NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

MATHEMATICS P1

FEBRUARY/MARCH 2010

MEMORANDUM

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 19 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 2 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 1

1.1.1 ( x − 3)( x + 5) = 9
x 2 + 2 x − 15 = 9 9 expansion

x 2 + 2 x − 24 = 0 9 standard form
( x + 6)( x − 4) = 0
9 factorisation
x = 4 or x = – 6
9 answers
(4)
1.1.2 2 x − 3x − 2 ≤ 0
2

9 factors
(2 x + 1)( x − 2) ≤ 0
1 9 critical values
Critical values : − and 2
2

+ 0 – 0 +
– 0,5 2
– 0,5 2

1
− ≤x≤2
2 99 answer
(4)
1.2 y = −2 x − 2...................(1) 9 y = −2 x − 2
− 2 x 2 + 8 xy + 42 = y........( 2)
9 substitution
− 2 x 2 + 8 x(−2 x − 2) + 42 = −2 x − 2
− 2 x 2 − 16 x 2 − 16 x + 42 + 2 x + 2 = 0
9simplification
− 18 x 2 − 14 x + 44 = 0
9 x 2 + 7 x − 22 = 0
(9 x − 11)( x + 2) = 0 9 factors
11
∴x = or x = −2 9 answers for x
9
⎛ 11 ⎞
∴ y = −2⎜ ⎟ − 2 ∴ y = −2(−2) − 2
⎝9⎠
40
∴y =− ∴y =2 99 answers for y
9 (7)

OR

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 3 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

y = −2 x − 2...................(1)
− 2 x 2 + 8 xy + 42 = y........( 2)

− 2( x 2 − 21) 9 equating
y = −2( x + 1) =
1 − 8x 9 simplification
∴ ( x + 1)(1 − 8 x) = x 2 − 21
9standard form
x − 8 x 2 + 1 − 8 x = x 2 − 21
9 x 2 + 7 x − 22 = 0 9 factors
(9 x − 11)( x + 2) = 0
9 answers for x
11
∴x = or x = −2
9
⎛ 11 ⎞
∴ y = −2⎜ ⎟ − 2 ∴ y = −2(−2) − 2
⎝9⎠
99 answers for y
40 (7)
∴y =− ∴y =2
9

OR

y = −2 x − 2...................(1)
− 2 x 2 + 8 xy + 42 = y........( 2)
( − y − 2)
9 x=
x=
(− y − 2) 2
2
9 substitution
⎛ (− y − 2 ) ⎞ ⎛ (− y − 2 ) ⎞
2

− 2⎜ ⎟ + 8 y⎜ ⎟ + 42 − y = 0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ y2 + 4y + 4 ⎞
− 2⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 4 y (− y − 2 ) + 42 − y = 0
⎝ 4 ⎠ 9simplification
y + 4 y + 4 + 8 y + 16 y − 84 + 2 y = 0
2 2

9 y 2 + 22 y − 80 = 0 9 factors
( y − 2)(9 y + 40) = 0
40 9 answers for y
y = 2 or y = −
9

11
x = −2 or x =
9 99 answers for x
(7)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 4 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

1.3 g ( x) = x 2
9 g(9) = 81
g (9) = 81
f ( x) = 4 x
9 substitution
f ( g (9)) = f (81) = 4(81)
= 2(9) 9 answer
= 18 (3)

OR
9 g(9) = 92
g (9) = 9 2 9 substitution
9 answer
∴ f ( g (9)) = 2 2.9 2 = 18 (3)

OR
f ( g ( x)) = 4 g ( x)
9
= 4x 2 f ( g ( x)) = 4 g ( x)
= 2x 9 substitution
f ( g (9)) = 2(9)
= 18 9 answer
(3)
1.4 14
63 − 28
14
= 9 simplification
3 7 −2 7
14 7
= × 9 simplification
7 7
9 rationalising the
=2 7 denominator

a = 2 and b = 7 9 answer
But 2 7 = 28 (4)
So a = 1 and b = 28 is also a solution.

