WorldCom Edu –Exploring Debate 1 – Answer Key

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Exploring Debate Book 1 정답

Unit 1 - Fast Food

Warm-up (page 3)
[Possible Answers]
 Hamburger
 Onion rings
 Milkshake
 French fries
 Chicken nuggets
 Pizza
 Hot dog
 Salad
 Soda
 Iced Tea
 Submarine sandwich
 Cheese sticks
 Ice cream sundae

Comprehension Check (page 7)

1. Fast food began when people started to live in cities.
2. in a factory
3. fiber
4. 40% a year
5. diabetes and heart disease

Vocabulary Check (page 7)

1. despite
2. industry
3. examine
4. Obesity

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5. crave

Think About It (page 7)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Quick service  Not enough fiber
 Often cheap  Factory-made food
 Conveniently located  May cause obesity
 Many choices  May cause cancer
 Appealing to children  May cause diabetes
 Tastes good  Lacks many nutritional components
 Free toy with meal
 More time with family/less time cooking
 No clean up

Supporting Opinions (page 8)

1. d
2. c
3. b
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 8)

1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 9)

Opinion A
I like fast food restaurants because they’re fun. Hamburgers and French fries are more
fun to eat, because you eat them with your hands. People are friendly and the colors
are bright. My mom and dad take me to a fast food restaurant to cheer me up when I’m
in a bad mood. They know I enjoy the cheerful atmosphere. If they took me to a quiet,
boring, slow restaurant it would only make me feel worse.

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Opinion B
I don’t think fast food is real food. It looks, smells and tastes very different from the food my
mother makes. Also, after I eat fast food, I don’t feel well. It makes me slow and heavy. I read that
fast food has a lot of fat but no fiber. I think fresh food is important. So when I’m busy and don’t
have time to prepare my own meals, I bring some simple food with me. Apples and nuts, or a
banana and some raisins are portable and healthy to eat.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
My parents work very late and are often tired when they get home. I have a lot of schoolwork to do
and frequently dinner is the only time that we can get together and talk. If we spent all night
cooking and cleaning up after ourselves, we wouldn't really get a chance to talk to each other. Fast
food is good for this.

For Opinion B
Fast food is marketed to the world as family friendly and a good way to spend time together.
However, if people just wanted to put some work into their meals, they could have family time while
cooking and preparing the food. Cooking as a family can be fun, too. This is a far better solution
than just buying food that wasn't prepared with any sort of care.

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Unit 2 – Dieting

Comprehension Check (page 13)

1. anorexia and bulimia
2. We end up gaining the weight back.
3. They vomit after eating to avoid gaining weight.
4. eat healthy and exercise
5. disappointment because it doesn't work

Vocabulary Check (page 13)

1. vomiting
2. unrealistic
3. reduce
4. stay in shape
5. moderation

Think About It (page 13)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Dieting can improve your confidence  Can't replace sensible eating
 Dieting can make you healthier  Can cause bulimia or anorexia
 Dieting can counter obesity  Can end in disappointment
 Doesn't give your body enough nutrients in
some situations

Supporting Opinions (page 14)

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d

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Refuting Opinions (page 14)

1. a
2. c
3. b
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 15)

Opinion A
Dieting has helped me to gain self-confidence. When I was overweight, my clothes did not fit and I
was often out of breath if I had to run or climb stairs. I was embarrassed to go to the beach or play
sports. Since I’ve begun dieting and exercising, I am much happier with my body. I feel good about
myself and I am a healthier person. Now that I’ve lost weight I have confidence that I can do
anything.

Opinion B
Dieting is useless. Most people who go on diets to lose weight only succeed for a short
time. They change their eating habits for a short period of time and then go back to
eating the way they always did. There is no easy answer to being thin and healthy.
Diets make us believe that if we follow some special rules for a few weeks, we can be fit
and happy. That’s not the way our bodies work. We need to avoid junk food all the
time and concentrate on eating fresh fruits and vegetables if we want to be healthy.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Even if dieting is only a temporary solution, many people need to lose weight quickly
because their health is at risk. Dieting before making a permanent lifestyle change can
be good to boost self confidence. It can help people realize that they can influence their
lives and motivate them to eat right and exercise in the future.

For Opinion B
There is no healthy way to diet. A sudden and short change to your food intake is never
healthy for your body. It may even shock your body into thinking that your starving. This
makes your body use its energy even more sparingly and can prevent you from losing
weight.

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Unit 3 – Watching TV

Warm-up (page 17)

I like to watch Because

Evening News I can see what’s happening right now.

Music Videos I can see the coolest bands.

Police Shows There’s a lot of excitement.

I don’t like to watch Because

Professional wrestling show They're too violent.

Soap Operas The people are not realistic.

Sports Sports are only exciting to play, not to watch.

Comprehension Check (page 19)

1. about sixty years
2. the way we dress, the songs we listen to
3. Because it makes us more violent people.
4. obesity
5. spreading messages and stories

Vocabulary Check (page 19)

1. examine
2. effect
3. annoying
4. expose
5. influence

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Think About It (page 19)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Gives us information about the world  Can lead to obesity
 Can spread messages and stories  Contains a lot of violent imagery
 Can help people laugh and relax  Has a lot of commercials
 Relaxing  Waste of time
 Fun to watch with friends  Can learn more elsewhere
 Can learn about interesting things

Supporting Opinions (page 20)

1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 20)

1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a

Opinion Examples (page 21)

Opinion A
I think that television makes people dull. Television affects us when we watch it. It
doesn’t matter what we watch, the effect is the same. We stop thinking, and just take in
what we’re told. We don’t have to make decisions or express thoughts. We just listen.
Over time we could forget how to speak well, and our minds could become lazy. When
we interact with other people, our eyes are bright, we move and look alive. I think that if
you watch too much TV, you’ll become stupid and unable to interact with others.

Opinion B
Watching television is very educational. When we go through the channels we can see
many events and cultures from around the world. If it wasn’t for the television, I couldn’t

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watch sports from far away or keep up on current events on other continents. I can also
watch shows where I learn about nature. Television shows are also very short, so I can
learn only the important things in a short period of time. I learn many things on
television in just half an hour. It would be very difficult for me to learn all those things at
the library.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
If you think about active entertainment, like reading, we have to use our minds to
interpret what the author is saying. We have to create the images in our minds. This is
mental exercise. With TV, the images are there, and we don't have to do anything. It's
mental laziness.

