GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

• Graphical Representation is a way of analysing numerical data. It exhibits

the relation between data, ideas, information and concepts in a diagram.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

• Data can be represented in many ways.

• The four main types of graphs are…
• A bar graph or bar chart,
• A line graph,
• A pie chart, and
• Pictographs
BAR GRAPHS

• Bar graphs are used to show relationships between different data series that
are independent of each other. In this case, the height or length of the bar
indicates the measured value or frequency. Below, you can see the example of
a bar graph which is the most widespread visual for presenting statistical
data.
BAR GRAPHS
LINE GRAPHS

• Line graphs represent how data has changed over time. This type of charts is
especially useful when one needs to demonstrate trends or numbers that are
connected. For example, how sales vary within one year. Line graphs can show
dependencies between two objects during a particular period.
LINE GRAPHS
PIE CHARTS

• Pie charts are designed to visualize how a whole is divided into various parts.
Each segment of the pie is a particular category within the total data set. In
this way, it represents a percentage distribution.
PIE CHARTS
PICTOGRAPHS

• The pictographic representation shows the given data graphically by using

images or symbols. The symbol or image is used in the pictographic diagrams
describes the frequency of the object in the given set of data. Pictographs
provided the information of the given data by using symbols or images.
 PICTOGRAPHS

Example:

The pictograph diagram below

shows the mode of transport
used by the number of students
using the image, and each image
represents the value.
THE GUIDELINES TO HELP IN DESCRIBING GRAPHIC DATA:

• Following are some of the guidelines to help in describing graphic data:

• Introduction is a must.
• It should include the main idea and points.
• Make note of key data and remember to compare and contrast them.
• Highlight the similar and different features.
• Group similar ideas in a paragraph. (2-3 paras must)
• Use transition words.
• One line summary at the end.
BAR CHART: LIFE EXPECTANCY 2006
 THE BAR CHART

• The bar chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth and at 65; the
data is from four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
• Females from England have the highest life expectancy at birth of 81.5 years, beating
women from Northern Ireland by 6 months. Females from Scotland have the lowest life
expectancy of 79.6 years, meaning a gap of around 13 months between the highest and
lowest. English female life expectancy at 65 is also the highest and the Scottish is also the
lowest.

•.
•
 THE BAR CHART
• Regarding male life expectancy from birth, the highest is from England and
reaches 77.2, almost an extra 2 years over the lowest, Scotland, at 74.6.
Wales is the second lowest at 76.6 years, followed by N. Ireland at 76.1. At
65 the order is the same with England first, Wales and N. Ireland broadly
similar and Scotland at the lowest with 15.8 years of life expected after 65.
• In all countries observed, and at all age points, women outlive men, and
regarding countries, Scotland has the lowest life expectancy while England has
the highest
PIE CHART: WORLD FOOD CONSUMPTION IN 2014
THE PIE CHART

• This pie chart shows the shares of total world food consumption held
by each of seven different food types in 2014.
•
• Meat is consumed the most, at 31.4 percent. Fish has the second
highest consumption levels, at 27.9 percent. Cereals consumption
represents 11.7 percent of the total. Fruits’ share of consumption is
10.6 percent, followed closely by vegetables at 10.5 percent, and
then bread at 5.5 percent. The smallest food group in terms of world
consumption is rice, at 2.4 percent.
•
THIS PIE CHART
• The graphs shows that overall global
consumption is widely dispersed among
food types; no one type has a majority
share. Animal-based foods (meat and
fish) do make up the majority of
consumption when added together. It is
important to note, however, that based
on the information in this pie chart no
conclusions can be drawn about the
dietary diversity of an individual person.

•
LINE GRAPH: WORLD POPULATION GROWTH (1970-2010)
LINE GRAPH
• This graph tracks world population growth on each of the
six inhabited continents by decade, from 1970 through
2010.

• Asia’s population is the highest, starting at over 500

million in the 1970s, and growing to well over 600 million
by 2010. Asia is followed by Africa, moving from under
200 million people to nearly 300 million. Neither Europe,
America, and nor Oceania reach populations of 200
million in any decade, although all experience the same
upward trend as Asia and Africa from 1970 to 2010.
Oceania’s population is by far the smallest
LINE GRAPH
• With respect to the rates at which
these populations are growing,
Europe appears to be increasing
fastest, having nearly doubled from
just over 100 million in 1970 to
nearly 200 million. A slight
divergence between Europe and
America is observable, indicating
that U.S. population growth rates
are lower than European growth
rates. The gap between Asia and
Africa is also increasing.
 A BUS MANUFACTURING COMPANY MANUFACTURED THE
FOLLOWING NUMBER OF BUSES FOR THE FIRST EIGHT
MONTHS OF THE YEAR, WHICH ARE REPRESENTED BELOW:

Months
of the January February March April May June July August
year
Number
1000100 1200120 1400140 1600160 1800180 1800180
of buses 600600 800800
0 0 0 0 0 0
sold
To represent the given data in a pictorial form, use the image or symbol and each image or symbol used to
represent the particular number of units.
Consider the image of the bus as shown below, and the symbol or image of each bus shown above
numerically equals 200 buses sold.

The pictorial representation of the given data by using the key is shown below:
• BG: SHOW THE NUMBER IN CATEGORIES
• PG: COMPARE 2 OR MORE SETS OD DATA
• LG: SHOW CHANGE OVER TIME
• PIC G: DESCRIBE THE FREQUENCY OF THE OBJECT IN THE GIVEN SET OF
DATA
EXERCISE

• 1.Draw a pie chart of your expenses per week and explain the same.
• 2.The total number of runs scored by a few players in one-day match is given.
Draw a bar graph for the above mentioned data and describe the same.
THANK YOU