[22]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 5 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 2
2.1 399 ; 360 ; 323 ; 288 ; 255

– 39 – 37 – 35 – 33 9 2nd difference
constant
2 2 2
Let Tn = an + bn + c
2
9a=1
Then
2a = 2
9 b+ c = 398
a =1
T1 = 399 : a + b + c = 399 ; b + c = 398 9 2b + c =356
T2 = 360 : 4a + 2b + c = 360 ; 2b + c = 356 9 b = – 42
9 c = 440
b = −42
c = 440 (6)
Tn = n − 42n + 440
2

OR
2a = 2
a =1
T2 − T1 = −39 9 2nd difference
4a + 2b + c − a − b − c = −39 constant
3a + b = −39 9a=1
3 + b = −39 9 3a+ b = –39
b = −42 9 b = – 42
a + b + c = 399
9 a + b + c = 399
1 − 42 + c = 399
c = 440 9 c = 440
Tn = n − 42n + 440
2 (6)

OR
2a = 2
9 2nd difference
a =1
constant
399 − T0 = −41 9a=1
T0 = 440. 9 399 − T0 = −41
But T0 = c 9 c = 440
∴ c = 440
9
Tn = n 2 + bn + 440 399 = 12 + b(1) + 440
399 = 12 + b(1) + 440
399 − 441 = b 9 b = – 42
− 42 = b
Tn = n 2 − 42n + 440
OR (6)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 6 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

The sequence is 202 – 1 ; 192 – 1 ; 182 – 1 ; 172 – 1 ; ……. 99rewriting terms

T1 = 20 2 = (20 − 0) 2 − 1 as squares
999 establishing
T2 = 19 2 = (20 − 1) 2 − 1 that
T3 = 18 2 = (20 − 2) 2 − 1 Tn = (20 − ( n − 1)) 2
Tn = (20 − (n − 1)) 2 − 1 = (21 − n) 2 − 1 9 Tn = (21 − n) 2
(6)

2.2 n 2 − 42n + 440 = 0 9 equation

(n − 22)(n − 20) = 0
n = 22 and n = 20
both terms 22 and 20 have values of 0. 99 answers
(3)
OR

(21 − n) 2 − 1 = 0
21 − n = 1 or − 1 9 equation
n = 20 or n = 22
99 answers
(3)
2.3 − (−42)
n=
2(1)
9 answer
n = 21 (1)
At the 21st term, the lowest value is obtained.

OR
2n − 42 = 0
2n = 42
n = 21
∴At the 21st term, the lowest value is obtained. 9 answer
(1)
OR

Tn = ( 21 − n) 2 − 1∴
For n = 21, Tn = ( 21 − n) 2 − 1 = ( 21 − 21) 2 − 1 = −1 9 answer
For n = 21, the lowest value (= –1) is obtained. (1)
[10]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 7 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 3

3.1 Let
S n = a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + KK + ar n −1 (1) 9 writing S n as a
Then series
r × S n = r (a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + KK + ar n −1 )
9 writing r.S n as a
= ar + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + KK + ar n −1 + ar n (2)
series
(2) – (1) gives:
rS n − S n = ar n − a
9 subtracting
S n (r − 1) = a(r n − 1) 9 removing
a(r n − 1) common factors
Sn = (4)
(r − 1)

3.2 1
a = 3; r = 1
3 9r=
a 3
S∞ =
1− r
3
= 9 substitution
1
1−
3
9 9 answer
=
2 (3)
[7]

QUESTION 4

4.1 Term Income Expenses Savings 9 30 000

1 120 000 90 000 30 000 9 27 000
2 132 000 105 000 27 000 9 24 000
3 144 000 120 000 24 000

30 000 + 27 000 + 24 000 + …+ 0. 9 series (4)

4.2 Savings = Income – Expenses

Income in year n = 120 000 + 12 000(n – 1)
Expenses in year n = 90 000 + 15 000(n – 1)

120000 + 12000(n − 1) = 90000 + 15000(n − 1) 99 equating

30000 + 12000n − 12000 = 15000n − 15000
33000 = 3000n
n = 11 9 answer
∴ After 11 years. (3)
OR
Copyright reserved Please turn over
Mathematics/P1 8 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

a = 30 000 d = –3000 99 equation

Tn = 30000 + (n − 1)(−3000)
0 = 30000 − 3000n + 3000
9 answer
3000n = 33000 (3)
∴ n = 11
∴ After 11 years