For Opinion B
TV is here. It is not going anywhere. Whether or not its programming is harmful or
helpful doesn't make any difference. We should focus on watching TV shows that are
informative. If we do that, they will gain popularity and more of them will be put on TV.
This is a realistic approach.

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Unit 4 – School Life

Warm-up (page 23)

People Subjects Facilities
 Teachers  Math  Hallway
 Students  Science  Classroom
 Principal  Geography  Office
 Janitor  English  Gymnasium
 Hall monitors  Physical Education  Cafeteria
 Nurses  Music  Library
 Office workers  Art  Teacher's office
 Administrative  Social Studies  Janitor's closet
Assistants  Biology  Bathroom
 Vice Principals

Comprehension Check (page 25)

1. getting along in a group, making friends
2. cooperation
3. There are no buzzers, competition or classrooms.
4. They believe it can help us solve the world’s problems together.
5. We start when we are very young and spend many years there.

Vocabulary Check (page 25)

1. get along
2. buzzer
3. official
4. mark
5. compete

Think About It (page 25)

1. If you could study anything you want, what would you choose to learn about?
- I would study Archaeology because I’m interested in dinosaurs.

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- I would choose to study literature because I like writing.

- I would choose to study math because I am a logical person.
- I would choose to study business because I want to be a CEO someday.

2. According to the passage, “you will never stop learning.” Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?
- I disagree because after we finish school we will get jobs and do the same thing every day.
- I agree, because the world changes so fast that there will always be new things to learn.

3. Are you a good student? At what subject are you successful? What subject is difficult for you?
- I am a good student because I try very hard.
- I am good at math, but I am not very good at history.

Supporting Opinions (page 26)

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 26)

1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 27)

Opinion A
School is no fun. We are forced to go there nearly every day for many years. When
we could be outside playing or still in bed, we sit in a classroom and learn boring stuff.
I know that it’s important to learn how to read and write, but does it really take so long?
I also think we learn lots of useless things that aren’t practical in our daily lives. Why
should I learn about math or history when I will never need to know them? I can hardly
wait until high school is over and I can spend my time the way I want.

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Opinion B
Every morning I wake up and I am excited about going to school. I can’t wait to get
there and meet my friends, open my locker and get my books. Without school I
wouldn’t be able to learn so many wonderful things and do so many interesting
activities. In my school, I’m involved in the chess club, the swim team and student
government. If there were more hours in a day I would join more clubs and teams. I
like school so much that I want to be a teacher when I grow up.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

For Opinion A
A lot of the teachers try to tell us that what we are learning is important, but it only seems to be
important to pass tests. I ask my parents questions from the books that I am reading. Usually, they
laugh, throw up their hands and say, "I don't know." My parents are successful people. If they don't
know these things, why do I need to know them?

For Opinion B
Being successful and happy at school is all about attitude. If you aren't excited about school, you'll
do poorly and then be even less happy about going. Yes, some classes are boring, but if you make
school into a game with yourself, you can't lose. School is fun if you make it fun.

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Unit 5 – Cosmetic Surgery

Warm-up (page 29)

Brain  connected to a computer to better store
information
 better speed
 easier to remember things
 memories don't fade
Skeleton  skeleton made of metal
 skeleton flexible so bones will never break
bones fix in a couple minutes
Arms and Legs  more arms
 walk on four legs
 wings as extra set of arms
 tentacles instead of arms
Heart and lungs  several hearts in case of heart attacks
 can breathe any kind of air
Stomach  can eat metal or wood

Eyes  can see through walls, behind you

 three eyes for better vision

Comprehension Check (page 31)

1. nose job, tummy tuck, eyelid surgery
2. the east
3. 11 million
4. an accident during surgery, becoming addicted
5. because of the media

Vocabulary Check (page 31)

1. mental
2. inferior
3. recover
4. cosmetics
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5. media

Think About It (page 31)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Can enhance self confidence  Promotes the idea that image is everything
 Allows for freedom of choice  Is still somewhat dangerous
 Is safer now than ten years ago  Can be addictive
 Does not have to be obvious  Causes others to want it
 Unnecessary  Puts down those who haven't had it
 Can help people who have had accidents  Creates unrealistic images of beauty

Supporting Opinions (page 32)

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 32)

1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b

Opinion Examples (Page 33)

Opinion A
Some people see the benefits of plastic surgery. Others see disadvantages. Basically,
it is a personal decision. If we have enough money, we are each free to choose how
we look. If I decide to get a nose job, I am the one who is most affected. It does not
harm others. For this reason, if I want to gain self confidence by changing my
appearance, it is a personal matter. I should be free to make any decision I like.

Opinion B
I think that people who get plastic surgery are superficial. When I look in the mirror, I

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know that my appearance is not perfect. Maybe my ears could be a little smaller or
forehead a little less wrinkly. So what? It’s not so important how I look. I think a person
is defined by their actions and their words, not by their appearance. It is always
important to dress appropriately and neatly. However, I don’t think we should judge
people by their appearance.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

For Opinion A
Who cares if I have plastic surgery? It's no one's business but mine. If I want to have a
horn put on my forehead, how does it affect anyone that is not me? People who get
upset about plastic surgery shouldn't have it. Don't tell me what I can and can't do with
my looks. It would be like telling me what dress to wear to school. This is absurd.

For Opinion B
If I said that you could have a pair of really nice shoes, but they would cost you
thousands of dollars and you would have to go through a very dangerous operation to
get them, would you? If I told you that the shoes could give you cancer years later, or
might cause you to look very strange years down the road, would you still get them?
This is essentially what plastic surgery is. All of that, just to look a certain way.

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Unit 6 – Family

Comprehension Check (page 37)

1. Eight, 8
2. Two, 2
3. When they became wealthier.
4. It makes people want to have more children, because children can earn extra money for the family.
5. Many of them have careers outside the home. / They may not want to stay home to raise a family. /
/ They may want to have a child later in life.

