SECTOR:

HEALTH, SOCIAL AND OTHER COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SERVICES

QUALIFICATION:

MASSAGE THERAPY

COURSE TITLE : MASSAGE THERAPY NC II

NOMINAL DURATION : 700

COURSE DESCRIPTION : The course is designed to enhance the knowledge,

skills and attitudes of massage therapists NC II in
accordance with industry standards. It covers the
basic, common and core competencies such as :
work within a holistic therapeutic massage
framework, perform therapeutic massage treatment,
plan the therapeutic massage treatment, implement
the therapeutic massage treatment, perform remedial
massage treatment and assist in the administration
of therapeutic massage clinic / agency.

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 BASIC
COMPETENCIES

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BASIC COMPETENCY : PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE
COMMUNICATIONS
MODULE TITLE : PARTICIPATING IN WORKPLACE
COMMUNICATIONS

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes required to obtain, interpret and convey
information in response to workplace requirements.

NOMINAL DURATION : 5 Hrs.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

1. Obtain and convey workplace information

2. Complete relevant work related documents.
3. Participate in workplace meeting and discussion.

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LO 1. OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE INFORMATION

Learning outcome :
Define the term ‘Communication”
Identify Principles of Communication

LESSON:
Communication is an active process between the sender and receiver. It is
aninteraction of channels involved to produce a sound. There are principles to
considering the process of communication In the many models of
communication, the Interactive Model is also a representation of this purpose. It
presents that communication is not only a two way process but it has a
“field of experience” which
includes our cultural background, ethnicity, geographic location, extend of travel
and -general personal experiences
Communication is an interaction between two people . It is a process of
interacting your ideas, expression and thoughts to one another or two a group of
people.

COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES:
1. The Good Old Boy
is referred to the experienced speaker who the audience is familiar with. He may
deliver good information but at times he may poorly delivered it.
2. The Entertainer
is the speaker who uses anecdotes or hilarious stories in delivering messages.
3. The Academic
is the speaker who keeps an eye on the precision of the presentation. He uses an
organized outline and delivers the message as planned.
4. The Reader
is the one who reads his script word for word. The speaker is prepared of the
message but at times, it can be technical, boring and difficult to understand.
5. The Snail
is the one who drags his speech in a seemingly endless manner. He tends to
discuss each item thoroughly. He can be too detailed of the message but he would
not notice the time consumed for each discussion anymore.
6. The Gadgeteer
is the person who uses every gimmick and technique in the presentation. Too
much visual aid, the speaker may lose sight of the message.

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 SELF-CHECK 1-1
PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE COMMUNICATIONS
OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE INFORMATION

Activity :
Group yourselves into 2 , pick one type of communication and write down the ad
vantages and disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
1
2
3
4

Evaluation I.

Identification: Write your answers on the space provided before the

number.

________________1. It is an act between the sender and the receiver of the

message.
________________2. It presents that communication is not only a two way process
but it has a “field of experience” which includes our cultural background,
ethnicity, geographic location, extend of travel and -general personal experiences.
_______________ 3.The speaker who uses every gimmick and technique in the
presentation.
________________4. The speaker who drags his speech in a seemingly endless
manner.
________________5 The speaker who keeps an eye on the precision of his
presentation

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LO 2. COMPLETE RELEVANT WORK RELATED DOCUMENTS

ASSESSMENT CRTERIA:
1. Ranges of forms relating to conditions of employment are completed
accurately and legibly.
2. Workplace data is recorded on standard workplace forms and
documents.
3. Basic mathematical process is used for routine calculations.
4. Errors in recording information on forms. Documents are identified
and rectified.
5. Reporting requirements to superior are completed according to
enterprise guidelines.

CONTENTS:
 Basic mathematics
 Technical writing
 Types of forms

LO 3. PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE MEETING AND DISCUSSION

CONTENTS:
 Sentence construction
 Technical writing
 Recording information

A sentence is a self-contained unit of meaning.

Writing is constructed by putting sentences in sequence, one after another

and, if a single sentence is read aloud, it should be understandable.

Meaning should flow from one sentence to the next, carrying the argument or
point of view forward in a clear and concise manner. If you do not use correct
grammar and punctuation, or your sentences are too long and complex, what you
are trying to say will become unclear and the reader will be unable to follow the
text because the flow of meaning is interrupted.
If writing is a relatively new experience, or it is some time since you last wrote
anything, write in fairly short, simple sentences. Aim to make one point in each
sentence or paragraph if the point is more complex. If a sentence delivers two
points, consider splitting it into two sentences.

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 Inconsistencies of grammar and mistakes in grammar blur the meaning of written
work and cause confusion in the mind of the reader. They slow the reader down
and distract him or her from the meaning of the sentences and the key messages
contained.

Sentence Construction

A sentence is a collection of words that convey sense or meaning and is formed

according to the logic of grammar. Clear, short sentences are preferable, and
more effective, than long, complex ones.

The simplest sentence consists only of a noun, a naming word, and a verb or
action word. For example, in the sentence

: What is the meaning of technical writing?

Technical writing is a type of writing where the author is writing about a
particular subject that requires direction, instruction, or explanation. This style
of writing has a very different purpose and different characteristics than
other writing styles such as creative writing, academic writing or
business writing.

Examples of Technical Writing. The most common examples of technical

writing are: User manuals; software installation guides; Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP); Service Level Agreements (SLA); Request for Proposal (RFP); legal
disclaimers; company documents; annual reports

What are the purposes of technical writing?

