Module 6 & 7 Brainstorm What is the turning direction of a grindstone :- rotate to outboard (from top

EASA part 66 info presented for the exam by to bottom)

How to recover a grinder stone: By special tool. - dressing
www.EASA66.com c Stress corrosion.: Occurs when a subject in a corrosion environment under
stress.
Stress = Force / Area (force per unit area)
Strain = increase in length / original length (ratio, dimensionless) Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by
General precaution when changing oxygen : slowly and keep close to the www.EASA66.com c
ambient temperature
When servicing oxygen system : must free of oil and grease Fatigue corrosion.: Occurs when a subject under alternating stress in a cor-
How to operate de-ice boot for de-icing : by pneumatic system rosive environment.
Quill shaft wrist on the shaft : shear to be broken when the motor is jammed Corrosion prevention of two dissimilar metals : applied zinc chromate primer
Oxygen bottle colour code : British Standard, black with white collar to fraying surface, dried and joined
The colour of industrial air bottle : grey only How to prevent dissimilar metal corrosion :- by applying zinc chromate
When carry out pressurisation leak check : use non-acid soapy water Mercury contamination of aluminium alloy indicates by : greyish power,
Define chord line : a straight line joining leading edge and trailing edge, act fuzzy deposit, or whiskery growth
as a reference line Check for open circuit : continuity test by low range ohm-meter
Aircraft components are electrically bonded to prevent electric shock to en- Functional test after repair of circuit: Detect isolation.
gineers. Circuit breaker protection :- protect A.C. and D.C. from overload current
Aircraft is ground by : bonding straps Testing the high current a.c. generator, use a 250 millivolt drop tester.
When carrying out bonding test: Anodic coating must be removed first. How to check for open circuit: By continuity test.
Bonding test : the one probe end (60”) connect to aircraft earth point and Insulation test on circuit: Reading is affected by moisture, is infinite when
the double probe end (6”) used for detection on component cable is properly insulated.
Bonding test permit low resistance return path. Low insulation resistance of battery. 250 V insulation tester (for lead acid),
Bonding test checks for resistance joint. R ¿ 1 megohms Indicates battery case or cell leakage.
To find the value of an unknown resistor an Ohm-meter is used. The electrolyte used in Nickel-cadmium battery is: 30% Potassium hydrox-
Continuity test checks for open circuit. ide and 70% distilled water.
Boundary layer definition : airflow passes over aerofoil and retard by skin Nickel-cadmium battery storage condition : full fill and discharge (potassium
Secondary earth grounding system to dissipate the potential for static elec- hydroxide electrolyte)
tricity build up and discharge that can result in fire hazard or shock hazard Normal acid cell battery storage condition : full fill and recharge
When two batteries of 12V connected in parallel: 12 volts and increase in
Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by ampere-hour.
www.EASA66.com c Emergency light battery is fitted with the bus bar.
Potential difference of electricity is called: Volt Power is in Watt.
Stagnation point : the point on the leading edge of an aerofoil where the
airflow separates, some going over along the surface and some going below Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by
along the surface www.EASA66.com c
Define the centre of pressure : A point on the chord line, at which, the lift
of the main planes acting vertically through this point After ‘magnet flux’ check on a component :- the component must be de-
Stalling of aircraft : flow separation occurs on an aerofoil the drag increases magnetized before installation
and the lift is nearly all lost On ‘dye-penetrant’ test or ‘zyglo’ test, ultra violet (black light) should be
Cabin fire extinguisher used : B.C.F. and water used
Engine fire extinguisher used : freon at 600psi, 20.C or M.B. Before carry out dye penetration check the specimen must be degreased.
1 inch = 25.4mm 1 kg = 2.2 lb 1 m.p.h. = 0.87 knot 1 horsepower = Redux bond structure of light aluminium alloy joints separation can be de-
746 watts = 550 ftlb/s 1 litre = 0.22 gallon tected by : ultrasonic
The weight of 4 gallons of oil with 0.9 specific gravity.10 lbs X 0.9 X 4 = 36 In dye penetration process, scattered dots of penetrant indicate porosity or
lbs. pitting.