Vocabulary Check (page 37)

1. cherish
2. average
3. Sociologists
4. relate
5. trends

Think About It (page 37)

Advantages of a large family Disadvantages of a large family
 Family members are never alone  Less attention for each child
 Older siblings can teach younger siblings  Adds to growing world population
 Children can work and bring more money  Less money to spend on each child
to the family  Siblings can become too competitive and
 Children will become more independent argue
and take care of themselves  Older siblings may be have to work too
 Children learn how to relate to others faster much to take care of younger ones
 Less work for parents once older siblings  More work for parents
take over  Expensive
 Family gatherings can be more fun

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Advantages of a small family Disadvantages of a small family

 More attention for each child  No siblings to have fun with
 Doesn't contribute to population problem  No baby sitters in family
 More money to spend on children  Only children may become spoiled or bored
 More free time for children because they  Children can become lonely
are not spending time caring for younger  Less money brought into family
siblings  Family gatherings smaller
 Less expensive  More work for parents
 Children can bond more because there are  Children have to look outside the family for
fewer close friends
 Less competition between siblings
 Less work for parents
 Children become more social outside their
family

Supporting Opinions (page 38)

1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 38)

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 39)

Opinion A
I think a bigger family is best. If I had more brothers and sisters, I’d have more people
to have fun with. There would always be someone to play with me, and we’d all keep
each other company. We would divide up all the chores, so work would seem easy.
We’d learn from each other, too. All the older kids would teach the younger ones how to

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read and write. If you don’t have brothers and sisters, you don’t really learn how to
relate to people. A family prepares you for life, so the more the merrier!

Opinion B
I believe that a smaller family is better. It’s difficult to share your parents with a lot of
brothers and sisters. When would they have time for you? Also, if you had many
brothers and sisters, you would have to babysit them all the time. That wouldn’t leave
much time for having fun. Kids should be able to do normal, fun things. If they have too
many responsibilities, they can’t. One or two kids are just the right amount. That way, a
child gets the proper amount of time and attention.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Bigger families are better. I have five brothers and six sisters. My older brothers and
sisters are married and one of them even has children. There is always someone for
me to talk to and relate to. My parents have a lot of experience with children, so they
know how to deal with children. They always seem to have an answer when I have
questions for them. My older siblings also help me a lot.

For Opinion B
Smaller families are the same as bigger families only everyone is closer. If you don't
have to split up time between a whole lot of people, you can be a lot closer with
everyone. I spent six hours at the zoo the other day with my parents. If I had a lot of
brothers and sisters, they wouldn't be able to spend that kind of time with just me. Also,
I read the other day that in 2011, the world will have seven billion people. We just can't
support that many people. Big families contribute to this problem.

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Unit 7 – Pets

Comprehension Check (page 43)

1. They keep birds for their songs. / They keep fish because they are cheap and easy to care for.
2. Pets lower your risk of having a heart attack.
3. They put them out on the street. Then they become a nuisance.
4. unconditional love / They don’t judge them.
5. 3 million

Vocabulary Check (page 43)

1. unconditional
2. judge
3. euthanized
4. provide
5. companionship

Supporting Opinions (page 44)

1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 44)

1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a

Opinion Examples (p45)

Opinion A
I think keeping pets is a waste of money. We live in a world where money is tighter and

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tighter but still people waste money on keeping expensive pets. Many people in the
world are starving, yet millions of dollars are spent on animals every year. Not
only is there the food but often there are costly vet bills. Also, many pets are
expensive to purchase. Even if you go the pound and get a dog, it will still be
expensive, never mind if you get some sort of purebred. In my case, I can find much
better ways to spend my money.

Opinion B
I think pets teach young children valuable lessons. If a child has a pet, that child learns
to take care of another living thing. Pets need to be cared for in a lot of different ways.
They need to be groomed and fed on a regular basis. Often, pets need to be trained to
live in a house. As children are able to complete these tasks, they learn responsibility
and time management skills. Furthermore, pets provide companionship for young
children as they grow. It is also important to mention that sometimes it works the other
way around and pets look after children!

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
My friend had a cat that climbed up on top of the family stove and ate an entire plate of
brownies. Chocolate is toxic to pets, so it poisoned the cat. They had to run the cat to
the vet and the vet bill was extremely expensive. The next week, the cat did the same
thing! Because animals do not learn the same way that people do, they can continually
make the same bad mistakes.

For Opinion B:
Dogs can teach children what it means to care about something. Dogs and cats need to
be taken care of, and most of the ways in which they need to be cared for are not
terribly difficult. Children can walk them, feed them, and brush them. Having these
regular responsibilities can be fun and instructive for children. If you don't feed the dog,
it may eat something it should. If you don't walk it, it may go to the bathroom in your
house.

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Unit 8 – Valentine’s Day

Warm-up (page 47)

[possible answers]

Holiday: Halloween Holiday: Thanksgiving

Activity: trick or treat, parade Activity: Eat turkey, parade

Holiday: Arbor day Holiday: Christmas

Activity: Plant a tree Activity: give gifts, sing carols, pray, parade, hang
a stocking
Holiday: Cinco de Mayo
Activity: have parades Holiday: St. Patrick's Day
Activity: Wear green
Holiday: Boxing day Holiday: Easter
Activity: go shopping, give gifts to poor people Activity: find hidden candy

Holiday: Black Friday Holiday: Mother's/Father's day

Activity: buy Christmas presents Activity: give gifts to parents
Holiday: 4th of July
Activity: set off fireworks Holiday: New Year's Eve
Activity: Countdown, make a wish
Holiday: Canada Day
Activity: Have the day off from school Holiday: Kwanzaa
Activity: have a big dinner, decorate the house

Comprehension Check (page 49)

1. Valentinus, a Roman priest from the 3rd century.
2. He was thrown in jail and condemned to death.
3. couples
4. 150 years ago
5. buy things

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Vocabulary Check (page 49)

1. persecute
2. saint
3. consider
4. patron
5. obliged

Supporting Opinions (page 50)

1. d
2. c
3. b
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 50)

1. b
2. d
3. c
4. a

Opinion Examples (page 51)

Opinion A
Valentine’s Day is an opportunity to show your boyfriend or girlfriend how much you
love them. In the days before Valentine’s Day, you can see flowers and candy in every
store window. That makes it easy to remember to buy a gift. Valentine’s Day also
makes it easy to know how they feel about you. If they bring you large presents, they
love you a great deal. I always look forward to Valentine’s Day. I love flowers and
candy, and I also like to know how much I’m loved.

