 8 term of sequence is 2

Hindi  
sin x2  sin( (x2  2x))

 x2  n  (1)n (x2  2x)


fLFkfr- I n le gS  n = 2m
rc x2 = 2m + x2+2x  x = – m
;g /kukRed ewy gS 1, 2, 3, ..... laxr ds m = – 1, –2, – 3, ......
fLFkfr-II n fo"ke gS  n = 2m+1
 x2 = (2m+1) – (x2+2x)
1  3  4m
x=
2

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Fundamentals of Mathematics

1  3 1  7 1  11
/kukRed ewy gS , , .....
2 2 2
 o/kZeku vuqØe esa /kukRed ewy gS &
1  3 1  7 1  11 1  15 1  19 1  23
, , 1, , , , ,2, .....
2 2 2 2 2 2
 vuqØe ds 8 oka in 2

48. In (0, 6), the number of solutions of the equation tan+ tan 2 + tan 3 = tan .tan2.tan3is /are
(0, 6) esa lehdj.k tan+ tan 2 + tan 3 = tan .tan2.tan3 ds gyksa dh la[;k gS &
(A) 15 (B*) 17 (C) 20 (D) 12

Sol. tan  + tan 2 + tan 3 – tan  tan 3 tan 2 = 0 ...(1)


n
 tan( + 2 + 3) = 0  tan 6 = 0  6= n   = 
6
 n 
49. If 2tan2x – 5 secx – 1 = 0 has 7 different roots in 0, , n  N, then the greatest value of n is
 2 
n
;fn 2tan2x – 5 secx – 1 = 0 ds 0,  , n  N, esa 7 fHkUu&fHkUu gy gks rc n dk vf/kdre eku gS &
 2
(A*) 15 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) 16

Sol. 2 tan2 x – 5 sec x – 1 = 0  2(sec2 x – 1) – 5 sec x – 1 = 0  2 sec2 x – 5 sec x – 3 = 0


6 1 1  1 
 sec x = ,  sec x = 3  sec x 
2 
= 3,
2 2 2 

1  15 
 cos x =  7 solutions in 0, esa gy
3  2 
 n = 15.

50. The number of integral values of a for which the equation cos 2x + a sin x = 2a  7 possesses a
solution.
a ds iw.kk±d ekuksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, lehdj.k cos 2x + a sin x = 2a  7 gy j[krh gS &
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D*) 5
Sol. cos2x + a sinx = 2a – 7  1 – 2sin2x + asinx = 2a – 7
2sin2x – asinx + 2 (a –4) = 0 ............(1)
a  a2  16(a  4) a  (a  8)2 a  (a  8) 2a  8 8
 sinx = = = = ,
4 4 4 4 4
a4 a4
 sinx =  1  1  2  a  6  a = 2,3,4,5,6
2 2
 No. of Integral solutions iw.kk±d gyksa dh la[;k = 5

51. If the arithmetic mean of the roots of the equation 4cos 3x – 4cos2x – cos( + x) – 1 = 0 in the interval [0,
315] is equal to k , then the value of k is

;fn [0, 315] esa lehdj.k 4cos3x – 4cos2x – cos( + x) – 1 = 0 ds ewyksa dk lekUrj ek/; k , ds cjkcj gS rc k
dk eku gS &
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C*) 50 (D) 80

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Fundamentals of Mathematics

Sol. 4cos3x – 4cos2x + cos x – 1 = 0  (4 cos2x + 1) (cos x – 1) = 0  cos x = 1


x = 2n
solutions in the interval [0, 315] esa gy are 0, 2 , 4 , ....., 100
0  2  4  ....  100 
 arithmatic mean lekUrj ek/; = = 50
51

52. Number of solution of sinx cosx – 3 cosx + 4 sinx – 13 > 0 in [0,2] is equal to
[0,2] esa sinx cosx – 3 cosx + 4 sinx – 13 > 0 ds gyksa dh la[;k cjkcj gS &
(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
Sol. sin x cosx – 3 cosx + 4 sinx – 12 – 1 > 0
 (sin x –3) (cosx + 4) – 1 > 0
 (–ve) (+ve) –1 > 0 (which is not posible tks fd laHko ugha gSA )
 x

53. The solution of 5  2sin x  6 sin x – 1 is


5  2sin x  6 sin x – 1 dk gy gS &
(A) [ (12n – 7)/6,  (12n + 7)/6] (n  Z) (B*) [ (12n – 7)/6,  (12n + 1)/6] (n  Z)
(C) [ (2n – 7)/6,  (2n + 1)/6] (n  Z) (D) [ (12n – 7)/3,  (12n + 1)/3] (n  Z)
Sol. Clearly Li"Vr;k% 5 – 2 sin x > 0
1
case fLFfr -I :: If 6 sin x – 1  0  –1  sin x 
6
then inequality is true rc vlfedk lR; gS &
1
case- fLFfr II :: If ;fn < sin x < 1 then we have rc
6
5 – 2 sin x  36 sin2 x – 12 sin x + 1
36 sin2 x – 10 sin x – 4  0  18 sin2 x – 5 sin x – 2  0
18 sin2 x – 9 sin x + 4 sin x – 2  0  9 sin x (2 sin x – 1) + 2 (2 sin x – 1)  0
 2 1  1 1
 (2 sin x – 1) (9 sin x + 2)  0  sin x    ,   sin x   , 
 9 2  6 2

 1
 sin x   1,
 2 

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