The main purpose of technical writing is to provide sometimes complex
information. This is the type of writing that will: Assist a person with
understanding more about a particular item, such as a computer or a new drug or
a new piece of technology.

QUALITIES OF GOOD TECHNICAL WRITING:

Accuracy.
Clarity.
Conciseness.
Readability.
Usability.
Correctness

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 SELF-CHECK :1-2
PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE COMMUNICATIONS
COMPLETE RELEVANT WORK RELATED DOCUMENTS

DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING :

1. Everything about TECHNICAL WRITING

2. The purpose of technical writing

3. Qualities of a good technical writing

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 BASIC COMPETENCY : WORK IN A TEAM ENVIRONMENT
MODULE TITLE : WORKING IN A TEAM ENVIRONMENT

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills, and

attitudes required in order to relate in a work-based
environment.

NOMINAL DURATION : 5 Hrs.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LO 1. Describe and identify team role and responsibility in a team.

LO 2. Describe work as a team.

A team environment is any setting that focuses on everyone working

together rather than individually, particularly in the workplace. Whatever role you
prefer to fill, it is likely that you will occasionally encounter situations that call for
teamwork. It's especially important to learn to work well in teams if you land a job
that focuses on a team environment. You'll need to learn how to communicate
well in meetings, work together on projects, and be professional in the workplace,
and in fact, you'll likely need these skills in any office you work in.

Communicating Well in Meetings

1
Let everyone contribute to the discussion. When you're meeting together, it's
important that everyone has a chance to speak. Try not to cut off your peers, and
if you notice other people getting cut off, speak up to let each person have their
say.[1]
 For example, you could say, "Sorry, Rob, I'm not sure John was through. Did you
have something else to say, John?"
2
Listen well. In addition, it's important to actually hear what your peers are saying.
Often, you may be thinking hard about the project and want to jump in with what
you have to say. However, in that time you spent thinking, you haven't heard
what someone else is saying. Make sure you take time to hear each other out, as
otherwise, you'll never be on the same page.[2]
 If you find your mind drifting on an idea, jot a quick note down, then refocus on
what other people are saying.
 Remember to make eye contact with the person who is speaking and lean in
towards him or her. Put away anything that might distract you as well, such as
your cell phone or laptop.
 You can also try nodding your head while the person is talking to show the person
that you are listening.
 Avoid interrupting the person while he or she is speaking. Wait until he or she has
finished to ask questions or make comments.[3]
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 3
Don't shut down ideas. You may be set on one idea. In fact, you may think it's the
only way to work through a situation your team is facing or a problem you're
working on. However, you can't just shut down other people's ideas. For one, it
will keep them from wanting to speak up later. More importantly, someone may
have a better idea if you give it a chance to develop.[4]
 Sometimes, an idea can sound outrageous at first, and you'll want to reject it
immediately. It may take you a little while to warm up to the idea and see that it
actually could work, particularly if it's out of the box.
 Ask more questions about the idea to better understand the logistics. Even if the
idea doesn’t work, it could be a springboard for other ideas.
4
Draw in the holdouts. You'll likely find that there's someone on your team who
doesn't quite know how to work well on a team. They may be shy, or they may
have never been taught how to work with others. If that's the case, try to draw
them out.[5]
 Invite them to speak out when they're quiet in group meetings. Ask them questions
to get them talking.
 In addition, figure out what they're good at, and then propose that they work on
certain tasks to play to their skills. You can even use flattery to draw them in, such
as, "You are so good at the details. Would you mind putting together the
spreadsheet for this project, Jen?"

Working on Projects Together

1
Ask questions and seek to understand. It is important to ensure that you
understand what the speaker is trying to express. One way to ensure that you are
on the same page as someone else is to ask questions. This may help you to avoid
conflicts due to misunderstandings.
 You can use questions to help you understand something that a coworker has just
said to you. For example, if your coworker has just explained a task to you, then
you could say, "So, I think you're saying _____. Is that right?" If you are not on the
same page, then your coworker can clarify his or her meaning for you.
 You can also practice empathetic listening to maintain good work relationships
with your coworkers, such as by echoing what the speaker says.[6] For example, if a
coworker says, "I'm having a terrible day," then you might say, "You're having a
terrible day? What's going on?" By asking a question, you are demonstrating to the
speaker that you have heard him or her and that you would like to know more.

2
Provide updates regularly. Good communication is essential to working well in a
team environment. You need to be able to talk about what you need from your
coworkers, as well as discuss the progress of community projects regularly to
figure out what you've accomplished already and what you still need to
accomplish.[7]
 You can't be passive-aggressive when working with others in a team environment.
Passive-aggressiveness just leads to people being upset. Confront problems head-
on as they arise in a professional manner.