Opinion B
Valentine’s Day is an example of corporations trying to tell me what to do and when to
do it. If I would like to bring some flowers or candy to someone, I can do so anytime of
the year. If I don’t bring home some flowers and chocolates on Valentine’s Day, I am
seen as cold-hearted. I don’t think that’s fair. Wouldn’t it be better to bring someone

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chocolates on another day? That way, they would know that I didn’t have to, but wanted
to give a present.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
A lot of couples don't get to spend much time with each other and can forget how special their
relationship is. Valentine's Day is one day, each year, where people can focus on this. It's a helpful
reminder to people that they should value the person that they are with. Even if some companies
make money on it, who cares? The most important thing is to show the person that you love them.

For Opinion B
Couples should make holidays of their own. This would be more special to them and
mean more. Holidays that conform to everything that companies say aren't really
holidays. They certainly aren't special. Who has fun on Valentine's Day when all of the
good places to go on dates are crowded and all of the good presents become more
expensive? People shouldn't conform to what companies want from them.

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Unit 9 – Internet Anonymity

Comprehension Check (page 55)

1. It could prevent people from writing mean or hurtful things.
2. It could harm our freedom to speak and write. / It could harm democracy.
3. People watch less TV and read fewer newspapers.
4. It involves ideas about community, responsibility and freedom of speech.
5. All our words can be anonymous on the internet.

Vocabulary Check (page 55)

1. communicate
2. anonymous
3. vulgar
4. method
5. policy

Supporting Opinions (page 56)

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 56)

1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a

Opinion Examples (page 58)

Opinion A
I think that many problems would be solved if people were forced to use their real

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names on the internet. People would be less likely to use vulgar language and say
rude things. When people are anonymous, they feel like it’s ok to be cruel. They say
things they would never say in person. When this kind of behavior is widespread, it
lowers our standards. Then we think it’s normal to be rude. The more responsibility
we have for our behavior, the better we behave. We should always be willing to
attach our name to our words.

Opinion B
Many countries guarantee freedom of speech and freedom of the press. We might not
write our ideas if we had to include our names. Especially if we had different opinions
than the government or if our ideas were unpopular. We would be afraid of punishment.
However, that’s what freedom of speech is – the freedom to speak your mind without
fear of punishment. If we abandon internet anonymity, we will lose our freedom of
speech. This freedom is an important part of a democracy.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

For Opinion A
Society makes people act in a civilized way because we know that there are consequences if we act
badly. Anonymity means that we can act in ways that are rude, mean, and even criminal. If there is
nothing to prevent this, people have proven this, are proving it now, and will continue to prove it in
the future.

For Opinion B
Without anonymity, there can be no free speech. Think about using the toilet - everyone
does it, but this is something we all do in private. Society tells us that this is dirty and
should be done in private, so we go along with it. There are other things that society
makes people feel embarrassed about that they shouldn't have to feel embarrassed
about. Anonymity protects this.

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Unit 10 – Success and Happiness

Warm-up (page 59)

 Getting a good grade
 Playing a game that you like
 Spending time with your family
 Hearing a funny joke
 Good food
 Getting a compliment
 Winning a prize
 Getting nice clothes
 Getting a toy
 Doing well in a contest
 Finishing a long project
 Going on a vacation
 Relaxing
 Reading a good book
 Seeing a good movie
 Seeing art that you like
 Wearing comfortable clothes
 Playing with a pet
 Spending time with a pet
 Having a friend over to your house
 Getting money
 Getting a letter
 Celebrating a holiday
 Having a party

Comprehension Check (page 61)

1. They mean career and wealth.
2. time, values, or happiness
3. closeness to family and time to enjoy life
4. based on our values
5. They mean different things to different people.

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Vocabulary Check (page 61)

1. miserable
2. term
3. value
4. evaluated
5. sacrifice

Supporting Opinions (page 62)

1. c
2. d
3. b
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 62)

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 63)

Opinion A
It’s possible to be happy without being successful. At least, you don’t have to be rich to
be happy. Many people think that wealth is the same as success. However, recent
research shows that rich people are no happier than middle class people. It’s true that
we need food and shelter. We need enough money to take care of our basic needs. But
all the things we buy with extra money don’t actually make us happier in the long run.
They just make people envy us.

Opinion B
Success and happiness are related things because you cannot have one without the
other. It is impossible to be successful and not be happy. If you are a successful
doctor, you earn a lot of money and you’re well respected among your colleagues, you
will be happy. It is also impossible to be happy with failure. If your business fails and

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you are broke and disgraced, how could you be happy? We should be concerned with
success first and then happiness will follow!

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

For Opinion A
Many people that we consider to be famous have been poor. People will never forget St.
Francis of Assisi - he had nothing. What about Jesus? Was he "successful?" Gandhi
had almost nothing in the way of money. History is full of examples of people who were
not rich but were more successful than many others.

For Opinion B
What kind of happy life can a person have if they have no money? People constantly
say that money isn't everything, but what about people who can't afford food? They see
money as a chance to be able to eat - that makes people happy. What kind of family
and friends are going to be happy with a person who always needs to borrow money or
loses their house because of debt? Wealth is important to happiness.

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Unit 11 – Pollution

Warm-up (page 65)

[Answers]
1 – c, 2 – b, 3 – a, 4 – d, 5–e

Examples will vary, but here are some possible answers

 ride bikes instead of cars
 drive electric cars
 buy cars that are fuel efficient
 buy hybrid cars
 recycle
 buy things that are made locally instead of things shipped from a long distance
 contact the government about building green electricity
 plant a tree
 buy products that don't have a lot of packaging
 try using less electricity
 install a solar panel
 walk instead of driving
 try to use less water
 don't use aerosol spray cans
 buy things packaged in tin and glass instead of plastic
 turn the lights off

Comprehension Check (page 67)

1. 14,000
2. air and water pollution
3. emissions from cars and factories
4. the Gulf of Mexico
5. It causes the deaths of more than 600,000 people there each year.

