Pre-Medical : Physics 1

Solutions Basic Maths & Vector

BEGINNER'S BOX-1 BEGINNER'S BOX-2

1. Let P(8, –4) and Q(0, a) be two points, distance PQ

1 is 10.
1. (i) tan (–30°) = –tan 30° = -
3
\ According to distance formula
(ii) sin (120°) = sin (180° – 60°)
PQ = (x2 - x1 )2 + (y2 - y1 )2
3
= sin 60° =
2
= (0 - 8)2 + (a + 4)2
1
(iii) sin (135°) = sin (90° + 45°) = cos 45° =
2
Þ PQ = 64 + (a 2 + 16 + 8a)

3
(iv) cos(150°) = cos (180° – 30°) = –cos(30°) = - Þ 10 = 80 + a2 + 8a
2
Þ a2 + 8a + 80 = 100 Þ a2 + 8a = 20

3p /2 2p Þ a2 + 10a – 2a – 20 = 0
(v) sin (270°) = (–1) (from graph) 0
p/2 p Þ (a – 2) (a + 10) = 0 Þ (a = 2) and (a = –10)
\ a=2
p/2 2. P(x1, y1, z1) = (0, –1, +1)
(vi) cos 270° = 0 0 p 2p
3p /2
and Q(x2, y2, z2) = (3, 3, 13)

5 using distance formula

2. sec q =
3
Þ PQ = (x2 - x1 )2 + (y2 - y1 )2 + (z 2 - z1 )2
=5 P=4
H
q = 9 + 16 + 144 = 169 = 13
B=3

H 5 Dy y 2 - y1
we know that, sec q = = 3. Slope m = = x - x = tan q
B 3 Dx 2 1

3
cos q = ; Dy (0 - 2) -2
5 m= = =
Dx (3 - 0) 3
we know 3, 4, 5 are pythogorous triplets

\ P= 4
i.e. H:B:P=5:3:4
4 5
\ sinq = cosec q =
5 4

3 5
cos q = secq =
5 3

4 3
tan q = cotq =
3 4
2 Pre-Medical : Physics
d
6. (i) (x – 1) (2x + 5)
BEGINNER'S BOX-3 dx
d d
1. (i) y = x7/2 = (x – 1) (2x + 5) + (2x + 5) (x – 1)
dx dx
dy d 7/ 2 7 7 -1 7
= (x ) = x 2 = x5 / 2 = (x – 1) (2) + (2x + 5)(1) = 2x – 2 + 2x + 5
dx dx 2 2

dy = 4x+3
(ii) y = x–3 \ = -3x -4
dx
d 1 0-2 -2
dy (ii) = =
(iii) y = x \ =1 dx (2x + 1) (2x + 1)2 (2x + 1)2
dx
d æ 3x + 4 ö (4x + 5)(3) - (3x + 4)(4)
(iii) ç ÷=
(iv) y = x5 + x3 + 4x1/2 + 7 dx è 4x + 5 ø (4x + 5)2
dy -1
= 5x4 + 3x2 + 2x–1/2 + 0 =
dx (4x + 5)2
= 5x4 + 3x2 + 2x–1/2 d æ x2 ö (x 3 + 1)(2x) - x 2 (3x 2 )
(iv) ç ÷=
dx è x 3 + 1ø (x3 + 1)2
(v) y = 5x4 + 6x3/2 + 9x
dy 2x 4 + 2x - 3x 4 2x - x 4
= 20x3 + 9x3/2 – 1 + 9 = = 3
dx (x 3 + 1)2 (x + 1)2
= 20x3 + 9x1/2 + 9
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
dy
(vi) y = ax + bx + c Þ
2
= 2ax + b
dx x15+1 x16
òx
15
1 1. (i) dx = +C= +C
(vii) y = 3x5 – 3x – 15 + 1 16
x
3
dy 1 - +1 1
= 15x4 – 3 + 2 x 2 -
òx
-3 / 2
dx x (ii) dx = + C = -2x 2 + C
3
ds - +1
2. s = t2 + 5t + 3 Þ = 2t + 5 2
dt
3x -6
1 2 ds ò (3x
-7
(iii) + x -1 ) dx = + log e x + C
3. s = ut + at \ = u + at -6
2 dt