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 For example, if you don't like the way something was done, the passive-aggressive
response would be to make a slightly condescending comment or to go back and do
it the way you wanted it in the first place. The professional approach would be to
discuss why you think another way is better, and then defer to your peers if your
idea is rejected.[8]
3
Do what you say you're going to do. Reliability is one of the main components of
being a good team member. If you don't follow through with your work, you're
dragging the rest of the team down. Plus, you're team members won't trust you
with any work in the future, and your performance could get back to your boss. [9].
4
Find your niche. Everyone has something to contribute to a team. You know what
you're good at, and you can use that to make the team better. For instance, if you
are good at organizing, offer to help oversee the paperwork for the project to help
keep it on the right track.[10]
5
Be willing to do the dirty work. While you should play to your strengths, you're
not always going to be given the prize jobs in group work. No matter what task
you're working on together, everyone is going to need to do some of the grunt
work. Be willing to dig in and do what needs to be done to finish the project.[11]
6
Don't criticize a method just to criticize it. That is, if someone does something a
way you wouldn't do it, analyze the situation before you jump in to "fix" it. You
may realize that the method they are using is just as effective, even if it's not what
you would do in the same situation

Being Professional
1
Be respectful. Of course, you're not always going to like everyone you work with,
and you certainly aren't required to like them. However, it is important to treat the
people in your workplace with respect and professionalism. Throwing fits or
getting in arguments with people you don't like is unprofessional and will slow
down the team's work significantly.[13]
2
Take the time you need. Sometimes, you may want to rush to get certain tasks
done. However, in a team environment, that can lead to mistakes or an ineffective
work process because you're not taking the time to work with other people or
communicate what you're getting done. Make sure to spend the proper amount of
time to do your work well while working with others at the same time. [14]
3
Realize it's always your job. When you're not in a team environment, your job
description may be fairly well defined. In a team environment, you may need to
jump in to help in areas that aren't exactly in your job description because
someone else needs the help. Being willing to help out makes the group work
more efficiently and builds good will.[15]
 In addition, jumping in when you see a need looks good to your boss, earning you
brownie points, which is never a bad thing.
 Also, you may find yourself needing help in the future, and if you've given help in
the past, others will be more willing to offer you help when you need it.
4

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 Show enthusiasm. If you're excited, you'll get others excited. When you're working
together, that excitement can lead to better results, as you're all motivated to do
your best on the projects you're working on. On the other hand, if you constantly
criticize or talk down about a project, that can be catching, too, and it can bring a
project down.[16]
 For example, don't start out the day by saying, "I wish we didn't have to work
through these ridiculous budget reports." Instead, you could say, "I know a budget
report isn't everyone's cup of tea, but just think, going through these budget
reports means we get the money we need to do the projects we love."
5
Take time to get to know each of your peers. Remember that no two people are
alike, and that each team player has strengths, weaknesses, likes, and dislikes.
Knowing what makes your teammates tick is necessary to develop strong and
productive working relationships, where you complement each other rather than
work against each other.
 Spend some time each day talking to your coworkers. Ask how they are and really
listen to their answers. Let them talk about their home lives if they feel like talking
about them.
6
Don't steal credit. It can be tempting to take credit for other people's work. While
it creates animosity no matter what environment you're in, it's especially
detrimental in a team environment, as it can create major rifts. On the other
hand, offering up who deserves credit for each part of the project goes a long way
to building bridges.[17]
 Offering up who deserves credit will make others feel appreciated, and feeling
appreciated for hard work can help create the feeling of being on the same team.


What is a good team player at work?
A good team player at work understands how one’s contribution to the team effort
makes everyone successful. A good team player is open-minded, nonjudgmental,
open to new experiences, can look at the big picture and understand his or her
role in it, encourages others, has a positive attitude, and practices humility and
assertiveness.
What qualities make a good team player?
A good team player is open-minded, honest, humble, and assertive. They have a
positive attitude, creativity, critical thinking skills, and consider others.
What does it mean to work in a team environment?
A team environment is one in which multiple people work together towards a
common goal for the benefit of the team. Each individual contributes according to
his or her strengths.
How can you ensure that you're doing your fair share as part of a team?
Everyone must commit to an agreed-upon share of the work and complete it
without fail or complaint. Don't take on too much for yourself, but also make sure
that you're not leaving too much for others to do. Eventually, you'll find a natural
rhythm that works for your particular group.

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LO 2. DESCRIBE WORK AS A TEAM MEMBER

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD WORK TEAM MEMBERS

WHAT ARE THE QUALITIES OF GOOD TEAM MEMBERS?

1. Honest and Straightforward. A good team member is up front. He/she doesn’t

play games, or lead others on. You can count on a good team member to tell you
what’s what, regardless of whether it is good news or bad news.

2. Shares the Load. A good team member does his or her fair share of the work.
There is a sense of equity and fairness in the good team member. A sense of
equity is critically important for team members’ collective motivation.

3. Reliable. The good team member can be counted on. She or he meets deadlines
and is on time.

4. Fair. A good team member takes appropriate credit, but would never think of
taking credit for someone else’s work.

5. Complements Others’ Skills. An important characteristic of effective work

teams is the shared capacity. Every member has areas of strength and some weak
spots. A good team member provides some unique skills and/or knowledge that
move the team forward.

6. Good Communication Skills. Teamwork is social, so good team members need

to be skilled, and tactful, communicators.

7. Positive Attitude. No one would ever follow a pessimistic leader, and the same
goes for team members. A positive, “can-do” attitude is critical for the good team
member.

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BASIC COMPETENCY : PRACTICE CAREER PROFESSIONALISM
MODULE TITLE : PRACTICING CAREER PROFESSIONALISM

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes in promoting career growth and
advancement, specifically; to integrate personal
objectives with organizational goals set and meet
work priorities and maintain professional growth and
development.

NOMINAL DURATION : 5 Hrs.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LO 1. Integrate personal objectives with organizational goals

LO 2. Set and meet work priorities
LO 3. Maintain professional growth and development

What is career professionalism?