Vocabulary Check (page 67)

1. byproducts

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2. emissions
3. spill
4. burst
5. sanitation

Supporting Opinions (page 68)

1. d
2. c
3. b
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 68)

1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a

Opinion Examples (page 69)

Opinion A
These days, many people are talking about the problem of pollution. Everyone is upset
about polluted water and dirty air. However, we are not ready to completely change
our lifestyles. Let’s face it. Technology allows us to enjoy so many benefits.
Convenience and comfort have made our lives better. We would have to let go of so
many wonderful things to change this problem of pollution. Maybe it’s better to just
accept it: pollution is the price of our convenient lives. It seems like a price we are
willing to pay.

Opinion B
Pollution is a serious problem. But I have a three step solution: Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle! We need to use less water and energy, and not buy stuff that we don’t need.
We also need to drive our cars less often. We need to reuse things instead of throwing
them in the garbage. Lastly, we need to recycle paper, metal, plastic and glass. If
everyone follows these three easy steps there will be a lot less pollution. Are you ready

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to reduce, reuse and recycle?

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
We have used technology to solve our problems ever since we invented ways to start fire and make
wheels. Technology has brought about the problem of pollution, and it will likely solve it. Yes, we
should be concerned about it, but if we buy things that pollute less and less, we will eliminate the
problem without too much difficulty.

For Opinion B
Our world is dying. If it dies, we die with it. If we ignore this, we will die. It's the same thing as
standing in the street when a bus is coming. There is nothing more important than our future. If we
aren't concerned with pollution, we aren't thinking about our futures. We have a chance to make a
difference. We just have to do it.

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Unit 12 – Peer Pressure

Warm-up (page 71)

[Possible Answers]

Good things that friends might Bad things that friends might pressure
pressure you to do you to do
 Study  Steal
 Listen to new kinds of music  Smoke cigarettes
 Try different fashion  Cheat
 Be friends with someone you didn't  Help someone cheat
know first  Do drugs
 Try a new game  Make fun of someone
 Learn a new sport  Not be friends with someone
 Learn a new art form  Disobey your parents
 Start a band  Get into fights

Comprehension Check (page 73)

1. peer pressure
2. pressure to steal or smoke
3. Stanford
4. 24
5. The group pretending to be guards started acting mean.

Vocabulary Check (page 73)

1. randomly
2. prison
3. mean
4. pressure
5. peers

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Supporting Opinions (page 74)

1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 74)

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 75)

Opinion A
I am part of a study group that is full of very hard-working students. We meet three
times a week and help each other study. To be a part of the group, you need to have an
‘A’ average. If your grades fall below an ‘A’ you can’t come to the group anymore.
Sometimes, we have to kick students out of the group. We all encourage, help and
pressure each other. Pressure helps us to do better.

Opinion B
Peer pressure can be a very dangerous thing. We can be pressured to do things that
we would never normally do because of pressure from a group.` In the case of war,
people are pressured and convinced to kill other people. Normally, most of us would
never kill another person. Less extreme is smoking. Often teenagers smoke to look
cool so that they can be part of a group. Peer pressure can convince us to do things
that are sometimes bad for us.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
If your peers pressure you to do things that are wrong, get new peers. Peer pressure is
a positive influence, provided that it is coming from the right people. If your friends are
bad, they will try to influence you in a negative way. If your friends are good, they will do
just the opposite.

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For Opinion B
Strong, smart, intelligent, and confident are all words that we hope describe us.
However, anyone that is influenced by peer pressure - in a good or a bad way - does
not fit these words. A truly strong person will make up their own mind, and if they
happen to be doing the same thing as the group, it's because they happen to want the
same thing. It has nothing to do with the group.

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Unit 13 – Children Studying Abroad

Warm-up (page 77)

[Possible Answers]

Country USA Australia UK

Reason to study Learn American Learn English in a Learn English
abroad English, make safer environment surrounded by rich
business contacts in than many English- tradition and
one of the world's speaking countries, heritage, see many
largest economies, experience exotic famous sites, make
study at some of wildlife and scenery, contacts in some of
the world's best the world's best
universities financial institutions

[Further Examples]
 China - learn Mandarin, the most spoken language in the world, make contacts in the world's largest
rising economic power, variety of different locations to study
 UAE - experience many cultures, make contacts from all over the world, intern at some of the best
financial institutions in the world

Comprehension Check (page 79)

1. fluency in English
2. learning English
3. leaving one or both of your parents, having to learn a new culture
4. It can cost a lot of their annual income.
5. their languages

Vocabulary Check (page 79)

1. fluency
2. prerequisite
3. drawbacks
4. considered
5. priority

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Think About It (page 79)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Learn excellent English  Miss family

 Experience another culture  Possibly forget one's culture
 Gain independence  Can be stressful
 Make new friends  May feel out of place at home
 Improve future opportunities  Suffer from culture shock
 Technology means that home is only a  Can have a bad experience
phone call away  Possible to stay within a person's own
 Can be a lot of fun culture while abroad, making the
 Makes a person more willing to try new experience pointless and expensive
things
.

Supporting Opinions (page 80)

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 80)

1. b
2. d
3. c
4. a

Opinion Examples (page 81)

Opinion A
I want to have every advantage in my education. If that means going to a foreign
country, then I will do it. I realize that it is scary and that I will miss my family, but my
education must be the best. If I get an excellent education, then I will score well on my
college entrance exams. Then I can get into a good college and get a job where I make
a lot of money. I realize it is going to be difficult, but it’s really worth it.
Opinion B

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I wouldn’t want to study abroad. I would rather be at home with my friends. I don’t think
it would feel very good to be shipped off across the ocean where you don’t know
anyone. Those kids must be very lonely. It would be like going to a new school,
except a hundred times worse. If I want to learn English, I can do it here. Some
things are not worth the trouble. Studying abroad is one of them.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Studying abroad can help me to be the kind of person that I want to be. I want to
experience new things, see new sights, try new food, and make new friends. Learning
is not just about books. Learning is about having experiences and study abroad offers
the best types of experiences that a person can have.

