Functional English 1

Functional English

Name
Sabghatullah
Program of study: BS 1st Semester
Supervisor: Ma’am: Zartash Khanwal

Department of Computer science & Information Technologies

University of Baluchistan
Session: 2023___2024
Section B
 Functional English 2

Assignment# 1
Parts of speech
Define adverb and classification of adverb with 4 example of each classification
Adverb:
Adverb is verb which modify / increase verb, adjective and adverb as well.
Example:
1. She speaks fluently.
2. They played football yesterday.
3. He writes very well.
4. They are very honest.
Types of Adverb:
1. Adverb of Manner
Those adverbs which show the action and method of doing an action.
Examples:
1. We went slowly.
2. He came quickly.
3. We play well.
4. He took the phone urgently.
2. Adverb of Place:
Those verbs which show the place of an action.
i.e. in, out, up, down, here, there, school...
Examples:
1. We are in.
2. We are at home.
3. Put the book here.
4. Come in and attend the class.
3. Adverb of Time:
Those adverbs which shows the time when the work is done.
Like: Now, then, after, before, till…...
1. Definite Adverb of time:
These adverbs of time show exact time of action.
Example:
1. They come to call yesterday.
2. They will play cricket tomorrow.
 Functional English 3

2. In-definite Adverb of time:

These adverbs of time do not show the exact time of action.
Ex: Already, yet, recently, anymore, etc…
1. He has already written the story.
2. I am still waiting for him.
3. Focusing Adverb:
These adverbs help to modify or give more information about our an adjective or an
Other adverbs.
These focus on a specific aspect of the sentence. Providing more detail are emphasis.
Example:
1. I only eat meat.
2. He just completed his work.
3. This water purely clean.
4. Relative Adverb:
These adverbs are used connect nouns/ pronouns with relative clause.
Relative adverb is where, when, why, and how….
Example:
1. This is a house where he lives.
2. I don’t know when they will come.
3. Tell me why you were late today.
5. Interrogative Adverbs:
Those adverbs which are asked to interrogate or ask about something are called
Interrogative adverbs. These are when, where, why, and how.
Example:
1. where will you go?
2. when do they come?
3. How will you go there?
 Functional English 4

6. Adverb of frequency:
Adverbs of frequency indicate that how often an action takes place.
It has three categories.
1. high frequency:
Examples:
Always, usually, often, frequently, etc.
I always meet my friends.
They frequently travel by air.
2.medium frequency:
Example:
Sometimes, occasionally, periodically period, etc.
We sometimes invite our friends.
The company periodically offers training sessions.
3.low frequency:
Examples:
Rarely, seldom, hardly ever.
I rarely eat fast food.
We hardly ever miss an opportunity.
7.Adverb of reason:
Adverb of reason a words that indicate the reason or purpose behind an action or situation.
Some adverbs are because, since, as, due to, thanks to.
Example:
1. I am tired because I stayed up all night
2. she did not come to the party since she was feeling ill.
3.he did not get the job as he lacked experience.

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 Functional English 5

ASSIGNMENT#2
ARTICLES
Define and indefinite Articles. Fill in the Blanks
1. I am going to the store to buy a book.
2. I need to buy a new pen.
3. The sun is shining brightly in the sky.
4. I reading a book about history.
5. I am going to the store to buy the milk.
6. I am going to the park to play with my friends.
7. I need to buy an umbrella because it’s running.
8. the teacher is giving the lecture on grammar.
9. I am reading an article about technology.
10. I am looking for an apartment to rent.
11. Did you hear the news about the discovery of a new plant?
12. I am reading an article about climate change.
13. the internet has revolutionized communication, but it also has downsides.
14. I need to buy a new phone.
15. there is an interesting article about climate change in today’s newspaper.
16. I am looking for a new job.
17. Can you pass me the salt, please?
18. I need to buy an electric toothbrush.
19. Have you ever seen the northern Lights?
20. I am reading a novel by jane Austen.
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ASSIGNMENT#3
TENSES\

Exercise 1: Choose the most appropriate tense to complete each sentence.

