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Class7 Control Share

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11 views30 pages

Class7 Control Share

Uploaded by

ce22b001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Traffic control Devices

• Media traffic engineers use for


communicating with the drivers – about
law, regulations and traffic restrictions.

• Markings – IRC 35
• Signs – IRC 67
• Signals – IRC 93 and IRC SP 041
General Principles
• Should have uniformity in
the use, placement and
design
• Should fulfill a need
• Should command attention
• Should convey a clear and
simple meaning
• Should give adequate time
for proper response
Markings
• IRC - 35 (1997)

• Most frequently used


one

• Supplement the
message conveyed
by signs and signals
Categories
• Carriageway markings
– Center line, traffic lane, pavement edge, stop
lines, parking, pedestrian, no overtaking

• Object markings
– Kerb markings, objects adjacent to
carriageway, objects within the carriageway
(medians)
Carriageway markings
• Longitudinal
– White vs yellow
– Solid vs. broken
– Single vs. double

• Transverse
Longitudinal markings
• Solid lines - restrictive
• Broken lines – permissive

• Double lines – maximum restriction

• White – separate same direction traffic (India –


normal locations)
• Yellow - separate opposite direction traffic (India
– no overtaking zones)
Transverse markings
• Stop lines
• Parking
• Pedestrian
• Transverse speed bars
Word & Symbol markings
Object markings and delineators

• Reflective devices
mounted /stripes
painted on
obstructions within or
adjacent to roadways
Delineators
Signs
• To give timely warning of hazards on situations when
they are not self evident.

• To regulate traffic by giving messages to the drivers

• To give information and direction.

– Regulatory
– Warning
– Informative/Guiding
General Principles

• Excessive use of
signs should not be
resorted to

• Letters and symbols


should be adequate in
size to read from
distance
General Principles
• Good visibility during
day and night

• Should be legible

• Simplicity and
uniformity
Regulatory signs
• Convey information that drivers MUST
comply
• Six categories
– Right of way series – stop, yield, giveway
– Speed series – speed limit
– Movement series – one way, no U turn
– Parking series – no parking
– Pedestrian series – cross walk
– Miscellaneous – road closed, road work
Warning signs
Information about impending conditions that may
be hazardous
Triangular
Guide signs
Useful information for unfamiliar drivers
Signals
• To reduce Conflicts
• How many conflicts?
Warrants for signalisation
IRC 93-1985

• Total traffic volume warrant


• Minimum delay warrant
• Pedestrian volume warrant
• Combination of warrants
• Accident related warrant
Benefits
• Orderly movement of traffic
• Increased efficiency at intersections
• Reduce accidents
• With coordination, continuous movement
of traffic

• Disadvantages?
Disadvantages
• Extra delay during off-peak periods
• Leads to disobedience of signal indication
• Leads to increased use of less adequate
routes to avoid signals
• Increase in some type of collisions such as
rear end collision
History
• International traffic light day – August 5th
• 1868 - using gas light
• 1910 – first automated – but no lights – Stop, Go
written
• 1912 – using lamps
• 1914 August 5– Ohio – Cleveland – first electric
traffic light – James Hog
• 1920 – William pots – current structure of 3
colour lights
Signal Indications
• British practice – red, red-amber, green, amber.

• American practice – red, green, yellow

• India - ?

• Types of indications
– Steady vs flashing
– Circular vs arrow
Signal Indications
Signal Settings
• Pre-timed

• Semi actuated

• Fully actuated

• Computer controlled
Signal Systems
• Signal system

Isolated
Coordinated
Networked
General components
• Controllers – control
unit for signals

• Display heads –
indicates the control
plan Traffic Signal
Controller
Components

• Actuated
– Vehicle Detectors
– Communication Network - communication between
signals – fiber optics, wireless

• Computer controlled
– Detectors
– Application Software
– Central Control Station
Different Mountings
Top of the road Side of the road

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