For Opinion B
Studying abroad is something that people do to make themselves more interesting. I
think that I am plenty interesting already, and when I travel it will be because I am old
enough to appreciate it. Most students going to school abroad don't even really see the
real culture because they aren't old enough to go out and see it for themselves. They
stick with their group of friends from their home country and don't see anything. Study
abroad is not for me.

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Unit 14 – Corporal Punishment

Warm-up (page 83)

Incident Response

Student is late Give student a warning

Student threatens teacher Call students' parents

Student is openly rude to the teacher Send student to the principal

- uses bad language when talking to
them
Student forgets their homework Give student '0' point on their homework
Student cheats on their exam. Give student '0' points on their exam.

Student gets into a fight with another Make student write letter to other student,
student apologizing

Comprehension Check (page 85)

1. time out, denying privileges
2. being hit with a stick
3. It saves time, increases their authority and sends a clear message.
4. for speaking out of turn / getting a low score on an exam / not completing their homework
5. You can be kept after class, get a lower grade, or be given more school work.

Vocabulary Check (page 85)

1. effective
2. ban
3. authority
4. routinely
5. corporal

Supporting Opinions (page 86)

1. b
2. c

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3. d
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 86)

1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 87)

Opinion A
Some kids are very bad. They scare the rest of us, and they don’t listen to teachers. Sometimes the
only way to correct them is with a serious punishment. It’s too bad if that hurts them. However, they
have had a lot of chances. They just don’t listen. They need corporal punishment because no other
method has any effect on them. It’s really for the good of the whole school. The whole group is
better off if bad behavior is stopped.

Opinion B
Corporal punishment is not effective. If a teacher uses violence to solve problems in
the classroom, then students will learn to use violence. Also, students who receive
corporal punishment learn to hate their teacher. How can you learn from someone
you hate? Classrooms should be places of cooperation. How can a student
cooperate with someone who is hitting them? The law should protect children from
violence the same way the law protects adults from violence. Why is it ok to hit
children, but it’s not okay to hit adults?

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
If a student does something that is directed at the teacher, it is questioning the
teacher's authority. The only way that a teacher can send a clear message to not
question their authority is to hurt that student. If they give them another assignment,
what is going to make the student do it? What if the student uses the assignment to
show further disrespect?

For Opinion B

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School is not the prison. It is not the military. It is a place for students to test boundaries and
explore. They are going to be disrespectful at times. They do not mean it as an insult to the teacher,
they do it out of inexperience and innocence. Setting them straight in ways other than corporal
punishment is the best way to do things.

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Unit 15 – The Lottery

Warm-up (page 89)

[1. Possible Answers]
 go on a trip around the world,  build or buy a super computer,
 buy a hot air balloon,  build or buy a robot,
 buy a horse,  build or buy a rocket,
 buy a limousine or fancy car,  build or buy a jet,
 build or buy a castle,  buy an island,
 donate to charity,  buy a circus company,
 buy my parents' a house,  buy thousands of books,
 buy a company,  buy lots of really cool toys,
 invest in a business,  buy or build a TV station,
 buy a zoo,  buy a soccer team
 start my own charity,

[2. Possible Answers]

 love,  piece of mind,
 friendship,  righteousness,
 knowledge,  other peoples' minds,
 beauty,  ideals,
 strength,  immortality,
 health,  religious views,
 confidence,  political views
 happiness,

Comprehension Check (page 91)

1. more than 70
2. the government
3. 365 million dollars in Nebraska, USA
4. 1 in 14 million
5. No, some people lose the money, and some go bankrupt.

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Vocabulary Check (page 91)

1. adjust
2. investments
3. citizen
4. format
5. payoff

Think About It (page 91)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Raises money for important national  Causes poor people to waste money
projects  Makes a few people very rich instead of
 Gives people something to look forward helping many people
to  Is an unfair way to raise money because
 Makes the winners very happy the rich don't participate
 Brings people together in groups to buy  Makes people think about money more
tickets and less about the important things in
 Isn't expensive life
 Is entertaining

Supporting Opinions (page 92)

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 92)

1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a

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Opinion Examples (page 93)

Opinion A
The lottery is like a tax on people who are bad at math. Our chances of winning the
lottery are almost zero. So many people play and often there is only one big winner.
Some people play the lottery every week and after years have nothing to show for it. It
seems silly to me that so many people would throw their money away so just a few
people could be rich. It would be much smarter to save the money you spend playing
the lottery. Of course, you wouldn’t be rich but it would be better than nothing.

Opinion B
The lottery gives us something to look forward to. I like to imagine what I could do with
a million dollars. It makes me feel good to think about how I could help people. It
makes me feel good to imagine having such great luck! Everyone would want to be my
friend. There’s nothing wrong with spending just a few dollars on that kind of fun. I know
the chances are slim, but that’s not really the point.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
If you save money over the years, there is a 100% chance that you will still have it later.
If you spend the money on the lottery, there is only about a millionth of a chance of it
still being there. This is not smart if we think about it in this way. People shouldn't play
the lottery.

For Opinion B
Good feelings are what we live for. If we aren't willing to put a few dollars toward getting
excited about something once in a while, it's true, we'll have more money, but we show
that we don't know how to use it to make our lives worth living.

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Unit 16 – Gap between Rich and Poor

Warm-up (page 95)

[Possible Answers]
Box Jobs
1(top) CEO, movie star, professional athlete, professional artist, movie producer, movie
director, pop star
2 stockbroker, judge, surgeon, politician, Lawyer, doctor, engineer, dentist, architect

3 teacher, mechanic, plumber, electrician, manager, social worker, bus driver, taxi driver,
subway driver, city employee, welder, soldier

4(bottom) fast food server, retail sales clerk, babysitter, dishwasher, farm worker, factory worker,
road crew worker, construction worker

Comprehension Check (page 97)

1. 1% of the world’s population
2. 1% of the world’s assets
3. to raise money and get food, water and medicine for people / because they feel guilty / because
they believe they can change the world
4. 48 years
5. 26%

Vocabulary Check (page 97)