31J stand for : 3.1” long, 3/8” diameter In dye check developer is applied after dye removed and surface cleaned.
After annealing, the metal will cool at : steadily air In dye penetration inspection, after developer applied: First 30 sec. and
The purpose of annealing for Aluminium : to relief internal stress and induce then after 10 min.
softness When carrying out NDT fluorescent light inspection.: Use ultraviolet light
After annealing, the metal will cool at Steady air, no quenching or black light.
The heat treated condition of sheet metal is indicated by: Letter. NDT for austenstic stainless steel is eddy current.
The min. sheet thickness to make dimple of 1/8” diameter is 16 SWG (stan- NDT for light Al Al is ultrasonic method.
dard wire gauge) In magnetic flaw detection, the magnetic field strength depends on material
The purpose of flux when soldering is to prevent oxidation. and shape of components.
What is wet joint a joint when flux is used. The sensitivity of magnetic flaw inspection is strongest when the angle be-
In soft soldering heat is applied to the tool to melt the solder. tween the defects and the flux path is 90 degrees.
How to drill titanium : use centre drill to set the drill How to make assessment on stainless steel use NDT method: Magnetic flux
How to find the speed of a drill : depend on material and size of drill detection cannot be used.
Shelf life of adhesive : storage life Crack can be detected by magnetic flow on ferromagnetic material only.
Which NDT method can be used on aluminum alloy: Ultrasonic and eddy
Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by current method.
www.EASA66.com c How to carry out NDT oil chalk inspection: When the specimen is cooled
down.
Rivet allowance: (The length of protruding shank which is flattened to close The content of oil used in oil chalk test consist of: 3 parts of paraffin and 1
a rivet) 1.5 D for snap head, 0.75 D for countersink head. part of oil.
In riveting if the hole is too small, the sheet will Buckle. Reinforced plastic panel can be detected by : coin tapping, or ultrasonic
Fraying surfaces are surfaces which are riveted together. Magnetic flux inspection procedure : cleaning, demagnetizing cleaning, mag-
Rivet clearance : the rivet hole is larger than the size of the rivet Rivet netizing, inspection, demagnetizing, cleaning
Clearance Hole Diameter: In general, the rivet clearance hole should be be- Magnetic particle check : field along specimen detect 45. (longitudinal) and
tween 105 and 110% of the maximum rivet diameter. 90. (transverse)
Third angle projection : the plan view is above the front view, each view Check the corrosion of rivets : apply a moderate force by hard wood to hit
represents the side of the object nearest to it in the adjacent view the rivet head
Third angle projection: Each view represents the side of the object nearest Titanium colour when grinding : white
to it in the adjacent view. Ice-protection heaters power is calculated by : watts per square ft of mat
First angle projection : the plan view is under the front view, each view
represents the side of the object remote to it in the adjacent view Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by
Torque loading : torque force x perpendicular distance between the axis of www.EASA66.com c
the bolt and the applied force
Thrust bearings take axial load only. Field flashing of a generator : A generator will lose its residual magnetism
Needle bearings take pure radial load. or become incorrectly polarized because of heat, shock, or a momentary cur-
Taper bearing will take radial load and a moderate axial load. rent in the wrong direction. This can be corrected by momentary passing
Spherical roller bearings: Allow slight misalignment in radial direction, take current through the field from the positive terminal to negative terminal.
heavy radical load, and moderate axial load from either direction. Generator output regulated by voltage regulator controlled field current.
Teflon bearing do NOT need : lubrication When one of the generator failed, its load would spread evenly to other gen-
Pulley bearings are self sealed type need no lubrication. erator due to load sharing.
Unsealed bearing cleaning solution : white spirits Load shedding of a a.c. generator is voltage remains the same, current re-
Clean bearings with white spirit. duced.