 Functional English 6

1. I usually watch (watch/ watches/watched) TV in the evening, but tonight I am going out. (present simple)

2.she is travelling (travels/travelled/is travelling) to Europe next summer. (present continuous)

3. we have eaten (ate/eat/eaten/) dinner already. (present perfect)

4.When I was (was/am/were/) a child, I wanted to be a doctor. (past simple)

5.while I was cooking (cooked/was cooking/cook), my phone rang (rang/rings/is ringing).(past continuous)
6. they will visit (will visit/visited) their grandparent’s tomorrow. (future simple)
7. if I had known (had known /know/knew) you were coming; I would have backed a cake (past perfect)
8. by the time they arrive, we will have finished (will have finished /finish/finished) cleaning. (future perfect)
9.I have been learning (have been learning /learn/learned) a French for two years. (present perfect continue)
10.He was writing (was writing /wrote/ writes) a letter when you interrupted him. (past continuous)
11.the train leaves (leaves/left) for London at 8 pm every night. (present simple)
12.I thought (think/thought) I saw a familiar face at the store earlier. (past simple)
113.We will be going (will be going/went) to the beach next weekend, if the weather is nice. (future conditional)
14.she has been working (has been working/worked) at that company for ten years. (present perfect)
15.by the time she gets (gets/got) home, the movie will have already (will have already started/started).
(future perfect /past simple)
16.he studied (studies/studied) for his exams all night, so we are very tried now. (past simple)
17.What did you do (are you doing/did you do) when the lights went out? (present continuous/past simpl)
18.I wish (wish/wished) I could speak Spanish fluently. (present simple/ past simple)
19.They had been planning (had been planning/planned) their trip for months before they finally left. (past
Perfect continuous/past simple)
20.if I won (win/won) the lottery, I would travel around the world. (past simple/conditional)
Exercise 2: Identifying verb tenses (circle the tense)
For each sentence, choose the tense of the underlined verb.
1. she reads a book every night. (simple present, present perfect, past perfect)
2.the children were swimming in the pool when it started to rain. (simple past, past continuous,
Past perfect)
3.we will visit. (simple future, future continuous, future perfect)
4.sarah graduated from university last year. (simple past, present perfect past perfect)
5.the dog has been digging a hole in the garden all afternoon. (simple present, present perfect continuous,
 Functional English 7

Present perfect)
6. we have been waiting for the bus for an hour. (simple past / present perfect continuous)
77. they will travel to Europe next summer. (future simple /future continuous)
8. I went to the store yesterday. (simple past/past continuous)

9. I eat lunch at noon every day. (simple present, present continuous, past perfect)
10. they left for their trip yesterday morning. (simple past, past continuous past perfect)

11.by the time I arrive, she will have finished her work. (simple future, future continuous, future perfect)
12.we have known each other for ten years. (simple present, present perfect, present continuous)
13.my mother goes to pray in the temple. (simple present, present perfect, present continuous)
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ASSIGNMENT#4
TRANSLETION AND RETRANSLETION OF TENSES

Passage#2:
Bribery and corruption have become a part of society. These things are not related to a department or a
Specific part of society.it seems to be a necessary component of every department and institution. Life is
Not so easy anymore. The middle class has lost its way in order to follow rich people. We lose a lot of time in
In getting the luxuries of life. The race to defeat others and to become rich is pushing the society towards
Bribery and corruption

‫روشتاوردبونعاین مہارےاعمرشےاک ک‬
‫ایہصحنباکچےہ۔ہیزیچیسکادارے کایاعمرشےےکیسکاخصہصحےسقلعتںیہنرےتھک۔ہکلبہیداھکیئداتیےہ۔ہکہی م ر‬
‫ہادارےاکالزیمہصحنباکچ‬

‫ےہ۔‬ ‫اےہ۔زدنیگم ک د‬
‫ریآاسنںیہنریہ۔درایمینےقبطےکولگاریمولوگںیکدیلقترکےتوہےئاانپراہتسوھبلےکچ‬

‫مہرپشیعتزدنیگزگارےنےکزاعئایک۔دورسوںوکتسکشاوراریمےننبےکرکچںیماعمرشہروشتاوردبونعاینیکرطفاگمرنوہراہےہ۔‬
 Functional English 8

Passage# 2:
‫پاکستان ایک امن پسند ملک ہے۔ ہم اپنے ہمسائیوں سے ہمیشہ دوستانہ تعلقات رکھنا چاہتے ہیں۔لیکن اس کا مطلب یہ نہیں کہ ہم‬
‫اپنے دفاع سے غافل ہوجائیں۔ ہمیں اپنے گردوپیش پر نظررکھنےکی ضرورت ہے۔ ہمیں اتنا مضبوط ہونا چاہیے کہ کوئی ہمیں‬
‫نقصان پہچانے کا سوچ بھی نہ سکے۔موجودہ دور میں مضبوط دفاع ہی امن ضمانت ہے۔‬

Pakistan is a peaceful country. We always want to maintain cordial relationship with the neighbors. But it
Does not mean that we may remain ignorant of our defense. we need to watch around. We should be so
Strong that none may think of damaging us.in the present era, strong defense is the symbol of peace.