1. assets
2. poverty
3. expectancy
4. volunteered
5. distribution

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Think About It (page 97)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Saves the very poorest people from  Doesn't change the reasons those
starving countries are poor
 Shares some of the wealth between rich  In some cases, the money doesn't ever
and poor reach the poor
 Helps make people aware of poverty in  Takes away from money that may be
the world needed in own country
 If there's no aid, the gap between rich  Isn't a long-term solution
and poor grows bigger  Can cause poor countries to need aid
 Can stop civil wars from starting over and not develop on their own
resources  Can support dictators
 Can helps top plagues  Can end up buying guns for the
 Can help people start businesses and militaries in other countries, rather than
help develop other countries food

Supporting Opinions (page 98)

1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 98)

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 99)

Opinion A
I believe that it is possible for one person to make a big difference in the world. Last
week I read a story about a woman named Oprah Winfrey. She grew up in a very, very
poor family. She had many hardships and few opportunities growing up. But she

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worked hard, and now she is one of the most famous and richest people in the world.
She donates millions of dollars to help poor people around the world. She is just one
person, and she made a big difference in many peoples’ lives all over the world.

Opinion B
The world’s problems are really complicated, but some people think we can make a
difference. They must be kidding! Putting a few quarters in a donation jar isn’t going to
make a difference. We’re just a handful of people; what can we do? I think it’s better to
focus on your own life and your own problems. Then at least you have a chance of
changing something. It’s hard to accept, but there will always be poor people and rich
people. Making donations won’t change the way the world works, so don’t kid yourself.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Of course it is possible for one person to make a difference. They don't even have to be
rich. Look at Gandhi or Jesus. These people weren't rich, but there are very few people
who don't know who they were. There are many examples of people leading lives that
the rest of us can only dream of, but they were not rich at all.

For Opinion B
The problem with our society is that the challenges we face have been around longer
than we have. They will still be here when we are gone. The idea that some do not have
enough to eat is older than humanity. It is a law of nature. The lucky - whether by
strength or intelligence - eat and survive. The unlucky do not. If we were to change this,
imagine what our world would be like. We would fill our gene pool with weak people.

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Unit 17 – Modern Life

Warm-up (page 101)

1. Challenges from the past – Reasons why challenging
 doing research – difficult because there was no internet
 staying warm – there was no natural gas heat or electric heat
 laundry – no washing machines or dryers
 transportation - no cars, trains or airplanes
 communication – no telephone or email
 getting food – no refrigeration, no microwave ovens, no supermarkets
 staying clean – no hot showers
 treating illness – no vaccines for polio or flu, no antibiotics
 fashion – few sources of clothing
 recreation – no video games, no TV
 making art – no acrylic paints
 music –no karaoke, no CDs, no electric instruments or speakers

2. Things that were better in the past – Reasons why they were better
 Cleaner air and water - Not as much pollution
 Easier to get a job - Not as much competition, not as many people
 Higher quality in food store bought items - Less things made in big factories, more care in
making things
 Closer families - Everyone lived nearby
 Less crime - People had better relationships with their families and communities, more support
 less space between rich and poor - fewer large corporations
 easy to start your own company - less competition from big companies
 easier to make a living in the arts - not as many people doing the same thing

Comprehension Check (page 103)

1. computers, microwave ovens, cell phones
2. in the 1920s
3. by hand
4. stress
5. in the 1990s

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Vocabulary Check (page 103)

1. Modern
2. chores
3. old-fashioned
4. certainly
5. amazing

Think About It (page 103)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Many things are easier to do.  More stress

 Can get places faster.  People are too busy to spend time with
 Can communicate with people instantly. each other.
 Have modern medicine to help us.  Some modern inventions cause
 Can get any information we want right pollution.
away.  We don't spend as much time in nature.
 Can learn things more easily.  We aren't as active, and that makes us
 Not bored as often. less healthy.
 Many choices.
 Easier to travel.

Supporting Opinions (page 104)

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 104)

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. c

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Opinion Examples (page 105)

Opinion A
I think that all of our modern conveniences make our lives better than the lives of our
ancestors. People live longer today because of medicines and advances in health care.
Also, we have greater access to food and clean water, which makes us healthier.
Machines like cars and planes allow us to travel great distances very quickly. Phones
allow people today to communicate quickly and easily. In the past, it could take weeks
to send someone a message in the mail or travel to another country.

Opinion B
It seems like no matter how much we accomplish, we never get any happier. I don’t
think all these conveniences actually make our lives better. They just make our lives
faster. We grow more impatient, wanting everything to happen in an instant. If we can’t
have it right now, we don’t want it. I think what we really need is a sense of community.
In the past, people relied on each other more. They were close because they needed
each other in order to survive. Maybe they were difficult days, but at least everyone had
a sense of purpose.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Evolution is the idea that things are selected by their ability to stay around. This applies to everything.
Do you know anyone with a pet rock? Probably not. This was an idea from the seventies, and it
wasn't a good one. No one has one anymore. It wasn't a good idea, so it disappeared. The ideas that
are still around are around because they are good ideas.

For Opinion B
If you read any very old stories, you'll find that people were worried about lack of food,
disease, and war. If you read any new stories, they're different, but generally people are
worried about lack of food, disease, and war. Nothing has changed. Except now,
instead of thousands of people starving, we have millions. Instead of thousands of
people dying in wars, we have millions. Does having a blender or a cell phone really
make any of this nicer?

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Unit 18 – Animal Testing

Warm-up (page 107)

Product How often do you use it? If this product was bad,
what might it do?
Toothpaste Every day when I brush my teeth. Hurt my teeth, taste bad,
give me gum problems
Soap When I shower or wash my Give me a rash, hurt my
hands. skin, make my skin change
color
Washing detergent My mom uses it when she cleans Hurts skin, doesn't clean
the dishes. dishes, poisonous when
combined with food
Cold and flu medicine I take medicine when I am sick Bad side effects, allergies,
poisonous

Comprehension Check (page 109)

1. 100 million
2. They are killed.
3. Doctors have new medicines and surgery techniques.
4. polio and measles
5. They believe that it is unethical to experiment on animals, and that the results may be useless
anyways.