4. A = 3t2 + 7 cm2 - x -6
= + log e x + C
2
dA d
= (3t 2 + 7) = 6t
dt dt æ 1 ö
2

dA (iv) ò ç x + ÷ dx
at t = 5, = 30cm2 / s è xø
dt
5. A = pr2 æ 1 ö x2
= òè x ø
ç x + + 2÷ dx =
2
+ loge x + 2x + C
dA d
= (pr2) = 2pr
dr dr æ 1ö x2
(v) ò è xø
ç x + ÷ dx =
2
+ log e x + C

æ a bö
(vi) ò çè x 2
+ ÷ dx = ò (ax -2 + bx -1 )dx
xø
ax -2+1 a
= + b logex + C = – + b log e x + C
-2 + 1 x
 Pre-Medical : Physics 3

BEGINNER'S BOX-5 BEGINNER'S BOX-8

¥ ¥
GMm
1. (i) ò 2
dx = GMmò x -2dx a 2 1
R
x R 1. s¥ = = =
1-r 1 3
¥ 1+
é x -1 ù GMm 2
= GMm ê ú = R
ë -1 û R é1 1 1 ù
2. Fnet = GMm ê 2 + 2 + 2 + .......¥ ú
r2 ër 2r 4r û
- kq1q 2
(ii) ò
r1
x2
dx
é1 / r2 ù
ê ú 2GMm
= GMm ê 1 - 1 ú =
r2
é x -1 ù é1 1ù
= –kq1q2 ê kq1 q 2 ê - ú r2
ú = ë r2 r1 û ë 2û
ë -1 û r1
v v
é v2 ù 1 BEGINNER'S BOX-9
(iii) ò Mv dv = M ê ú = M(v 2 - u2 )
u ë 2 û u 2
¥ ¥ 1. Let the magnitudes of forces be A and B.
é x1 / 2 ù
(iv) ò x
-1 / 2
dx = ê =¥
1 ú then according to question A – B = 10
0 ê ú
ë 2 û0
p /2
Þ A = 10 + B ...............(1)
sin x dx = [ - cos x ]
p/2
(v) ò 0 = 1
and
0 A 2 + B2 = 50
p/2 Þ A2 + B2 = 2500 .................(2)
cos x dx = [ sin x ]
p/2
(vi) ò 0 =1
0 Solving equation number (1) & (2)
p/2

cos x dx = [ sin x ]- p / 2 = 2
p /2
(vii)
-p /2
ò A = 40N and B = 30N

Therefore the magnitudes of forces are 40N & 30N

BEGINNER'S BOX-6
2. Let q be the angle between a$ & b$ then
1. (i) 10x2 – 27x + 5 = 0

x=
- b ± b2 - 4ac 27 ± ( -27)2 - 4(10)(5)
=
b gb g
a$ - b$ = 12 + 12 - 2 1 1 cos q = 2
2a 20
p
27 ± 23 5 1 Þ cos q = 0 Þ q = 90° or radian
2
= Þx= ,
20 2 5
(ii) (pq)x2 – (p2 + q2)x + (pq) = 0 a$ + 3 b$ = 1 + 3 + 2 3 cos q = 1 + 3 = 2

r r
(p2 + q 2 ) ± (p2 + q2 )2 - 4(pq)(pq) r r A-B
x=
2pq 3. Unit vector along A - B = e j r r
A-B