4.3 120000 + 12000(25 − 1) = 90000 + x(25 − 1) 9equating

x = 13250
9 answer
(2)
[9]

QUESTION 5

5.1 y = 1 9 answer
x=3 9 answer
(2)
5.2 2 x −1
+1 y=
0−3 x−3
OR
1 1
= ∴ f ( 0) = 9 answer
3 3
⎛ 1⎞
y-int ⎜ 0 ; ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
2 9 substitution
x-int: 0= +1 y=0
x−3
f ( x) = 0
0 = 2 + ( x − 3)
OR ⇒ x −1 = 0 9 answer
1= x
⇒ x =1 (3)
(1 ; 0)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 9 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

5.3 y 9 shape
5 9 asymptotes
9 both intercepts
4 (3)
3

1
x
1
-3 -2 -1 3 1 2 3 4 5 6

-1

-2

-3
[8]

QUESTION 6

6.1 − x2 + 7 x + 8 = 0
9=0
x2 − 7 x − 8 = 0
( x − 8)( x + 1) = 0 9 factors
x = 8 or x = – 1
A(– 1 ; 0) 9 answer A
B(8 ; 0) 9 answer B
(4)
6.2 − x + 7 x + 8 = −3 x + 24
2 9 equating
− x 2 + 10 x − 16 = 0 9 standard form
x − 10 x + 16 = 0
2

( x − 8)( x − 2) = 0 9 factors
x = 8 or x = 2
9 answer
x-value of D is 2. (i.e. a = 2 )
(4)
6.3 ST = (− x + 7 x + 8) − (− 3 x + 24 )
2 9 subtraction
9 answer
= − x 2 + 10 x − 16 (2)
6.4 − 10 9 method
Maximum length of ST is at x = = 5.
2(−1)
9 answer
Maximum length of ST is − 5 2 + 50 − 16 = 9 .
(2)

OR
9 method
4(−1)(−16) − 10 2 9 answer
Maximum length of ST is =9
4(−1) (2)
[12]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 10 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 7

7.1 y = log3 x 9 answer

(1)
7.2 −1
y = f ( x)
y

−1
y= f ( x) 9 x-intercept
1
9 shape
−1
y= f ( x − 2) y = f −1 ( x − 2)
x
1 2 3 4 5 9 x-intercept
9 shape
(4)
-1

-2

7.3 2<x<5 99 answer

(2)
[7]

QUESTION 8

8.1
y

4
9 shape
9 x-intercept
3 9 vertical asymptote

(3)
2

x
-90 -60 -30 30 60 90

-1

-2

-3

-4

8.2 x = −60° 9 answer

(1)
8.3 tan(30° − x ) = − tan( x − 30°) 9 reflection
Reflection about the x-axis 9 x-axis
(2)
[6]
Copyright reserved Please turn over
Mathematics/P1 11 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 9

9.1.1 Total amount = P(1 + in) 9 substitution into

= 55 000(1 + 0,1275(4)) simple interest formula
= 83 050 9 answer
83050 9 ÷ 48
Monthly instalment =
4 × 12
= R 1730,21 9 answer (4)
9.1.2 ⎡ ⎛ 0,2 ⎞ −12×4 ⎤ 9 substitution into
x ⎢1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥ formula
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 0,2
55000 = 9i=
0,2 12
12 9 n = 48
x = R 1 673,67 9 answer
a better option because monthly repayments are less. (4)
9.1.3 1673,67 × 48
= 80336,16 9 80336,16
80336,16 = 55000(1 + 4i ) 9
1,460657455... = 1 + 4i 80336,16 = 55000 (1 + 4i )
i = 0,11516436...
Rate = 11,52%
9 answer
(3)
9.2
80000 =
[
25000 1 − (1 + 0,1375) −n
] 9 substitution into
0,1375 correct formula
11 9 simplification
= 1 − (1 + 0,1375) − n
25
14
= (1 + 0,1375) −n
25
14 9 taking log of both
log = − n log(1,1375) sides
25
n = 4,50054779 9 answer
The money will last for 4 full years (4)

OR

Candidate guesses 4 years.