Professionalism is the conduct, behavior and attitude of someone in a work or
business environment. ... Professionalism leads to workplace success, a
strongprofessional reputation and a high level of work ethic and excellence.
skip to main content

Professionalism is the conduct, behavior and attitude of someone in a work or

business environment. A person doesn’t have to work in a specific profession to
demonstrate the important qualities and characteristics of a professional.
Professionalism leads to workplace success, a strong professional reputation and
a high level of work ethic and excellence.

In a recent study on Career Readiness conducted by NACE (National Association

of Colleges and Employers), employers who hire college graduates were asked
which professional competencies were essential to workplace success.
Professionalism/work ethic topped the list with 97.5% of respondents identifying
it as either “absolutely essential” or “essential” for a new college hire’s success.

Here are 12 ways you can develop and practice professionalism:

1. Be productive
Use your time productively at work. Focus on your job responsibilities and
avoid getting pulled into social media, web browsing and phone activity while
on the clock.
2. Develop a professional image
Project a professional presence and dress appropriately for your industry

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 and organization. A good rule of thumb is to dress in the position you aspire
to have.
3. Take the initiative
Ask for more projects to be given to you or think of assignments that will
meet your organization's goals. You don’t want to be under-utilized.
4. Maintain effective work habits
Prioritize, plan and manage your assignments and projects. Follow up and
follow through with your supervisor and team members.
5. Manage your time efficiently
Establish priorities, set goals and create action plans to meet deadlines.
6. Demonstrate integrity
Be accountable for your work and actions while behaving ethically at all
times.
7. Provide excellence
Produce work and results that reflect a sense of pride and professionalism,
often exceeding expectations.
8. Be a problem-solver
When you run into problems and obstacles take the time to brainstorm a few
solutions and alternatives before you meet with your supervisor.
9. Be resilient
Develop coping skills to manage setbacks and challenges with a positive and
constructive attitude.
10.Communicate effectively
Practice professional on-line, in person and interpersonal communication
skills.
11.Develop self-awareness
Learn to manage your emotions and gain awareness of your emotional
triggers so you can manage your reactions positively and productively.
Accept and reflect on feedback to assist as you learn and grow.
12.Build relationships
Network with colleagues, customers and clients to build professional cordial
relationships, work on teams and collaborate effectively.

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LO 1. INTEGRATE PERSONAL OBJECTIVES WITH ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS

CONTENTS:
 Personal Development-Social Aspects: Intra and Interpersonal
Development
 Organizational Goals
 Personal Hygiene and Practices
 Code of Ethics

INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL SKILLS

Interpersonal Skills:

The skills used by a person to properly interact with others. In the business
domain, the term generally refers to an employee’s ability to get along with others
while getting the job done. Interpersonal skills include everything from
communication and listening skills to attitude and deportment. Good
interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for many positions in an organization.

The term “interpersonal skills” is somewhat of a misnomer, because it refers to

character traits possessed by an individual rather than skills that can be taught
in a classroom. Within an organization, employees with good interpersonal skills
are likely be more productive than those with poor interpersonal skills, because of
their propensity to project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems.

Interpersonal skills are the life skills we use every day to communicate and
interact with other people, both individually and in groups. People who have
worked on developing strong interpersonal skills are usually more successful in
both their professional and personal lives. Employers often seek to hire staff
with ‘strong interpersonal skills‘ – they want people who will work well in a team
and are able to communicate effectively with colleagues, customers and clients.

Interpersonal Skills become so natural that we may take them for granted, never
thinking about how we communicate with other people. With a little time and
effort you can develop these skills. Good interpersonal skills can improve many
aspects of your life – professionally and socially – they lead to better
understanding and relationships.

Interpersonal skills are also sometimes referred to as: social skills, people
skills, soft skills, communication skills or life skills. Although these terms can
include interpersonal skills they tend to be broader and therefore may also refer
other types of skills.

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 Intrapersonal Skills:

Though the terms intrapersonal and interpersonal are used interchangeably by

people, there is a distinct difference between the two. Intrapersonal deals with the
emotions, feelings, thoughts that are stirred upon within an individual which the
person next to them might not even be aware of. This is quite different from
interpersonal skills, which is immediately visible to an external audience. There
does however, exist a very strong relationship between them; good intrapersonal
skills will go a long way in producing good interpersonal relationships.

What constitutes intrapersonal relationship skills?

Intrapersonal skills as mentioned earlier are those values, personality traits that
reside deep within an individual. It becomes so much a part of the individual that
most of us are not even aware of their impact on our daily lives. The various
intrapersonal facets that play a significant role in our personal and professional
lives are such as:

 Self Esteem
 Self Confidence
 Assertiveness
 Dealing with
 Negative emotions

Interpersonal Skills:

I don’t care what your problems are, get this job done by the end of the day. ”

Wouldn’t this kind of a message make you feel that you were being treated as an
object, rather than as a person with real feelings? By contrast, when you
empathize with your listener, you show concern for his opinions and assure him
that he is valued. Now look at the same message rephrased:

“1 hope it will not be too difficult for you to complete this job today.”

While the first message conveys indifference, the second message shows greater
sensitivity to the feelings and thoughts of the listener.

organizational goals

Organizational goals are strategic objectives that a company's management

establishes to outline expected outcomes and guide employees' efforts.

There are many advantages to establishing organizational goals: They guide

employee efforts, justify a company's activities and existence, define performance

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standards, provide constraints for pursuing unnecessary goals and function as
behavioral incentives.

For the goals to have business merit, organizations must craft a strategic plan for
choosing and meeting them.

Importance of organizational goals

Goals help define a company's purpose, assist its business growth and achieve its
financial objectives. Setting specific organizational goals can also help a company
measure their organization's progress and determine the tasks that must be
improved to meet those business goals.