=
(p2 + q 2 ) ± (p2 - q 2 )
2pq
p q
Þx= ,
q p
e3$i + 2$jj - e2$i + 3$j - k$ j $i - $j + k$
= =
e3$i + 2$jj - e2$i + 3$j - k$ j 3
BEGINNER'S BOX-7
$ $ q
4. Q A + B = 2 Þ 2 × 1 × cos = 2
1. 1 + 2 + 3 + .................. + 50 2
n 50 q 1 q
sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] = [2+ (49)1] Þ cos = Þ = 45° Þ q = 90°
2 2 2 2 2
= 25 [51] = 1275
ˆ = 2 × 1 × sin q = 2 × sin 45° =
ˆ -B
A
2. 12 + 22 + 32 .................+102 2 2

n(n + 1)(2n + 1) (10)(11)(21)

s= = = 385
6 6
4 Pre-Medical : Physics
1 1
BEGINNER'S BOX-10 Þ a$ . b$ = Þ cos q = Þ q = 60°
2 2
1. Q Ax = 4, Ay = 6 so Ax + Bx = 10 and r r
Ay + By = 9 4. (a) Let the angle between A and B is q, then
(a) Bx = 10 – 4 = 6m and By = 9 – 6 = 3m
cos q =
r r
A×B
=
(
2iˆ - 2jˆ - kˆ × ˆi + ˆj
=
)( )
0
=0
(b) length = B 2x + B2y = 36 + 9 = 45m AB 2iˆ + 2jˆ - kˆ ˆi + ˆj 3 2
æ By ö æ3ö æ1ö
(c) q = tan–1 ç B ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan-1 ç ÷ Þ q = 90°
è xø è6ø è2ø (b) Resultant vector
$ r r r
2. e
Let a, b & g are the angles of vector 5$i + 2$j + 6k j R = A + B = 2$i - 2$j - k$ + $i + $j = 3$i - $j - k$
ej e j e j
from x, y & z-axis respectively. \ projection of resultant on x-axis = 3
r r
Ax 5 5 5. Vector component of a in the direction of b (iˆ + ˆj)
then cos a = = = ,
A 5iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ r r r
65
= (acosq) b̂ =
FG
ab cos q b a. b r
= r b
IJ
cos b =
Ay
=
2
=
2 b H
b |b|2 K
A 5i + 2ˆj + 6kˆ
ˆ 65
(2$i + 3 $j ).($i + $j ) $ $
A 6 6 = (i + j)
cos g = z = =
A 5iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ 65 [ 12 + 12 ]2

The sum of squares of directional cosines of this vector 2´1+ 3 ´1 $ $ 5

= ( i + j ) = ($i + $j )
52 + 22 + 62 65 2 2
cos 2 a + cos 2 b + cos 2 g = = =1
r 65 65 BEGINNER'S BOX-12
3. Resultant of
r r r(R) r $ $
A & B = A + B = (6 $i –6 $j +5 k ) + ( $i +2 $j – k ) r r $i $j k$
= 7 $i –4 $j +4 k $
1. (a) Area of the parallelogram = A ´ B = 3 1 0
\ unit vector parallel to resultant ( R$ ) 0 1 2
r
7 $i - 4$j + 4k$ 7 $i - 4 $j + 4k$ $
= 2$i - 6$j + 3k
R
= r = = b g
22 + -6 + 32 = 7 units
=
2

R 7 $i - 4$j + 4k$ 9
r r
(b) Unit vector perpendicular to both A & B
BEGINNER'S BOX-11 r r
2$i - 6$j + 3k$ 2 6 3$
= $i - $j + k
$n = A ´B
1. Q a = b = 1 so a2 + b2 + 2ab cosq = ( 3 )2 = 3 r r =
A´B 7 7 7 7
1
Þ 1 + 1 + 2cosq = 3 Þ cosq = r r r r
2 2. 3 A ´ B = A. B
r r r r
(a - b) . (2a + b) = 2a – b – abcosq
2 2