Then balance available at the end of 4 years (after the 4th 9 guesses 4 years
withdrawal) is
⎛ (1 + 0,1375)4 − 1 ⎞ 99 calculates balance at
80000(1 + 0,1375) − 25000⎜⎜ ⎟ = R11354,86 .
4

0,1375 ⎟ end of 4th year

⎝ ⎠
th
At the end of the 5 year cannot have grown to R25000. 9 conclusion about
balance.
(4)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 12 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

9.3.1 A = P + ( P i ) n which is a linear function of n. 9 linear

(1)
9.3.2
A
9 P>0

P 9 slope >0
(2)

O n

Accept also:
A

O n

9.3.3 The slope is Pi . Therefore this is the increase for A for each 9 Pi
increase of 1 in n. (1)

OR

A(n + 1) − A(n) = [P + Pi (n + 1)] − [P + Pi n]

= Pi[(n + 1) − n]
= Pi

OR

A(1) − A(0) = ( P + Pi ) − ( P + 0) = Pi [19]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 13 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 10

10.1 f ( x + h) − f ( x )
f ′( x) = lim
h→0 h
1 1
− 9 substitution into
= lim x + h x correct formula
h→0 h
x − ( x + h)
x ( x + h) 9 expansion
= lim
h→0 h
−h 1
= lim × 9 simplification
h → 0 x ( x + h) h
1
= lim −
h → 0 x ( x + h)

1 9 answer
=− 2 (4)
x
10.2 y = (2 − 5 x) 2
9 simplification
y = 4 − 20 x + 25 x 2
dy 99 answers
= −20 + 50 x
dx (3)

OR

y = (2 − 5 x) 2
9 simplification
By the chain rule
dy
= (2)(2 − 5 x)(−5) 99 answers
dx (3)
= −20 + 50 x [7]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 14 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 11

11.1 0= x−2
x=2
A(2 ; 0) 9 answer
(1)
11.2 f (−1) = 0 : − a + c = 2 9 −a+c = 2
f ( 2) = 0 : 8a − 2c = 2 9 8a − 2c = 2
9 a =1
a = 1, c = 3
9 c=3
OR

a ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x − 2) = 0 9 factors

a (0 + 1)(0 + 1)(0 − 2) = −2 9 substitution
− 2a = −2
a =1
9a
f ( x) = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)( x − 2) 9c=–3
= x3 − 3x − 2
c=–3 (4)
11.3 f ′( x) = 0 9 f ′( x ) = 0
3x 2 − 3 = 0 9 x2 −1
x2 −1 = 0
( x + 1)( x − 1) = 0 9 answer
B(1 ; – 4) (3)

11.4 x − 2 = x 3 − 3x − 2 9 equating f and g

9 standard form
0 = x3 − 4x
0 = x( x 2 − 4)
0 = x( x − 2)( x + 2) 9 factors
9 x C = −2
xC = −2, y C = (−2) 2 − 3(−2) − 2 = −4
9 yC = − 4
C(– 2 ; – 4)
− 4 − (−4)
mBC =
1 − (−2) 9m=0
=0 9 conclusion
BC is parallel to the x-axis. (7)

OR

Following from C(– 2 ; – 4), B and C have the same y – coordinate,

viz. – 4. So BC is parallel to the x-axis. (7)

OR

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 15 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

( x − 2) = ( x − 2)( x + 1) 2
∴ ( x + 1) 2 = 1 for x ≠ 2
∴ x +1 = ±1
∴ x = 0 or x = −2
(7)
y = −4
11.5 f ′′( x) = 0 9 f ′′( x ) = 0
6x = 0
9 answer
x=0
(2)
11.6 k < −4 or k > 0 99 answer
9 or
(3)
11.7 f ′( x ) < 0
−1 < x < 1 99answer
(2)
OR

3(x 2 − 1 ) < 0
99answer
if ( x + 1)( x − 1) < 0 (2)
−1 < x < 1 [22]

This alternative memo must be used for students who follow through using c = – 3. This
marking memo must be used independently of the one provided in the existing memorandum.