Use what kind of solvent for degreasing : trichloroethylene except for tita- Generator excitor field controlled by the battery master switch. While en-
nium gine are running and battery master switch ‘OFF’ :- NO power supply to
Use what kind of solvent for degreasing: Trichloroethylene. aircraft
Use what kind of solvent for cleaning non-metallic parts : M.E.K. (methyl A change in direction of control run in a push pull system needs a bell-crank
ethyl ketone) or acetone American cable assemblies are proof loaded to 60% of their minimum break-
What is the function of the flat face of a file : to protect the finished part ing load
The use of chalk on file provides a finer surface finish. After swaging or splicing all cables must be proof loaded to pre-stretch the
To draw a file, you have to apply force with file 90 dgr to the job. cable
Hacksaw blade should show with teeth direction away from handle. The pitch Most types of turnbuckles are safetied when the safety hole is blind or a
of a hacksaw blade is the number of teeth per inch (TPI) use 30 Strokes per maximum number of threads are visible on the cable end fitting
minute for thick metal, a fine hacksaw has 32 teeth per inch (TPI) (coarse The central barrel of a turnbuckle has a left hand thread at one end and a
blade has 14 TPI) and to cut thin sheet metal use a fine blade, for cutting right hand thread at the other
hard metal 26 TPI are used. When cutting material of thick cross section use American aircraft control cables are classified by minimum breaking load in
a coarse blade. The teeth of hacksaw blades are off-set to provide clearance lbs and diameter
for non-cutting part of the blade. The minimum number of hacksaw blade Turnbuckles should be ensured that : the end fittings or nut are in safety,
teeth that should be in contact with the material being cut is 3 teeth. For and lock the end fittings or nuts passing through the turnbuckle
low tungsten it is recommended to use 50 strokes per min. For very hard The method of checking the turnbuckles : use a hardened pin probe through
metal use a hacksaw with 56 TP
the inspection hole to check the internal fitting extending part bicarbonate and rinse with water again.
British brass barrel type turnbuckle is checked for safety by ensuring the What is and when to carry out peening: For locking purpose and should only
screwed end fittings cover the inspection holes be carried out when specified in drawing.(1.5 thread protruded)
The prime function of turnbuckles in an aircraft control system is to adjust What will happen when abrasion occurs on clad aluminum alloy: It will re-
cable tension to the correct value duce aluminium.
When checking the tension on a control cable it is essential that the correct How to remove a broken stud inside the hole with stud flush with the hole:
type of tensiometer for the cable size is used Centre punch and drill to tape out the stud.
Teleflex cable: the helix wire allows the end of the cable to be gripped in What is a standard expanding reamer: Variable size and constant diameter.
the wheel unit How to carry out battery cell S.G. test. (Lead acid battery): Test on every
A junction box is used to branch off teleflex cable cell with same voltage and by hydrometer.
Nitriding : a form of case hardening in which a steel part is heated in an How many time can a lock plate be used: Indefinite, must good fit to the
atmosphere of ammonia bolt.
Generator load shedding means : voltage constant, current consumption de- When check a shaft roundness, found tolerance with dial indicator reading
creases of -15 and +25: Tolerance = 40
Generator warning light ‘ON’ when charging battery : generator low output How to confine an up-to-date drawing: By the issue number.
voltage, battery needed charged Drawing ( handed port ): Port, odd number; starboard, even number
After lighting strike, inspect : both lightening strike area and static dis-
chargers Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by
What is used to protect threads : beeswax www.EASA66.com c
Thread pitch is crest to crest distance.
Double start thread is 180 degree apart of the thread start. (1 lead = 2 The fluid used in dead weight tester is: Castor oil.
pitches) S.I. unit for work done is Joule.
Lock plate can be used : repeatedly provided that it remains a good fit S.I. unit of mass is the Kg
around the hexagon of the nut for bolt head Which unit is used to convert DC to AC: Inverter.
Tab washer can not be re-used except : multiple tab washer Which unit is used to convert AC to DC: Rectifier or diodes
Stress corrosion due to : resulted from initial pits in the surface and under To measure ac with a moving coil it is? Moving Coil also called D’Arsonval
stress Meters require DC - They use a rectifiers! Moving Iron Vane meters are used
for AC and DC
Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by Ohm’s law is E = I X R
www.EASA66.com c Skull and cross label on pipe line indicates: Warning and with care when
servicing.