Goals need to be specific, measurable, achievable and timely. By setting clear,

realistic goals, organizations have a clearer path to achieve success and realize its
vision. Goal setting, and attaining them, can also help an organization achieve
increased efficiency, productivity and profitability.

Organizations should clearly communicate organizational goals to engage

employees in their work and achieve the organization's desired ends. Having a
clear idea of organizational goals helps employees determine their course of action
to help the business achieve those goals. Employees should also be equipped with
the proper tools and resources needed as they do their work to help meet the
overall organizational goals.

Setting goals can also help companies evaluate employee performance -- for
example, creating individual employee goals that support overall organizational
goals and measuring individual performance against those individual goals. While
an organization can communicate its organizational goals through formal
channels, the most effective and direct way to do so is through employees' direct
supervisors. This enables managers to work with their staff to
develop SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound) goals
that align with the organization's goals. Setting organizational goals also helps
build workplace harmony because it makes employees work toward attaining
similar goals.

While developing sound goals helps organizations with planning, over time, goals
might turn out to be unrealistic and need to be modified accordingly.

Five traits of effective organizational goals

Types of organizational goals

There are two main types of organizational goals:

1. Official: Goals that an organization aims to achieve.

2. Operative: Goals that are required to achieve a desired outcome

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 Examples of organizational goals

Examples of effective organizational goals may include steps taken to cut down on
the time taken to improve and process online orders for customers, keeping
software up to date by applying security patches when needed or improving
customer service interactions by streamlining call center productivity.

PERSONAL HYGIENE & CLEANLINESS FOR MASSAGE THERAPISTS

Personal Hygiene and Cleanliness for Massage Therapists

Have you ever talked to someone with breath so bad that it made your stomach
churn and your nostrils burn? Have you ever walked by someone whose body
odor was so putrid that you couldn't help but gag? Have you ever seen someone's
fingernails that were caked in dirt and grime? Now imagine a person with all of
these horrible descriptions is giving you an hour-long full-body massage. Pretty
gross, right!

Personal hygiene and cleanliness of a massage therapist is very important.

Massage therapists who do not take care of their hygiene properly will be out of a
job because no person will ever want a massage from them. Therefore, it is
imperative that a massage therapist learn and follow the best practices of
personal hygiene.

Bathing and Showering Care

One of the most important practices for proper hygiene for anyone, not just
massage therapists, is to take a daily shower or bath. Ideally, a massage therapist
should take a shower or bath before the start their workday. This makes sure they
are clean and fresh for each of their clients during the day. During a shower or
bath, it is important to wash every major body part with soap, which will help to
eliminate dirt, oil, and various smells that could potentially be offensive and gross
to massage clients.

Oral Care

Because massage therapists often speak very closely to their clients before, during,
and after a massage, it is very important that they follow proper oral care. Bad
breath can be a major turn off and can cause a client to not want to come back for
a second massage. In order to prevent bad breath, a massage therapist should
brush and floss their teeth at least twice a day. It is also important to brush the
tongue. Additionally, using breathe mints before and in-between clients can be a
good idea. However, it is not recommended to use breathe mints or gum during a

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 massage. Sucking on a mint or chewing on gum can be noisy, and these noises
can be very annoying to the client.

Hand Care

A massage therapist's most important tools are their hands. Therefore, it is very
important that they follow proper hand care and keep their hands clean and
smooth. A massage therapist should wash their hands for about 20-30 seconds
before and after each massage. Washing before and after each massage ensures
that their hands are clean for each massage and it prevents the spread of germs.

While washing their hands, they should make sure they wash every part of their
hands as well as under their fingernails. There are special tools and brushes that
are used to clean under fingernails where dirt can collect. Because long
fingernails can be painful to clients during a massage, it is also important for
massage therapists to keep their fingernails properly trimmed using fingernail
files or clippers. Biting or picking off long fingernails can leave the fingernail
jagged and sharp, which can also be painful to the client.

What is the Massage Therapist’s Code of Ethics?

.
.
Massage therapy is a rewarding career, but it can also be challenging since a
therapist is working with a wide range of people by helping them relieve stress or
providing relief from illnesses or injuries. One of the advantages of taking
cosmetology continuing education courses is that a massage therapist can keep
up with the latest helpful information.

Demonstrating Commitment
Massage therapists should strive to be the best they can be by providing high-
quality massage therapy services. By taking continuing education classes and
studying the different types of massage therapy, this helps expand skills and
knowledge that can be offered to clients.

Practicing Non-Discrimination
Being prejudiced against some clients or exhibiting discrimination is unacceptable
under the AMTA standards of conduct. Anyone who needs the relief a massage
therapist can deliver should be considered a viable client. However, if the
therapist is fearful that providing service could be dangerous in some way, he or
she may decline.

Taking continuing education courses is not only required for a massage therapist
but allows the therapist to learn about changes in the industry.
Performing Self Assessments

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 Taking cosmetology continuing education courses, along with training, is an
essential part of the massage therapist’s code of ethics. This guarantees the client
that the therapist is trained in the latest techniques, safety measures and laws
that affect this area of cosmetology. Since this a hands-on position, it is vital that
the massage therapist complies with all the regulations associated with safety.