QUESTION 11
11.1 0=x–2
x=2 3 answer
A(2 : 0) (1)
11.2
f ′( −1) = 0 ; - a + c = 2 33 f ′( −1) = 0 ; - a + c = 2

f ( 2) = 0 ; 8a − 2c = 2 33 f (2) = 0 ; 8a − 2c = 2
(4)
11.3 f ( x) = x 2 + 3x − 2 33 f ′( x ) = 0
f ′( x) = 0
3 3x 2 + 3 = 0
3x + 3 = 0
2

(3)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 16 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

11.4 If not attempted ( 3 marks)

OR

To calculate C
x − 2 = x 3 + 3x − 2 3 3 3 x − 2 = x 3 + 3x − 2
x3 + 2x = 0
3 x3 + 2 x = 0
x( x + 2) = 0
2

x=0 3 x( x 2 + 2) = 0
y = −2
3 x=0

3 y = −2
(7)

11.5 x = 0 ( any method used) 33 answer (2)

11.6 Not Attempted : 0 marks

OR

k>0 333 answer

(3)

11.7 If x > -1, Maximum of 1 Mark

OR
x is between -1 and ( x – value ) of B

f ( x) = x 3 + 3x - 2
f ′( x) = 3x 2 + 3 < 0 33 f ′( x) = 3 x 2 + 3 < 0
(2)
[22]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 17 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 12

12.1 4− x x 9 answer
Length of sides of square = = 1−
4 4 (1)
12.2 x = 2πr
x x
r= 9 r=
2π 2π
2 2
⎛4− x⎞ ⎛ x ⎞
Areas = ⎜ ⎟ +π⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 2π ⎠ 9 sum of areas
16 − 8 x + x 2 x 2
= +
16 4π
9 simplification
1 ⎛1 1 ⎞ 2
= 1− x + ⎜ + ⎟x
2 ⎝ 16 4π ⎠ 9 simplification

OR (4)

x = 2πr
x 9r
r=
2π
2 2
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x ⎞ 9 sum of areas
⎜ 1 − ⎟ + π ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2π ⎠
1 x2 x2
1− x + + 9 simplification
2 16 4π
1 ⎛π + 4⎞ 2 9 simplification
1− x + ⎜ ⎟x
2 ⎝ 16π ⎠ (4)

12.3 −b
x=
2a
1
99 substitution
= 2
⎛ +4⎞
π
9 answer
2⎜ ⎟
⎝ 16π ⎠ (3)
= 1,76 meter
OR

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 18 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

1 π +4
9 f ′( x) = + x
1 x (π + 4)
2
2 8π
f ( x) = 1 − x+
2 16π 9 f ′( x) = 0
1 π +4
f ′( x) = 0 = − + x
2 8π
4π = (π + 4) x
4π 9 answer
x=
π +4 (3)
x = 1,76 m for the circle and 2,24 m for the square [8]

QUESTION 13

13.1 4 x + 2 y ≤ 32 ∴ y ≤ −2 x + 16 9 answer
x 9 answer
2 x + 4 y ≤ 36 ∴ y ≤ − + 9 9 answer
2
x + y ≤ 10 ∴ y ≤ − x + 10 (3)
13.2 Attached graph 9 y = −2 x + 16
x
9 y = − +9
2
9 y = − x + 10
9 feasible region
(4)
13.3 P = 60x + 80y 9 answer
(1)
13.4 80 y = −60 x + P
13.4
3 P 9 search line
y =− x+
4 480
Maximum profit at (2; 8) 99 (2 ; 8)
∴ Grade 10: 2 learners must be trained to give a maximum profit
Grade 11: 8 learners must be trained to give a maximum profit (3)
13.5 4 4
m=− 9m = −
3 3
Since the gradient of the new profit function is not equal to the 9 (6 ; 4)
gradient of the initial profit function, the new maximum point is
(6 ; 4) that gives an optimal solution. (2)

[13]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Mathematics/P1 19 DoE/Feb. – March 2010
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 13.2 & 13.4

y
20

18

16

14
Grade 11 learners

12

10

x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Grade 10 learners

Copyright reserved