BUILDING CONSTRUCTION III (AR 554)

Course Objectives:

Impart knowledge to the students about steel in structural works,

roof trusses, concrete floors and pavements, cast in situ and
precast concrete stair types, framed buildings and foundations,
joints in concrete, internal and external claddings, false ceilings
and on cavity walls, curtain walls and light weight partitions etc.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION III (AR 554)
1. STEEL STRUCTURES
1.1 Shapes of steel structure, use of rivet and welding methods.
1.2 Types of steel structure members, beams, columns and girders.
2. ROOF TRUSSES
2.1 Types of timber and steel trusses
2.2 Flat and pitched trusses of timber and timber and steel, its comparison and uses.
3. FLOORS
3.1 Suspended Floors
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Function
3.2 Concrete Floors
4. CONCRETE STAIRS
4.1 Precast and cast-in-situ concrete stairs
4.2 Types and constructions
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION III (AR 554)
5. JOINTS IN CONCRETE
5.1 Different construction joints in concrete
-construction joints, expansion joints, contraction joints, isolation and sliding joints
-Joints between precast concrete cladding panels.
5.2 Location of joints for different elements, slabs, beams, columns, walls.
5.3 Bonding of new concrete to old
5.4 Materials used in expansion joints.
-Joints in walls, frame walls, floors, roof.
5.5 Spacing of expansion joints.
6. CLADDINGS
6.1 Cladding for external and internal finishes, necessities and uses.
6.2 Plasterworks, paints, dry lining, tiles, quarry tiles and internal fixings.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION III (AR 554)
7. FALSE CEILING
7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types 7.3 Its uses
7.4 Materials and construction technology
8. WALL AND PARTITIONS
8.1 Introduction to cavity walls, purpose, stability
8.2 building regulation for cavity walls with reference to materials and construction
8.3 Comparison of pros/cons of cavity walls
8.4 Curtain walls, materials used and concept of load transference
8.5 Windows wall, illumination visual effect, daylight, heating
8.6 Lightweight partitions, advantages, material used, requirements, timber partitions,
lining materials.
8.7 steel framed partitions
REFRENCES
1. R. Barry “The Construction of Buildings”, Vol 1-5
2. R. Chudley “Construction technology”, Vol 1-4
CHAPTER 1: STEEL STRUCTURES: Introduction
 Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
 It is highly elastic, ductile, malleable and weldable.

 Steel has high tensile and compression strength and also stands wear and
tear much better.
 The strength to weight ratio of steel is good thus it is able to sustain heavy
loads with comparatively small self weight.
 It is comparatively stiff material (rigid).

 It is a ductile material which is not brittle and can bear strain beyond the
elastic limit.
 The corrosion may affect the strength of steel thus it should be given
protection against corrosion.
STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel
 The steel sections mostly used in structural steelwork are standard hot
rolled steel universal beams and columns(“I” or “H” shape) together with
tees, channels and angles.

 Rolled steel sections are casted in continuous casting molds without any
joints
steel sections manufactured in rolling mills and used as structural members are known as
rolled structural steel sections

Various forms of rolled steel sections are as follows:

i. Angle sections
ii. Channel sections
iii. T- sections
iv. I-sections
STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel: Angle sections
 Angle sections are
manufactured in “L” shape.
 Contains two legs. Equal Angle Sections:
20 x 20 x 3 mm (9N/m) to
 legs with similar dimensions 200 x 200 x 25 mm (736N/m)
are called as equal angle
sections &
 Different legs are called as
unequal angle sections.
Unequal angle sections:
30 x 20 x 3 mm (11N/m) to
 Angle sections are widely 200 x 150 x 18mm (469N/m)
used for roof truss
constructions and for filler
joist floors.
STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel: Rolled Channel Sections
 The channel section or C- section consists two
equal flanges connected to web at both ends.
 Channel sections are extensively used in steel
framed structures.
 Available in various sizes ranging from:
100 x 45mm to 400 x 100 mm.
Corresponding unit weights are 58 N and 494 N
STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel: Rolled T- Sections
 Consists of flange and web arranged in “T” shape.
 Used in steel roof trusses to form built up sections.
 Two angle sections can also be joined to get T section.
 Available in various sizes ranging from:
20 x 20 x 3 mm(9N/m) to 150 x 150 x 10 mm (228N/m)
STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel: Rolled I - Sections
 Also called as steel beams or rolled
steel joist are extensively used as
beams, lintels, columns etc.
 It consists two flanges and a web
connected as shown in figure.
 Available in various sizes ranging from:
75 x 50 mm at 61 N per meter length to 600 x 210
mm at 995 N
STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel: Rolled Sections

Rolled Flat Bars Rolled Round Bars

Corrugated Sheets

Expanded Metal Rolled Steel Plates Rolled Square Bars

STEEL STRUCTURES: Shapes of Structural Steel: Rolled I - Sections

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Hot Rolled Structural Steel Sections
Shapes of Structural Steel: Hollow, Circular, Rectangular & Square Sections
 Used as: columns as the material is uniformly disposed
around the axis and the rectangular sections facilitates
beam connections
 Used as columns in buildings of up to 4 storeys in height
 Also quiet extensively used as railings and balustrades.
Shapes of Structural Steel: Cold Rolled Sections
 Manufactured by forming thin
steel sheets in cold state
 Also called Light Gauge Steel
Sections or Cold Rolled Steel
Sections
 Cold rolled steel sections made
from thin strips of steel are
also used for columns and
beams.
 The advantage of cold rolling is
that any shape can be produced
to the exact dimensions to suit
a particular use.
 Desired strength is achieved by
using least materials
Structural Steel Frames
 The skeleton steel frame is
used to reduce the thickness of
external walls and to gain
valuable floor space in multi-
storey buildings.

 The skeleton of steel columns

and beams carries the whole of
the imposed and dead loads of
floors, external walling or
cladding and wind pressure
RIVET In Steel Work
 Rivets are nonthreaded fasteners that are
usually manufactured from steel or
aluminium.

 They consist of a preformed head and

shank, which is inserted into the material
to be joined and the second head that
enables the rivet to function as a fastener

 Widely used
 to join components in aircraft boilers, ships
and boxes and other enclosures.
 Structures members and bridges parts
 Railway wagons and coaches
 Buses and trucks
RIVET In Steel Work: TYPES
There are mainly two types of riveted
joints, based on the rivet arrangement.
 Lap joints
 Butt joints

 Both joints are also sub-classified into

 Single riveted and
 Double riveted.
 Sometimes based on joints strengths,
triple-riveted are also possible.

 Single riveted means one row of the

rivet in joint.
RIVET In Steel Work
Advantages:
 Rivets tend to be much cheaper to install
than bolts
 Low maintenance cost
 Dissimilar metals can also be joined, even
non-metallic joints are possible with
riveted joints.
 Ease of riveting process.
 used for both factory and site fabrication.
Disadvantages:
 Skilled workers required
 Leakage may be a problem for this type of
joints, but this is overcome by special
techniques.
RIVET In Steel Work
Points should be considered in rivet connection:
 Center to center distance between the rivets
should not be less than 3xdiameter of rivet
RIVET In Steel Work
Points should be considered in rivet connection:
 Maximum center to center distance between the
rivetsshould never exceed;
 When the members are subjected to tension: 10 X
thicknessof thinnest outside plate/ angle or 200
mmwhichever is less.
 When the members are subjected to compression: 16
X thicknessof thinnest outside plate/ angle or 150
mmwhichever is less.
• Have a good day.