Keeping a Commitment to Client Privacy

Clients sometimes come in for a massage and spend that time talking
about private matters. It is a massage therapist’s obligation to keep information
shared by a client confidential. Spreading this information may not only damage
the client’s reputation but does not demonstrate a reputable or ethical way to run
a business.
Being Professional
An essential part of the code of ethics of the AMTA is professionalism. This means
that the massage therapist acts professionally at all times. Individuals seek out
the services the massage therapist can offer when they are in pain or under
undue stress. They expect and should be provided the services in a professional
manner.

Being Responsible
An ethical massage therapist maintains the highest standards of the profession.
This means that you uphold the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of
clients, others working with you, and yourself. By maintaining these standards,
the massage therapist will draw even more clients for their services.

Obeying the Rules of Ethics

Professional conduct by members of the AMTA is mandatory. Those who go
outside the Rules of Ethics may be subject to disciplinary measures.

 Obey regulatory and legal requirements expected of a massage therapist.

 Do not engage in sexual activities or sexual conduct during a massage therapy
session.
 Be honest when advertising, and make no misrepresentations as to the price of
services, experience, training, services offered, or credentials.
 Do not use your AMTA membership in an inappropriate manner such as anything
that is misleading, unauthorized, or inappropriate.
 Do not engage in activities that might violate any person’s or organizations
proprietary rights or confidentiality.
Continuing Education
To be the best the best massage therapist possible, it is mandatory that you
participate in cosmetology continuing education. Since your schedule is usually
heavy and every moment you can save is precious, taking an online continuing
education course is the best way to go.

Simply log on to the Beauty Academy and download your desired course. When
you are done reading the material, download the test and send it back. You will
receive a certificate of completion when it is finished. If you have any questions,
just reach out to us by phone or email. We have representatives waiting to answer
your questions. Click here to learn more about our massage therapy courses.

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BASIC COMPETENCY : PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURES

MODULE TITLE : PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

PROCEDURES

NOMINAL DURATION : 5 Hrs.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Identity hazards and risks

LO 2. Evaluate hazards and risks
LO 3. Control hazards and risks
LO 4. Maintain occupational health and safety awareness

Health & Safety Policy

Health and Safety at Sense

Some key health and safety considerations with on-site massage include:

 minimising health risks for customers by performing a thorough safety check

and confirming they are happy to be treated
 checking the pressure is pleasing for the person being treated, to ensure that
they are always comfortable
 minimising risks and hazards to our therapists
 providing information and instruction on how to assess these hazards and
risks
 ensuring that vulnerable individuals, such as minors, are not treated, if they
are, that the treatment is given by an appropriately qualified therapist under
the appropriate supervision
 ensuring equipment is in safe working condition
 ensuring that the environment is safe and comfortable for both the therapist
and the individual
We have a comprehensive risk assessment system, which covers a number of
risks and potential hazards including:
 Fire risks
 Trip hazards
 Over-exertion of client or therapist
 Client fainting due to the lowering of blood pressure with massage
 Risk of injury by jewellery
 Condition and cleanliness of massage equipment

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 Each of these issues are addressed in our comprehensive system, with pre-
emptive steps to take to minimise the risk and clear instruction on how to deal
with each situation should it arise.
For each company that makes a booking with us, as part of our service, we
provide a bespoke risk assessment and method statement to help ensure both
staff and customers stay safe on the day.

The Sense Massage Therapy Health and Safety Policy Statement

GENERAL POLICY :

 to ensure all therapists are competent to do their tasks, that they have
received adequate training, and are fully insured to give the treatment;
 to ensure to provide adequate control of the health and safety risks arising
from our work activities;
 to consult with our therapists on matters affecting their health and safety;
 to ensure all equipment is safe and clean for use, and has been through the
necessary checks (where applicable);
 to provide information, instruction and supervision for therapists;
 to provide information, instruction and guidance for organisers;
 to prevent accidents and cases of work-related ill health;
 to maintain safe and healthy working conditions;
 to review and revise this policy as necessary at regular intervals.

Risks of Massage Therapy

.
Massage benefits include pain relief, relaxation, blood pressure moderation, stress
reduction and anxiety management. The American Cancer Society recommends
massage for some cancer patients and The Touch Research Institute regularly
reports clinical trials that tout the benefits of massage. Unfortunately, there are
some risks to massage therapy that you should be aware of before getting the
benefits.
Blood Clots

The American Massage Therapy Association (AMTA) cautions massage therapists

about the risks of massaging a client with high blood pressure. Approximately 31
percent of Americans over the age of 21 have high blood pressure, a disease that
causes plaque to build up in the arteries. The pressure exerted during a massage
could potentially cause the plaque to rupture and release blood clots into the
system. Though the risk is low for such an event, blood clots can travel to the
heart or brain.
Clients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition that causes blood clots to
develop in the deep veins of the body, are especially at risk. According to the Mayo
Clinic, people with DVT often do not even know they have it. Massage greatly
increases the risks of a clot being released and travelling to the lungs.
Nerve Damage

Some forms of massage, such as deep tissue massage and rolfing, require the
massage therapist to exert pressure past the skin layer, in order to manipulate

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muscles and connective tissues. An untrained therapist, or even a trained
therapist who does not receive proper feedback from the client, might exert too
much pressure, resulting in temporary nerve damage to the client.
Infectious Skin Conditions

A number of infectious conditions of the skin can be transmitted between client

and massage therapist during massage, if the massage therapist is unaware of the
outbreak. These include herpes cold sores and ringworm. Likewise, as in the case
of warts, a massage therapist can unknowingly spread the contagion from one
area of the client’s body to another.
When to Avoid Massage

Certain medical conditions may increase the risk of experiencing negative side
effects from massage. These include cancer, fractured or broken bones, blood
clots, burns, lesions, burns, certain forms of arthritis and osteoporosis, mystery
pains, skin rashes, and infectious diseases of the skin. If you suffer from any of
these, or another serious illness, consult your physician before seeking massage
therapy. Many massage therapists have been specifically trained to work with
patients under medical care, including patients with cancer. Your doctor may
have a list of these. If not, contact the American Massage Therapy Association to
ask for a recommendation.