Þ 3 ABsinq = ABcosq
1 1
=2–1– = Þ tanq = 1/ 3
2 2
r r Þ q = 30°
2. Q A & B are perpendicular to each other r r
r r 3. If vectors A & B are sides of a triangle then its
\ A.B = 0 1 r r AB
area = A´B =
( )(
Þ 4iˆ - 2jˆ + 4kˆ . -4iˆ + 2jˆ + akˆ = 0 ) 1
2
AB
4
1
\ AB sin q = Þ sin q =
Þ –16 – 4 + 4a = 0 Þ a = 5 2 4 2
Þ q = 30° OR 150°
3. Q (a$ + 2b$ ) is perpendicular to (5a$ - 4b$ ) r r r r r r
4. As | A × B |2 = | A |2 | B |2 – ( A . B )2
\ (a$ + 2b$ ) · (5a$ - 4b$ ) = 0 r r
\ 82 = 22 × 52 – ( A . B )2
Þ 5a$ . a$ - 4a$. b$ + 10b$ . a$ - 8 b$ . b$ = 0 r r
Þ ( A . B )2 = 100 – 64 = 36
r r
Þ 5 + 6a$ . b$ – 8 = 0 Þ 6a$ . b$ = 3 \ A.B = ± 6
 Pre-Medical : Physics 5
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

2. Greatest value = ( -5)2 + (12)2 = 13 22. B R

6 5
3. 1 Þ cos q = q
q 6 A
5
R B/ 2 1
4. x = 4t2 and y = 2t Þ x = y2 Þ Parabolic path. sinq = = = Þ q = 45°
B B 2
5. From point 1 to point 3.
23. B
q is acute and increases.
R
\ (tanq) will be increased
as slope (m) = tanq b
therefore slope will increase from point 1 to point 3. a
dy dx A
6. y = 3x + 5 Þ =3 Resultant is inclined towards vector of large
dt dt
magnitude thus. If A > B then a < b.
Þ y–coordinate changes at faster rate. r r r
24. A + B = C Þ C2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q
7. y
B Þ A2 + B2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q
Þ cos q = 0 Þ q = 90°
A C
31. (A – B) £ R £ (A + B) Þ Rmin = 4, Rmax = 16
x
so 8N will be resultant of these two forces
From A to B : q is acute and decreases, so slope r r r
(tan q) will decreases. 34. A+B =C Þ A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q = C
From B to C : q is obtuse and increases
and A + B = C Þ A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q = A + B
but magnitude will be positive.
So, B to C magnitude will increases. Þ A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q = A2 + B2 + 2AB
8. At x-axis , y = 0 so x2 + 2 –3x = 0 Þ x = 1 and 2
Þ cos q = 1 Þ q = 0°
Therefore curve intersects the x-axis at (1, 0) and
(2, 0).
35. R12 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cosq
9. At t = 1, xA = 3, xB = 6, yA = 1 and yB = 5
r r r
R2 = A - B Þ R22 = A2 + B2 – 2AB cosq
so distance = ( xB - x A )
2
+ ( yB - y A )
2

2 2 thus R12 + R22 = 2(A2 + B2)

= ( 6 - 3) + ( 5 - 1) = 32 + 42 = 5
ur ur
x 37. F1 – F2 £ F 1 + F 2 £ F1 + F2
10. Abscissa (x) = 2 [ordinate (y)] Þ x = 2y Þ y =
2 To produce zero resultant F3 must lie between
11. If side = a, then rate of increase of perimeter w.r.t. F1 – F2 £ F3 £ F1 + F2
æ da ö r r r r
time = 4 ç ÷ = 4(0.2) = 0.8 cm / s 38. If A + B = A = B
è dt ø
then angle between them q = 120°
1 g 1
12. Q f= \ f µ 2
r r
2p l l Let A = B = a