Exercise 1: English to Urdu

‫ت‬ ‫ت ت‬
1. why dose ail waste his time? ،‫رکیےہ؟‬
‫یلعویکںوقاضعئ ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
2. he had been planting trees since the 10th. ‫وہدسیارخیےسدرخااگراہاھت ۔‬

3. I am feeling dizzy. ‫ںیموخدوکارسفدہوسحمسرکراہوہں۔‬

4.will all the birds have flown? ‫ایکمترپدنےاڑےکچوہےگ؟‬

5.good boys always speak the truth. ‫اےھچےچبہشیمہچسوبےتلںیہ۔‬

6. he was making lame excuses. ‫وہی ل‬

‫ااقبنیقیاہبےنرکرےہےھت۔‬

7.they will not have been playing hide and seek since noon. ‫وہدورہپےسآھکنوچمیلںیہنلیھکرےہوہےگ۔‬

N 8.our team score a goal. ‫مہارےمیٹےن ک‬

‫ایوگلایک۔‬

9.people will not be flying kites today. ‫ولگآجگنتپںیہناڑرےہوہےگ۔‬

10. the water level not rising. ‫یایناکحطساورپںیہنوہراہےہ۔‬

11.they have not searched for the lost child. ‫وہوھکےئوہےئےچبوکالتشوکںیہنالتشرکےکچںیہ۔‬

12.pakistan will not import cement. ‫یااتسکنٹنمیسوکدرآدمںیہنرکےگن۔‬

13.Had your brother already passed the examination? ‫ایکآپےکاھبیئےنےلہپےسااحتمنیاسرکاکچاھت۔‬

14. the potter will not have fired the pots ‫اہمکرےنےلمگوکیاینںیہندےےکچوہےگن۔‬

15.the patient has not not been taking medicine for two days. ‫رمضیدودنےسدوایئںیہنےلراہوہاگ‬
 Functional English 9

Exercise 2: Urdu to English

‫ت‬
1. simple people are always deceived. ‫اسدہولوگںوکارثکدوھہکد کای ا‬
‫اجیےہ۔‬

2.wheat were not grown last year. ‫ےلھچپاسلدنگمہنوبیٹیئگ۔‬

‫ت‬
3.the roads are being repaired. ‫ڑسوکںیکرممیکاجریہےہ۔‬

4.will he be fined? ‫ایکاےس لجرامہنایکاجاگیئ؟‬

5. the criminal has been hanged. ‫رجمموکاھپیسندیاجیکچےہ۔‬

6. the water was not taken out from the well. ‫ونکںیےسیاینںیہناکنالاجراہاھت۔‬

7. the was closed be two 0 clock. ‫درتفدوےجبےسےلہپدنبرکد کایایگاھت۔‬

‫ت‬
8. will the house have been repaid? ‫ایکاکمنیکرمموہیکچوہیئگ؟‬

9.the Gardner will have been plucking the flowers for two hours. ‫امیلدوےٹنھگےسوھپلوتڑراہوہاگ۔‬

10.they will not have committed this mistake. ‫اوہنںےنہییطلغںیہنیکوہیگ۔‬

‫ت‬
11.we had not listen this news till yesterday. ‫مہےنلکیہیربخہنینسیھت۔‬

12. where the rich have been robbed. ‫ولیےہ؟‬

‫ڈاوکںےناریمآدیموکاہک ا‬

113.he is drawing the map of Pakistan. ‫وہیااتسکناکہشقنانبراہاھت۔‬

14.will your brother have assisted you? ‫ایکاہمترےاھبیئےناہمترااہھتاٹہ کیا؟‬

15.when the birds are signing. ‫رپدنےبکاہچہچےتںیہ؟‬

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 Functional English 10

ASSIGNMENT#5
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
EXCERCISE1: change the active voice in to passive voice

1. the chef cooked a delicious meal.

A delicious meal was cooked.
2. the children played outside all afternoon.

3. the artist painted a beautiful lands scape.

A beautiful landscape was painted by the artist.
4.the teacher explained the concept clearly
The concept war explained by the teacher clearly.
5.the dog chased the ball in the park.
The ball was chased by the dog in the park.
6.we visited the museum yesterday.
The museum was visited by us yesterday.
7.scientist are developing new technologies every day.
New technologies are being developed new technologies every day.
8. my mother will back cake of my birthday.
A cake will be backed by my mother for my birthday.
9. the fire alarm woke me up last night.
I was woken up by the fire alarm last night.
10. they have been cleaning the house all morning.
Un changeable sentence according to the rules of English grammar.
 Functional English 11

Exercise 2: change passive voice in to active voice.