The purpose of molybdenum disulphide is a jointing compound, to prevent Stud thread direction: The end of the portions have the same thread.
fretting corrosion. Generator excite field cut-out = Generator no power output.
Black strain around rivet head : fretting fretting is a type of corrosion, Tab washer: (except for multi tab only)Remove the used tab and use another
it occurs when parts are bolted tightly together and yet slip slightly on one new tab.
another during movements of aircraft. Heat is caused by friction and pro- How to install spring washer: 1 plain washer + 1 spring washer + bolt
motes oxidation Hammer are classified by head weight and head form.
Corrosion on bolt joints is called: Fretting corrosion and due to the slightly When magnesium chromatic coating is damaged, it can be re-protected by
relative movement of two surfaces. selenious acid.
The chain should be checked for kinks and twists by: Suspending it freely Taper pin is classified by: Pin length and small diameter.
and straightly along the length. (can not suspend vertically) V-block comes up in numbered paired.
Thick chain used on drawing which indicates: The surface need special re- Remove broken thread wire insert by a blade type extractor.
quirement. When tightening stiff-nut, you should always ensure that one thread pro-
An aircraft has a cable tension away from base, who can sign the duplicate? truded above the surface.
Licensed engineer and Pilot for the respective airplane. Tab washer can be used only once.
How to carry out chain elongation check: Clean, dry and put on surface plate The standard number of a rivet is used to indicates type of material and
apply definite tensile load. head shape.
When cable attacked by acid: The cable is unserviceable and needs replace- Close tolerance bolt is identified by machined disc on the top of head.
ment. The approaching angle of lock wire to axis of bolt is not less than 45 degree.
How to inspect cable for broken wire: By sliding with a piece of cloth. When tightening nut safety wire the hole afterward.
American cable is classified by: Diameter and minimum breaking load in Misalignment of split pin hole: Slightly over torque provided that the maxi-
lbf. mum limit is not exceeded.
British cable classified by: By minimum breaking load in hundred weight Lock nut is usually thinner than original nut.
KWT = 1121 lbf Colour coding of sheet metal is used to indicate the specification of material.
British aircraft cable is classified in minimum breaking load in hundred The letter added to the part number of sheet metal is used to indicate the
weight. heat treatment condition.
Aluminium alloy after pickling process needs immediate re-protection. The presence of cocoa would indicate fretting corrosion on Ferrous metal.
The pressure used for testing flexible or rigid pipe is: 150% of operating The colour of corrosion product due to mercury spillage on Aluminium alloy
pressure. is greyish powder.
British Flares are 32o (64o ) and US Flares have 37o (74o ) Black spot appeared when caustic soda solution is applied. This is used for
Flexible high pressure hose testing: 15 degree plus normal flexible angle from Alclad sheet testing.
either side. When marking steel, it is most ideal to use Copper sulphate.
Use what kind of hacksaw blades to cut a thin material: 32 tooth blade A standard taper reamer has taper blade with an expanding ratio of 1 : 48.
should be used. (the finest one) Nitriding is diffusion of nitrogen into the surface layers of a low carbon
steel at about 500 to 575o C. It increases the surface layer hardness.
Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by In U.K. micrometer, the sleeve is 40 divisions.
www.EASA66.com c In U.K. micrometer, the thimble is 25 divisions.
When reading the depth micrometer maximum reading is taken at inward
BSF thread should have same thread angle as BSW. UNJ thread is used extremely.
to increase fatigue resistance. An expansion reamer is used to produce a standard hole with varying diam-
For unify thread insert, the colour of the tang is Colourless. (For British - eter.