1 4 r r
13. S¥ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ......... = = So A-B = A2 + B2 - 2AB cos q
4 16 64 1-1 3
4 r
= (
a 2 + a 2 - 2a 2 - 1
2)
= 3A
6 Pre-Medical : Physics
40. R=2a cos(q/2) Þ a = 2a cos(q/2) r r r
55. P + Q = R and P 2 + Q2 = R2
Þ cos(q/2) = 1/2 Þ q/2 = 60° Þ q = 120°
41. ˆ 1 + nˆ 2 = 1
n
q
13
12 + 12 + 2cos q = 1 Þ 2 + 2 cosq = 1 R Q 12
-1 P
Þ cosq = Þ q = 120°
2 5
ˆ 1 - nˆ 2 = 12 + 12 - 2 ´ 1 ´ 1cos120° = 3
n
12 æ 12 ö
cosq = Þ q = cos -1 ç ÷
42. 1= ( 0.5) + ( 0.8 ) + c2
2 2 13 è 13 ø
rr
c2 + 0.64 + 0.25 = 1 Þ c2 + 0.89 = 1 57. W = F.S = ( 3iˆ + 2jˆ ) .(2iˆ - 3j)
ˆ =6–6=0
r r
Þ c = 0.11 58. P.Q = PQ
43. cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1 Þ PQ cos q = PQ
1 – sin2a +1 – sin2b + 1 – sin2g = 1 Þ cos q = 1 Þ q = 0°
3 – (sin2a + sin2b + sin2g) = 1
sin2a + sin2b + sin2g = 3 – 1 = 2 B sin q
uur 59. tan a = = tan90° = ¥
44. A = $i + $j + 2k$ A + B cos q
Ay thus, A + B cos q = 0 Þ cosq = –A/B
Ax A
cos a = ,cos b = ,cos g = z r r
A A A r r A×B
60. Component of A along B = A cos q =
1 1 2 1 B
cos a = ,cos b = ,cos g = =
2 2 2 2 r r r r
r æ A×B ö æ A×Bö r
a ˆi + ˆj in vector form = ç ÷ B̂ = ç 2 ÷ B
45. â = r = è B ø è B ø
a 2
ur uur ur $ $ $ r r
46. R = A + B = 3i + 6j - 2kur A × B = ( 3iˆ + 4jˆ ) × ( ˆi + ˆj ) = 7
Unit vector parallel to R is
( 12 + 12 ) = 2
2

3i$ + 6j$ - 2k$ B2 =

= ( 3i + 6j - 2k )
1 $ $ $
R̂ =
2 2 2 7
r r 3 + 6 +r 2 r 7 ˆ ˆ
(i + j)
47. A + B = ˆi Þ B = ˆi - A = ˆi - ( ˆi - ˆj + kˆ ) = ˆj - kˆ thus required component is =
2
x - comp 2 r r r r
49. Angle with y-axis Þ tanq = = 61. If A ^ B then A.B = 0
y - comp 3
æ2ö ( 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ).(5iˆ + 2ˆj - Sk)
ˆ =0
Þ q = tan–1 ç ÷
ur uur uur ur è 3 øuur Þ 15 + 2 – 2S = 0
50. R = ( Aur + Bˆ ) + (A - B
uur
ˆ ) Þ R = 2A Þ 2S = 17 Þ S = 8.5
Thus R and A are in same direction. uur ur
62. Projection of A on B
51. n̂ = aiˆ + bjˆ Þ a 2 + b2 = 1 or a2 + b2 = 1 uur ur
AB cos q A.B uur ˆ
( aiˆ + bjˆ ) × (ˆi + ˆj ) = 0 Þ a+b=0 = A cos q =
B
=
B
= A.B
1 -1 uur ur
a2 + b2 = 1 Þ
A.B (ˆi + ˆj ) . ( ˆj + kˆ ) 1
a= ,b=
2 2
r r r r r r 63. cos q = = = Þ q = 60°
P.Q ( A + B) . ( A - B ) AB 2 2 2
52. cos q = r r = r r r r
P Q A+B A-B r r
A.B ( 3iˆ + 4ˆj + 5kˆ ) . ( 3iˆ + 4ˆj - 5kˆ )
A -B 2 2 64. cos q = = =0
= r r r r = 0 Þ q = 90° AB ( 5 2 )( 5 2 )
r A +r B Ar - Br
53. ( )(
A+B . A-B = 0
r r r r) Þ q =90°
ur uur
Þ A2 – A . B r+ rB . A r – rB2 = 0 66. P.Q = 0 Þ ( ai$ + a$j + 3k$ ) . ( ai$ - 2j$ - k$ ) = 0
Þr Ar = B r (
Q A .B = B .A ) a2 – 2a – 3 = 0 Þ (a – 3) (a + 1) = 0
54. A+B= C Þ Ar2 + B2 r= C2 a = 3 and a = –1
thus angle between A and B is 90°. ur r
67. W = F.S = ( 3i$ + 4j$ ). ( 3i$ + 4j$ ) = 9 + 16 = 25J
 Pre-Medical : Physics 7
r r r r r
ˆ ˆ
(3iˆ + 4k).j 78. A ´ B = 0 Þ A||B
68. Projection = =0 r r r r r
ĵ B ´ C = 0 Þ B||C
r r
69. ( 2i$ + 3j$ + 8k$ ) .( 4j$ - 4iˆ + ak$ ) = 0 thus A and C may be parallel