1. the report was written by the intern.
The intern wrote the report.
2. dinner was being prepared by the time I arrived.
When I arrived, the dinner was preparing by someone.
3. the flowers were picked from the garden by Sarah.
Sarah picked the flowers from the garden.
4. The move will be directed by a famous filmmaker.
A famous filmmaker will direct the movie.
5. the mystery was finally solved by the detectives.
The detective solved the mystery finally.
6. it is believed that the earth is around
Natural truth is un able to be change according to the rules of English grammar.
7. the package that was delivered yesterday contained a new phone.
Un able to change according to the rules of English grammar.
8. Having finished his homework, john went outside to play.
It is perfect participle un able to be change
9. the research paper will be presented by a group of student’s tomorrow.
A group of students will present the research paper tomorrow.
10. the lost kitten was found by a kind neighbor and returned to its owner.
A kind neighbor founded the lost kitten and returned to its owner.

Exercise 3: convert these active voice in to passive voice and also identify the type of tenses.
1. the scientist conducted the experiment.
The experiment was conducted by scientist. (past simple tense)
2. the artist painted beautiful portrait.
A beautiful portrait was painted by the artist. (past simple)
3. the chef baked delicious cake.
A delicious cake was backed by the chef. (past simple tense)
4. the students are studying for their exams.
Instructive verb can’t be changed. (past continuous)
5. I wrote a letter yesterday
 Functional English 12

A letter was written by me yesterday. (past simple tense)

6. they were working on the project all weekend.
Interactive verb can’t be changed. (past continuous)
7. she will visit her grandparents next week.
Her grandparents will be visited by her parents next week (future indefinite)
8. we will be travelling across Europe next summer.
Travel verbs are not changed in to passive voice. (present prefect)
9. they have finished painting the house.
Painting the house has beenfinishedby them. (present prefect)
10. she had already eaten dinner before I arrived. (past perfect tense)

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ON
 Functional English 13

ASSIGNMENT#6
APPLICATION

1. write an application for an urgent pace of work.

To,
The principle
Computer science & IT department
University of Baluchistan
Subject: request for sick leave
Respected sir, Madam
Owing to urgently faced fever today, I am unable to attend the classes in the institute today’
Hence forth, you are optimiscally requested to grant approval for one -day leave so that I may
Resolve the recently faced urgent issue at home.
Thanking in an application
Dated: 29-06-20024

Your sincerely,
MR, Sabghat Allah
 Functional English 14

2. write an application for a sick leave/one- day leave application

To,
The principle,
Computer science & and it department
University of Baluchistan
Subject: Request for sick leave
Respected sir, madam
Owing to an urgently faced fever today, I am unable to attend the classes in the institute
Issue today
hence forth, you are optimistically requested to grant approval for one -day leave so that I may take
Rest for rapid recovery
Thanking in application
Date:29-7-20024

Your sincerely,
Mr. sabghat Allah
 Functional English 15

3. write an application to your to our professor to issue a character certificate.

To,
The principle,
Computer science & and it department
University of Baluchistan
Subject: request for issuing character corticated
Respected sir, madam
It is Stan that I have qualified my final semester from your well esteemed institute with
Good marks and now I am going to proceed for higher studies witch need a character certificate
As a requirement.
Therefore, you are requested to issue a character certificate for me so that I may not face any
Problem in my admission
Date:29-06 2024 thanking application
Your sincerely
Mr., sabghat Allah
4.write half day leave application to your subject teacher.
TO,
The principle,
Computer science & and it department
University of Baluchistan
Subject: request for half day leave
Respected sir, madam
Owing to an urgent faced domestic work at home now, I am unable to attend the remaining
Classes in the institute today.
Hence forth, you are optimiscally requested to grant approval for a half day leave so that I may
Resolve the recently faced urgent issue at home.
Thanking application
Date:29-06-2024
 Functional English 16

Your sincerely,
Mr., Sabghat Allah

5.write an application to your chairperson for the retake of an exam.

To,
The chairperson
Computer science &and it department
University of Baluchistan
Subject: request for re-take of exam
Respected sir, madam
Owing to an urgently faced domestic work at home during the previous week, I was unable
To attend the exam in the institute.
Hence forth, you are optimistically requested to grant approval for re take the exam. So
So that my studies may not disturb

Thanking in application

Date:29 07 2024
Your sincerely
Mr., sabghat ullah