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Group 1 - Isometric & Isobaric Process

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119 views18 pages

Group 1 - Isometric & Isobaric Process

Uploaded by

Katrina Inoval
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ISOMETRIC

PROCESS
GROUP 1
01.

WHAT IS ISOMETRIC
PROCESS?
ISOMETRIC
PROCESS
An isometric process is a
thermodynamic process where the
volume of the system remains
constant throughout.
The system is typically enclosed
in a rigid container that cannot
change its shape or size.
Since the volume is constant (V =
constant), the work done by the
system (or on the system) is zero
(W = 0).
HEAT TRANSFER AND
INTERNAL ENERGY
Heat (Q) can be transferred into or out
of the system during an isometric
process.
The change in internal energy (ΔU) of
the system is equal to the heat
transferred (Q = ΔU).
Since no work is done (W = 0), the first
law of thermodynamics simplifies to Q =
ΔU.
ISOMETRIC PROCESS
P-V Diagram

The pressure-volume (P-V) diagram is a graphical


representation of a thermodynamic process.
In an isometric process, the P-V diagram shows a vertical
line at constant volume (V = constant).
The pressure (P) will vary along this line as the temperature
changes due to heat transfer.
EXAMPLES OF ISOMETRIC PROCESSES

Example 1: Heating a gas in a rigid container with a


fixed volume, such as a closed pressure cooker. The
pressure inside the cooker increases as the gas
heats up.
Example 2: Detonation of an explosive in a confined
space. The rapid combustion generates a large
amount of heat, causing a significant pressure
increase within the confined space.
Example Problem
Example Problem
2 lb of air at 50 psia and occupying 10 ft3 undergo a process at constant volume until the
temperature has risen 500 Rankine, Find Initial Temperature, Final Temperature, Final
Pressure, and Heat Added.
Solution: m1=m2 (P1)(V1)/T1 = (P2)(V2)/T2
Pv=mRT
50/674.916 = P2 /1174.916
(50)(10)(144) = (2)(53.34)T1
P2= 87.04 psia
T1= 674.916R
T = T2- T1
Q=?
T2= 500 R+ 674.96 R
Q=mCvT
T2= 1174.916R
Q=(2)(0.171)(500)
Q=171.0 BTU
ISOBARIC

PROCESS
ISOBARIC
PROCESS
An isobaric process is a
thermodynamic process in which
the pressure (P) of the system
remains constant throughout the
process.

Isobaric comes from the Greek


words "iso" meaning equal and
"baros" meaning weight or
pressure.
ISOBARIC PROCESS
P-V diagram

Horizontal straight line representing constant pressure


parallel to volume axis. The direction of this line shows
compression or expansion, which can also explain sign
convention in work done, where area under this line shows
the work done.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOBARIC PROCESSES
Pressure (P) remains constant (ΔP
= 0)
Volume (V) can change
Temperature (T) can change
Work is done by the system if it
expands (ΔV > 0)
Work is done on the system if it
compresses (ΔV < 0)
Heat (Q) is transferred to or from
the system
Example
Think of a person blowing up a balloon. They add air at constant
pressure causing the balloon to expand.

Imagine cooking rice in a pot with a loose-fitting lid. As you heat


the water, it boils and creates steam. The steam pushes up on the
lid, but since the lid isn't fixed, it lifts slightly to release pressure.
In this scenario, the pressure inside the pot remains constant
even though the volume of the steam increases. The temperature
of the water and steam also increases as you add heat. This is
similar to how an isobaric process allows for volume change while
maintaining constant pressure.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
(ISOBARIC PROCESS)
EXAMPLE NO. 1
A closed gaseous system undergoes a reversible process during which 25 BTU are
rejected, volume changed from 5 cubic feet to 3 cubic feet, and the pressure remains
constant at 50 psia. Find the change in internal energy.
GIVEN: SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE NO. 2
A piston-cylinder system contains a gas that expands under a constant pressure of 1200 lb/ft^3. If
the piston is displaced 1 ft during the process, and the piston diameter is 2 ft, what is the work done
by the gas on the piston?

GIVEN:
SOLUTION:

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