Vocabulary Check (page 109)

1. opponents
2. controversial
3. cosmetics
4. estimate
5. vaccine

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Think About It (page 109)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Can help cure diseases  Results may be misleading

 Makes sure products are safe for  Hurts innocent animals
humans  Can be expensive
 Do not have to experiment on humans  Almost all of the animals die after or
Helps to develop new medical during the experiment
operations  Animals are not free to live a normal life
 Arguments against this are difficult to  Cheapens the idea of suffering
prove  Often pointless
 Less expensive than some other
technology or paying people

Supporting Opinions (page 110)

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 110)

1. d
2. b
3. a
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 111)

Opinion A
Animal testing is not necessary! Today we have new technologies and very smart
computers which can get the same results as tests on animals. Scientists are able to grow human
skin in a laboratory, and testing this skin would provide more accurate results than testing animals.
There are also very advanced computer models which can accurately predict how new medicines will
be able to fight diseases. It is unethical to continue to hurt animals when alternative ways of

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research are available.

Opinion B
Animal testing is necessary! The human body is very difficult to understand. Computers and
technology cannot always help us, and it is too dangerous to test on humans. Other animals, like
chimpanzees, are very similar to humans. We can test them first and know if a medicine or
operation will be safe for humans. Without animal testing too many people would get hurt or die.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Animal testing is not only unnecessary, it is dangerous. Our closest relatives, apes and chimpanzees,
are very obviously different than human beings. They have different systems and DNA. They will not
react the same way that humans will. People are different in this way. However, we are the same in
the fact that we feel pain and fear. That is all that these tests create: suffering.

For Opinion B
Many animals are similar to us genetically. Even though they may seem different in some ways, if we
test the effects of a chemical on an animal's eyes, it's because their eyes are similar to ours. If we
operate on an animal, it's because its organs are similar to ours. To say that we shouldn't test on
animals is to say that they are the same as people.

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Unit 19 – Online Gaming

Warm-up (page 113)

Game Who do you play with? Do you play inside or outside?
Soccer My friends and my team Outside on a soccer field
Starcraft My friends or other people Inside on a computer
online.
Card games My family and friends At home or at a friend’s house
Baseball My friends and my team Outside on a baseball field
World of My friends or other people Inside on a computer
Warcraft online.
Board games My family and friends At home or at a friend’s house
Video games My family and friends Inside on a television

Comprehension Check (page 115)

1. They think people will become addicted, violent, and less intelligent.
2. study, exercise, and meet new people
3. You can play with your friends or other people from all over the world.
4. vision and problem solving tests
5. Because excessive gamers are usually not very active.

Vocabulary Check (page 115)

1. critics
2. posture
3. associated
4. benefit
5. excessive

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Think About It (page 115)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Can make new friends  Can lead to obesity
 It is entertaining  Can be addicting
 Can develop faster reflexes  Games are often violent
 Can be better at problem solving  May decrease intelligence
 Can learn teamwork  May develop bad posture or back pain
 Can relieve stress  Waste of time
 Can relive boredom  Bad for your eyes
 Can play with family

Supporting Opinions (page 116)

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 116)

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 117)

Opinion A
Playing online games will make children less intelligent. If children play too many games they will
not have time to do homework. Their grades will suffer and they won’t be able to go to a good
college or get a good job. Children should not spend all day playing games. It is a waste of time!
Instead, they should study and learn new things. Playing games might be fun, but it is more
important that they be smart.

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Opinion B
Playing online games can make children more intelligent. Scientific evidence has
shown that children who play online games score well on tests. They are better at solving problems
then people who don’t play games. And not all online games are violent. Some are educational.
Students can learn math and reading skills by playing online games.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Playing online games may enhance hand-eye coordination and improve children's reflexes, but for
what? To pretend to shoot people? To cast spells? These aren't skills that are likely to help children
later on in life. However, if their classmates are studying hard, what online gaming can do, is waste
time that children could be using to keep up with the classmates. Online gaming develops the skill of
getting left behind by your classmates.

For Opinion B:
Playing online games is a positive way to learn things. You can learn anything from
online games. There are all kinds of quiz show games and even games that model things on the real
world. Some of the best students in my class are avid gamers, and they're not being left behind by
anyone.

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Unit 20 – Role Models

Warm-up (page 119)

Name Parents
Positive They teach me about love and the importance of being a good person.
Negative They do not listen to me. And make you do things that I do not want to do.

Name Park Ji-Sung

Positive He inspires me to work harder. If he can be a success, so can I!
Negative He left South Korea to play soccer in Europe. He is not loyal to his country or his fans.
It is a bad example for children.

Name Barack Obama

Positive He overcame racism to become President of the United States. I can overcome my
problems, too.
Negative He sends many people to fight and die in war.

Name Friends
Positive They teach me to have fun and to be a good person.
Negative They try to make me do bad things and do not study hard.

Comprehension Check (page 121)

1. They can teach girls that they must be beautiful to succeed.
2. Teachers and coaches show us that if we work hard we can be successful.
3. our parents
4. He overcame racism to become President of the United States.
5. They inspire us to succeed and be our best.

Vocabulary Check (page 121)

1. values
2. overcame
3. character
4. aspiration

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5. obstacles

Supporting Opinions (page 122)

1. b
2. d
3. c
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 122)

1. a
2. c
3. d
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 123)

Opinion A
Coaches make great role models. They teach us that with hard work we can accomplish our goals.
Also, in team sports our coaches help us to work together to succeed. Everyone should learn the
importance of hard work and cooperation. They are skills which we can use in school, our jobs, and
in our relationships with people. If we look to our coaches as role models we will be better prepared
to become successful in life.

Opinion B
It is dangerous to look at our coaches as role models. Coaches teach us that winning is the most
important thing in life. If we do not win, then we are failures. Children might become aggressive
and selfish. Also, they will not know how to deal with other types of failures in life, like getting a bad
grade on a test. It is fun to win, but coaches should not make it the most important thing in sports.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Coaches take an interest in children. Many people say that they do this, but they don't
spend the kind of time with children that coaches do. They understand us and want the best for us.
They are important to our lives and are excellent role models.

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For Opinion B
Coaches are often mean to children who are not good at the sport that they are playing.
Some of them do tell us that trying is the most important thing, but many others are very cut-throat
about winning. All they want is for the players to do well so that they look good. Many coaches are
very self-serving.

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