–8 + 12 + 8a = 0 Þ 8a = – 4 1 r r
79. Area of triangle = A´B
a = –1/2 2
uur ur 80. r r r
70. A = 3i$ + 4j,
$ B = 6i$ + 8j$ v =w´r

$i $j k$
ˆi ˆj kˆ
uur ur r r
v = 1 -2 ˆ + 2)
3 = ˆi( -2 - 3) - ˆj(1 - 3) + k(1
A ´ B = 3 4 0 = 0i$ + 0j$ + 0k$ = 0
1 1 1
6 8 0
= -5iˆ + 2jˆ + 3kˆ
A = 32 + 42 = 5 & B = 62 + 82 = 10
uur ur 1 r r
A × B = ( 3i$ + 4j$ ) . ( 6i$ + 8j$ ) = 18 + 32 = 50 81. Area of parallelogram = d ´ d2
2 1
r r r r r
71. Let F1 = kiˆ Q F1 ´ F2 = 0 d1 and d2 are diagonals.
r r r r r
F2 may be in x-direction 82. ( A ´ B ) and ( B ´ A ) are antiparallel vectors so
r
so F2 = -4iˆ angle between them 180° or p rad.
ur uur r r
73. P ´ Q = ( PQ sin q ) n$
83. A = akˆ , B = bjˆ
ur uur r r
n$ is a unit vector ^ to plane of P and Q A ´ B = ab(kˆ ´ ˆj)
ur uur ur uur = ab (–i) = ab (along west)
µ µ
$n = P ´ Q = æ P ö ´ æ Q ö æ 1 ö = P ´ Q r r r r
ç ÷ ç ÷ç ÷
PQ sin q è P ø è Q øè sin q ø sin q 84. |A ´ B| =|A × B|
ur uur r
75. P´Q = R Þ AB sin q = AB cos q
ur ur uur Þ sin q = cos q
R is ^ to plane of P and Q
Þ tan q = 1 Þ q = 45°
ur ur ur uur ur ur uur
Thus R ^ P,R ^ Q and R ^ ( P + Q ) r r r r
86. A ×B = 0 Þ A ^ B
r r r r r r
77. Let R = A + B and C = A ´ B r r r r
r r r r r Þ A×C = 0 Þ A ^ C
thus, C is ^ to plane of A and B and C ^ R also
r r r r r r r r
C.R = 0 Þ ( A + B ) . ( A ´ B ) = 0 Þ A||B ´ C

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

r r
r r2 r r2 4. A ×B = 0
1. A+B = A-B
wt wt
Þ A2 + B2 + 2AB cosq = A2 + B2 – 2AB cosq cos wt cos + sin wt sin =0
2 2
Þ cos q = 0 Þ q = 90° æ wt ö
uur ur uur ur cos ç wt - = 0 Þ cos wt = 0
2. è 2 ÷ø 2
A ´ B = 3 A.B Þ AB sinq = 3 AB cosq
wt p p
Þ tanq = 3 Þ q = 60° Þ = Þ t=
2 2 w
r r r r
R= A 2 + B2 + 2AB cos60° = (A + B + AB)
2 2 ½
5. A+B = A-B
e
r r Þ A2 + B2 + 2AB cosq = A2 + B2 – 2AB cosq
3. d
Þ f = d + er Þ cos q = 0 Þ q = 90°.
f r r r r r r r
6. Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0 Þ a = 0 Þ v = constant