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Am 01

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29 views6 pages

Am 01

Uploaded by

family9633005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AM 01

28 February 2024 14:30

1 marks
1. what are composite materials
- It is a mixture of different materials or things
2. define density
- It is the weight per unit volume of a substance
3. what are screws?
- It is an externally threaded fastener which is capable of
being tightened or being released by twisting force to
the head
4. what do you mean by locking devices in an aircraft
- It is a mechanical component which is used to prevent
from vibration or torque. The most common locking
device used in aircraft is cotter pin
5. what is a washer
- It is a thin plate with a hole in middle which is used to
distribute the load of a threaded fastener.
6. define pitch with respect to Screw threads
- It is the distance between two adjacent thread
7. what is a rivet?
- It is a metal pin which holds the two plate together, it
is a permanent mechanical fastener
8. what are split pins?
- Also known as cotter pin, used for safe tying bolts,
screw, nuts and it is corrosion resistant and cadmium
plated

2M
1. What is heat treatment? list different types of heat
treatment process
- heating and cooling of the material to get desirable
mechanical properties
- Types of heat treatment process- Heating, soaking,
cooling, quenching, annealing, hardening
2. What are different manufacturing defects in composite
Aircraft Materials Page 1
2. What are different manufacturing defects in composite
materials?
- Delamination
- Wrinkles
- Voids
- Blisters
- Air bubbles
- Tool drops
- Contamination
3. What is surface patch?
- A surface patch is a small piece of material used to repair
or cover a damaged area on the surface of an object.
4. How finishing of end grain surfaces done on composites
- The finishing of end grain surfaces on composites is
typically accomplished through sanding and polish

5. Write the note on fabric with respect to composites


-Fabric selection in composites is critical for ensuring optimal
performance and durability of the final product.

6. What are waisted studs?


-Waisted studs are fasteners with a reduced diameter section
in the middle, resembling a waist, hence the name.

7. What is dowel pin?


- A dowel pin is a cylindrical fastener used to precisely
align and secure two or more components together within
a machine or assembly.

4 Marks
1. What is cast iron? explain its properties
- Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon
content of more than 2% and silicon content around
1–3%. It is a high carbon steel .
- It is hard, brittle, non-malleable (i.e. it cannot be
bent, stretched or hammered into shape) and more
fusible than steel. Its structure is crystalline and it
fractures under excessive tensile loading with little
Aircraft Materials Page 2
fractures under excessive tensile loading with little
prior distortion.
2. List the good properties of composite materials
- High strength/weight ratio.
- Impact resistant.
- Greater design flexibility
- Longer life than metals
- High corrosion resistant
- Tensile strength 4 to 6 times that of steel or aluminium
- Easily repairable

3. List and explain the various in-service defect in composite


materials
- Environmental degradation -
- Impact damage
- Fatigue
- Fiber fracturing
- Erosion
6M
1. What is tensile test and explain how the test is carried out
- Tensile test is the test which is done to obtain stress and
strain
- Prepare the Specimen: Get a small piece of material, like a
metal or plastic rod, and shape it to the required size and
shape.

- Mount it: Securely hold the specimen between two grips


on the testing machine.

- Start the Test: The machine pulls on the specimen,


gradually stretching it until it breaks.

Aircraft Materials Page 3


gradually stretching it until it breaks.

- Measurements: Throughout the test, the machine measures


how much force is applied and how much the specimen
stretches.

- End of Test: When the specimen breaks, note the


maximum force it endured and how much it stretched
before breaking.

- Analysis: Use this data to understand how strong the


material is and how much it can stretch before breaking.
This helps engineers determine if the material is suitable
for its intended use.

2. Nickel and its alloys


- Nickel
- corrosion resistant
- high strength
- ductile and malleable
- good thermal conductivity
- Monel
- corrosion resistant
- high strength
- cannot be hardened by heat treatment
- used in gear, exhaust collector
- K Monel
- non ferrous alloy
- non magnetic
- used in structural members of the aircraft
- Inconel
- 80% nickel, 14% chromium
- high strength
- high temperature
- used in temperature

3. explain quenching process of Heat treatment


- Heating: The metal or alloy is heated to a specific
temperature, typically above its critical temperature, to
Aircraft Materials Page 4
temperature, typically above its critical temperature, to
transform its microstructure into a desired phase or state.

- Quenching Medium: After reaching the desired


temperature, the heated metal is rapidly cooled by
immersing it in a quenching medium such as oil, water, or
polymer solution. The choice of quenching medium
depends on factors such as the material being treated, the
desired hardness, and the rate of cooling required.

- Rapid Cooling: Quenching involves rapid cooling of the


metal to induce a transformation from the high-
temperature phase to a metastable or hardened phase. The
rapid cooling rate "freezes" the microstructure in a
specific state, resulting in desired mechanical properties
such as increased hardness and strength.

- Martensitic Transformation: In many cases, quenching


results in the formation of a metastable microstructure
known as martensite, characterized by a highly strained
lattice structure. Martensite is extremely hard but also
brittle, making it suitable for applications requiring high
hardness and wear resistance.

- Post-Quenching Treatment: After quenching, the metal


may undergo additional heat treatment processes such as
tempering or annealing to relieve internal stresses,
improve ductility, and achieve the desired balance of
mechanical properties. Tempering involves reheating the
quenched metal to a lower temperature and holding it
there for a specific time before allowing it to cool, while
annealing involves heating the metal to a moderate
temperature and then slowly cooling it down to achieve a
more ductile microstructure.

4. Discuss in brief about torque and torque wrenches.

- Torque:
1. Torque is like a twisting force that makes things rotate.
Aircraft Materials Page 5
1. Torque is like a twisting force that makes things rotate.
2. It's what you use when you turn a wrench to tighten a bolt
or open a jar lid.
3. Imagine trying to turn a doorknob or pedal a bike - that
turning force is torque.
4. It's measured in units like Newton-meters (Nm) or foot-
pounds (ft-lb).
5. The bigger the torque, the harder something twists or turns.

- Torque Wrench:
1. A torque wrench is a special tool used for tightening bolts
or nuts to a specific tightness.
2. It looks like a regular wrench but has a built-in mechanism
to measure and control the amount of twisting force (torque).
3. You set the desired torque value on the wrench before using
it.
4. When you reach the set torque, the wrench clicks or signals
you to stop tightening.
5. It helps prevent over-tightening, which can damage parts,
and ensures everything is tightened just right.

Aircraft Materials Page 6

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