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 COMMON
COMPETENCIES

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY : IMPLEMENT AND MONITOR INFECTION CONTROL
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

MODULE TITLE : IMPLEMENTING AND MONITORING INFECTION

CONTROL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This unit is concerned with infection control

responsibilities of employees with supervisory
accountability to implement and monitor infection
control policy and procedures in a specific work unit
or team within an organization. This unit does not
apply to a role with organization-wide responsibilities
for infection control policy and procedure
development, implementation or monitoring.

NOMINAL DURATION : 12 Hrs.

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Provide information to the work group about the organization’s infection

control policies and procedures

LO 2. Integrate the organization’s infection control policy and procedure into work
practices

LO 3. Monitor infection control performance and implement improvements in

practices

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LO 1. PROVIDE INFORMATION TO THE WORK GROUP ABOUT THE
ORGANIZATION’S INFECTION CONTROL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Relevant information about the organization’s infection control policy and
procedures, and applicable industry codes of practice are accurately and
clearly explained to the work group.
2. Information about identified hazards and the outcomes of infection risk
assessments is regularly provided to the work group.
3. Opportunity is provided for the work group to seek further information on
workplace infection control issues and practices.

CONTENTS:

 Infection control policy and procedures and relevant industry codes of

practice

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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LO 2. INTEGRATE THE ORGANIZATION’S INFECTION CONTROL POLICY AND
PROCEDURE INTO WORK PRACTICES

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Infection control policy and procedures are implemented by supervisor and
members of the work group.
2. Liaison is maintained with person responsible for organization-wide infection
control.
3. The Supervisor’s coaching support ensures that individuals/teams are able
to implement infection control practices.
4. Work procedures are adopted to reflect appropriate infection control
practice.
5. Issues raised through consultation are dealt with and resolved promptly or
referred to the appropriate personnel for resolution.
6. Workplace procedures for dealing with infection control risks and hazardous
events are implemented whenever necessary.
7. Employees are encouraged to report infection risks and to improve infection
control procedures.

CONTENTS:

 Infection control policy and procedures

 Management systems and procedures for infection control.
 Transmission and control of Communicable diseases
 Risk control measures

LO 3. Monitor infection control performance and implement improvements in

practices

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 1. Infection control hazardous events are investigated promptly to identify their
cause in accordance with organization policy and procedures.
2. Work procedures to control infection risks are monitored to ensure
compliance.
3. Work procedures are regularly reviewed and adjusted to ensure
improvements in infection control practice.
4. Supervisor provides feedback to team and individuals on compliance issues,
changes in work procedures and infection control outcomes.
5. Training in work procedures is provided as required to ensure maintenance
of infection control standards.
6. Inadequacies in work procedures and infection control measures are
identified, corrected or reported to designated personnel.
7. Records of infection control risks and incidents are accurately maintained as
required.
8. Aggregate infection control information reports are used to identify hazards,
to monitor an improve risk control methods and to indicate training needs.

CONTENTS:

 Organizational procedures for monitoring and training.

 Basic understanding of communicable disease transmission.

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY : RESPOND EFFECTIVELY TO
DIFFICULT/CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR

MODULE TITLE : RESPONDING EFFECTIVELY TO

DIFFICULT/CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
to effectively respond to difficult or challenging
behavior of patient.

NOMINAL DURATION : 11 Hrs.

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Plan responses

LO 2. Apply response

LO 3. Report and review incidents

LO 1. PLAN RESPONSES

1. Responses are planned to instances of difficult or challenging behavior to

maximize the availability of other appropriate staff and resources.
2. Specific manifestations of difficult or challenging behavior are identified and
strategies appropriate to these behaviors are planned as required.
3. Safety of self and others is given priority in responding to difficult or
challenging behavior according to institutional policies and procedures.

 OSH and issues relating to difficult and challenging behavior

 Institutional policies, procedures and strategies in dealing with difficult and
challenging behavior

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 CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

LO 2. APPLY RESPONSE

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Difficult or challenging behavior is dealt with promptly, firmly and
diplomatically in accordance with institutional policy and procedures.
2. Communication is used effectively to achieve the desired outcomes in
responding to difficult or challenging behavior.
3. Appropriate strategies are selected to suit particular instances of difficult or
challenging behavior.
4. Employees are encouraged to report infection risks and to improve infection
control procedures.

CONTENTS:

 Dealing with difficult or challenging behavior according to institutional policy

and procedures
 Use company /institutional policy in reporting infection risks and improving
infection control procedures

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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LO 3. REPORT AND REVIEW INCIDENTS

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Incidents are reported according to institutional polices and procedures.
2. Incidents are reviewed with appropriate staff and suggestions appropriate to
area of responsibility are made.
3. Debriefing mechanisms and other activities are used and participated in.
4. Advice and assistance is sought from legitimate sources when appropriate.