yellow)
The length of a BA bolt is measured from head to shank end not including Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by
threads run-out. www.EASA66.com c
In BA/BSF standard bolt, close tolerance bolt is represented by: Raised
head or protrude ring. Composites provide a high strength-to-weight ratio and offer design flexibil-
UNF threaded bolt is indicated by: Three circles (contagious circles) - for ity. They replace heavy/dense metals with stronger, lighter weight structural
hexagon bolt only. components, which allow airplanes heavier payloads and a longer reach, with
Sheet metal material color code specified the B5 L3: Specification of mate- less fuel. They are classed by type of reinforcing elements such as fibers, par-
rial. ticle, flake, or laminar materials. Kevlar is the trade name of Aramid, Boron,
How to prime a dead weight tester. (Test oil gauge): By screw in and out. Graphite , Fiber Glass or Ceramic are typical materials. The Fabric Mat may
When electric power on and engine starting, am-meter will fluctuate - This be unidirectional or multidirectional. They come on a Roll e.g. Kevlar.
is normal. Important terms are The Selvage Edge, the tightly woven edge, which will
In electric cable, the terminal hole is used for: To check the cable for proper always be cut off; the Warp, which is the length on the roll; the Weft (fill)
insertion. which is the width of the roll and the Bias which is the 45o angle to the
How use the file: Apply pressure in forward stroke only. warp threads.
The point angle of a drill: 59 degree of half angle. Thermoplastic if heated again will change shape. Thermosetting plastics shape
How to drill titanium: Use center drill to set the drill, instead of centre cannot be altered.
punch. True Bonding adhesion is obtained by Chemical and Mechanical
The colour of the tang of UNF threaded insert: Natural (colourless) (For Electrical bonding of composites may be obtained by inserting aluminium
British : yellow) wires or meshes into the composite or flame spraying molten aluminium onto
How to install a threaded insert: The tang must towards bottom of hole. the surface, just like paint.
Damaged helicoil insert is usually removed with tools provided by manufac-
turer. Weight and Balance
When installing helicoil special tool with hold helicoil inside, the tool spring Empty Weight: airframe, engines, permanently installed equipment, unus-
out the coil into the hole while turning. able fuel and undrained oil.
Tapping a hole to fit a helicoil thread should be cut with tap supplied by Basic Operating eight (BOW): empty weigh plus crew, and other stan-
manufacturer. dard operating items such as water and meals.
How to carry out bearing inspection: Check oscillation by rotate slowly. When weighing an aircraft, the hydraulic system is full!
Protection of Magnesium is: Chromating process. Payload: passengers, baggage and cargo.
Mercury contamination of aluminum alloy indicates by: Greyish power, fuzzy Zero Fuel Weight: BOW plus payload.
deposit or whiskery growth. Ramp Weight (Taxi weight)zero fuel weight plus usable fuel.
How to remove corrosion product on Magnesium alloy: By solution 10% by Takeoff Weight: ramp weight less fuel burned during start and taxi.
wt. of chromic in distilled water with 0.1% sulphuric acid.
How to prevent dissimilar metal corrosion: By applying zinc chromate. Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by
When lead acid electrolyte spillage: Wash by water, neutralized by sodium www.EASA66.com c
Fuels
Jet A (JP-5) most frequent; kerosene with corrosion inhibitors -40 F
Jet B (JP-4) more volatile (wide cut fuel) it aids in cold starts -50 F
Jet A-1 similar to Jet A but made for low temps -47 F

Hydraulic
A rigid hydraulic pipe requires shaping or flaring - No heat treatment re-
quired!
Minimum clearance to structure is 6mm or 0.25 inch
Hydraulic lines are marked blue-yellow and black dots on white
When fitting a hydraulic component, the hydraulic seal should be lubricated
with the same fluid that is used in the hydraulic system
When pressure testing a flexible hydraulic pipe you test it at normal axis
plus and minus 15 degrees
Minimum bend radii is 3 x diameter, desired is 4 x diameter
Hydraulic hoses are pressure tested 1.5 x working pressure
Constant Displacement Pump: Spur gear, piston or vane type and needs
Automatic Cut Out Valve (ACOV) due to non-self idling
Variable Displacement pump: Swash plate type pump which is self idling
Tubes are measured by outside diameter
Hoses are measured by inside diameter

Presented for the EASA part 66 standard exam by

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