GUIDANCE

AND
COUNSELING
PREPARED BY: ESP DEPARTMENT

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 1

SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

ROLE OF TEACHER IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

TYPES OF COUNSELING
SKILLS OF GUIDING AND COUNSELING STUDENTS
QUALITIES OF A GOOD COUNSELOR
THE ROOT CAUSE OF BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES
OTHER PROBLEMS COVERED BY GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 2
 GUIDANCE
----can be defined as a developmental process.
When guiding students you will be helping them to:
1. Understand themselves
2. Develop their talents
3. Understand their abilities and shortcomings
4. Plan a career in life

By GUIDANCE, it means preventive measures which are

taken to help an individual avoid getting into problems.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 3
 COUNSELING
-----a healing process through which
the teacher seeks to establish a
relationship in which the students
can express their thoughts and
feelings on their own situation.
Hence counseling helps individuals
make their own decisions from
among the choices available.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 4
Importance of guidance and counseling

1. Help students to handle interpersonal relationship

2.Develop the whole child

3. Contribute towards their

academic performance

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 5

Role of the teacher in guidance and counseling

1. Plan guidance and counseling services.

3 aspects:
a. Identifying guidance and counseling needs

b.Formulating objectives

c .Assessing the available physical facilities

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 6

 2. Organize guidance and counseling services

3.Assist other members of staff in

their interaction with pupils

4. Keep students confidential records

5. Make referrals

6. Evaluation

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 7

 Types of counseling
1. Individual Counseling

2.Small group Counseling

3. Family Counseling

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 8

Skills of Guiding and counseling students

Active Listening

The basis of helping skills is active and

effective listening. Effective listening is more complicated
than it seems on the surface. Listening is more than
just hearing.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 9

It requires the following skills:
a. Attending Skills
It is essential that as a student talks, you
assure them that you are giving them
your full attention.
This is essential in building rapport with your student which is the
central ingredient that will enable your students to feel safe enough to
open up.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 10

 The sitting position, posture and eye contact
will be an indicator that you are together with your
students.
Again convince them that you are genuine by being natural
and unassuming. Show respect by receiving the student with
warmth and encouragement.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 11

b. Reflecting Skills
Reflecting back on what your students have said
and demonstrate that you are listening and it also the
students to build a clear picture of their situation.
Also, after the student has gone,
you need to reflect on the jumble of
conversation, sift through it, make a
concise recap of the major themes to
build up a reflective summary.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 12
c. Paraphrasing skills
Summarize your discussion with the students in
your own words. This enables you to check that you
have to seek further clarity of what the student
had said.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 13

d. Effective Questions
Questions are like keys, they will either lock
or unlock the door of understanding. The technique
of asking questions will provide an opportunity for your
students to learn how to solve their own problems.
Good questions will provide you with important
information about your students and their situation.
Avoid close questions and more importantly avoid
‘why’ question.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 14

Qualities of a good counselor

1. A good listener
If you are a poor listener you need to
make a deliberate effort to listen more
attentively. Ask your colleague to narrate
the same story again and see if you have
improved your score.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 15

2. Pleasant and warm

It is very important to meet someone who gives you

warm welcome, listen and talks kind words to you.
This relieves tension and makes the person feel
appreciated and that someone cares.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 16

3. Able to establish rapport
Creating rapport lays the foundation for a
warm working relationship.

4. Able to maintain confidentiality

This means keeping all the INFORMATION
secret and not revealing it to others.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 17

5. Able to show empathy
This means you have the ability to understand
what your students, or any other person
with a problem, feels and why they feel t
hat way.

6. Able to make referrals to

more competent people.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 18

7. Able to inspire confidence in others
Some ways to build confidence:
• Encourage the students to talk freely
• Give them time
• Be non-judgemental
• Reassure the students

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 19

The root cause of behavioral differences

1. Problems in the families (environmental factors)

parent – child relationship remains the
most significant
environmental factor in
determining the
kind of person t
he child will develop into.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 20

 Environment has a significant influence on children’s
behavior and attitudes
a. Extreme Poverty
Nothing makes an individual as humble and
unsure of them as poverty does. Such students
may experience problems like:
• Unable to relate to other student from affluent families
• Being tempted to steal from those who have more
• Truancy, absenteeism and hunger
• Lack of concentration in class work

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 21

b. Domestic violence
The common reason for domestic
violence is alcoholism.
Violence affects the students
emotional development,
as they are often abused
and lack of proper care.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 22

c. Absent parents
These are parents who have no time for
their children, or do not have
quality time with them.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 23

d. Drug abuse
Interferes with physical, social, and
mental well-being. These effects the
drug abuse can be seen in petty
thefts among the young, disobedience,
violent group behavior
and inability to concentrate on
their studies.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 24

e. Child abuse
In your experience, you may have
notices a student who is withdrawn,
reserved, shy, or dozing in class. The reason leading to
such behavior might be child abuse.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 25

f. Child labor
This can either be physical, sexual, neglect and emotional harassment.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 26

 2. Growth and development (individual
differences)
The onset of puberty, at about the age of eleven, marks essential
changes in an individual. The child changes physically, psychologically,
socially and becomes an adolescent.

Adolescence is generally viewed as a time of the greatest stress

when compared to other periods of life.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 27

Other problems covered by guidance and counseling

A. Health and physical development

1. Physical defects
2. Inability to excel in athletics
3. Lack of physical coordination
4. Lack of physical strength, vigor
5. Malnutrition
6. Physical unattractiveness
7. Illness
8. Oversize, undersize
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 28
 B. Home and Family relationships
1. Dominance of parent
2. Lack of control by parents’
3. Lack of home fellowship
4. Broken homes
5. Home chores
6. Jealousy, friction among siblings
7. Unwholesome home conditions
8. Disapproving family
9. Lack of cooperation with school

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 29

C. Leisure Time
1. Lack of interest in, or over enthusiasm
for sports, games, music and arts
2. Inability to engage in sports because
of poor health or physical handicaps
3. Limited means or excessive means
4. Lack of interest in reading
5. Lack of skill in handicraft

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 30

D. Personality
1. Extreme sensitiveness
2. Shyness
3. Lack of aggressiveness
4. Strong aversions
5. Lack of self confidence
6. Excessive conceit, or self confidence
7. Carelessness
8. Inability to get along with others
9. Inferiority complex, superiority complex
10. Delusions, illusions
11. Lack of social-mindedness, civic mindedness
12. Emotional instability

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 31

E. Religious life
1. Religious doubts, conflicts
2. Extreme attitude of parents
3. Conversion
4. Excessive religious activity
5. Conflict between science and religion

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 32

 F. School
1. Ineffective study and health habits
2. Defective budgeting of time
3. Lack of independence
4. Too much/little help from teacher
5. Lack of interest in school
6. Inability to see the value of some subjects
7. Fear of failure
8. Unwillingness to exert more effort
9. Dislike for teacher or school
10. Too long assignment

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 33

11. Impatience with slower pupils
12. Very rigid rules
13. Poor study conditions
14. Lack of adjustment for mental ability of pupils
15. Excessive attention to athletics
16. Feeling of left alone
17. Poor choice of subject or school
18. Choice of school
19. Planning work in preparation for college
20. Truancy

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 34

G. Social (Moral and Civic)
1. cheating, lying, stealing
2. Low standards of morality
3. Lack of manners
4. Anti social activities
5. Bias
6. Excessive social life
7. Unwise use of leisure
8. Smoking and drinking

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 35

THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING 
GODBLESS!

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 36