CONTENTS:

 Instructions and guidance of health professionals involved with the care of

patient/client
 Institutional polices and procedures in reporting and reviewing incidents

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture/ Discussion
 Group Discussion
 Demo Return Demo
 Film Viewing
 Surface Learning

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY BASIC FIRST AID

MODULE TITLE : APPLYING BASIC FIRST AID

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to provide an initial response where First
Aid is required. In this unit it is assumed that the
First Aider is working under supervision and/or
according to established workplace First Aid
procedures and policies.

NOMINAL DURATION : 11 Hrs.

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Assess the situation

LO 2. Apply basic first aid techniques

LO 3. Communicate details of the incident

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LO 1. ASSESS THE SITUATION

1. Physical hazards to self and casualty’s health and safety are identified.
2. Immediate risks to self and casualty’s occupational health safety (OSH) are
minimized by controlling the hazard in accordance with OSH requirements.
3. Casualty’s vital signs and physical condition are assessed in accordance
with workplace procedures.

CONTENTS:

 Basic anatomy and physiology

 Company standard operating procedures (SOPs)

LO 2. APPLY BASIC FIRST AID TECHNIQUES

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. First Aid management is provided in accordance with established First Aid
procedures.
2. Casualty is reassured in a caring and calm manner and made comfortable
using available resources.
3. First Aid assistance is sought from others in a timely manner and as
appropriate.
4. Casualty’s condition is monitored and responded to in accordance with
effective First Aid principles and workplace procedures.
5. Details of casualty’s physical condition, changes in conditions, management
and response are accurately recorded in line with organizational procedures.
6. Casualty management is finalized according to his/her needs and First aid
principles.

CONTENTS:
 Basic anatomy and physiology
 Dealing with confidentiality
 Knowledge of the First Aiders’ skills limitations
 Consideration of the welfare of the casualty
 Safe manual handling of casualty

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Defibrillation units
 Pressure bandages
 Thermometers
 First Aid Kit
 Eyewash
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 Thermal Blankets
 Pocket Face Masks
 Rubber Gloves
 Dressing
 Space device
 Cervical Collars
 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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LO 3. COMMUNICATE DETAILS OF THE INCIDENT

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Appropriate medical assistance is requested using relevant communication
media and equipment.
2. Details of casualty’s condition and management activities are accurately
conveyed to emergency services/relieving personnel.
3. Reports to supervisors are prepared in a timely manner, presenting all
relevant facts according to established company procedures.

CONTENTS:
 OSH legislation and regulations
 Safe manual handling of casualty
 Report preparation
 Communication skills

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Mobile phone
 Satellite phones
 HF/VHF radio
 Flags
 Flares
 Two-way radio
 Email
 Electronic equipment
 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture/ Discussion
 Group Discussion
 Demo Return Demo
 Film Viewing
 Surface Learning

ASSESSMENT:
 Written Exam
 Interview/ Oral Exam
 Practical Exam
 Direct Observation

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY : MAINTAIN HIGH STANDARDS OF PATIENT
SERVICES

MODULE TITLE : MAINTAINING HIGH STANDARDS OF PATIENT

SERVICES

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required in the maintenance of high standards of
patient services.

NOMINAL DURATION : 11 Hrs.

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Communicate appropriately with patients

LO 2. Establish and maintain good interpersonal relationship with patients

LO 3. Act in a respectful manner at all times

LO 4. Evaluate own work to maintain a high standard of patient service

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LO 1. COMMUNICATE APPROPRIATELY WITH PATIENTS

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Effective communication strategies and techniques are identified and used to
achieve best patient service outcomes.
2. Complaints are responded to in accordance with organizational policy to
ensure best service to patients.
3. Complaints are dealt with in accordance with established procedures.
4. Interpreter services are accessed as required.
5. Action is taken to resolve conflicts either directly, where a positive outcome
can be immediately achieved, or by referral to the appropriate personnel.
6. Participation in work team is constructive and collaborative and
demonstrates an understanding of own role.

CONTENTS:

 Roles and responsibilities of self and other workers within the organization
 Dealing with complaints and conflict

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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LO 2. ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH
PATIENTS

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Rapport is established to ensure the service is appropriate to and in the best
interests of patients.
2. Effective listening skills are used to ensure a high level of effective
communication and quality of service.
3. Patient concerns and needs are correctly identified and responded to
responsibility and accordingly established procedures and guidelines.
4. Effectiveness of interpersonal interaction is consistently monitored and
evaluated to ensure best patient service outcomes.

CONTENTS:

 Listening skills
 Client/patient issues referred to appropriate health professional

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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LO 3. ACT IN A RESPECTFUL MANNER AT ALL TIMES

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Respect for differences is positively, actively and consistently demonstrated

in all work.
2. Confidentiality and privacy of patients is maintained.
3. Courtesy is demonstrated in all interactions with patients, visitors, carers
and family.
4. Assistance with the care of patients with challenging behaviors is provided in
accordance with established procedures.
5. Techniques are used to manage and minimize aggression.

CONTENTS:

 Organizational policies and procedures for privacy and confidentiality of

information provided by patients and others
 Procedures in caring of patients with challenging behaviors
 Techniques in managing and minimizing aggression

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

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LO 4. EVALUATE OWN WORK TO MAINTAIN A HIGH STANDARD OF PATIENT
SERVICE

ASSESTMENT CRITERIA:
1. Advice and assistance is received or sought from appropriate sources on own
performance.
2. Own work is adjusted, incorporating recommendations that address
performance issues, to maintain the agreed standard of patient support.

CONTENTS:

 Cultures relevant to the particular service

 Institutional policy on patient rights and responsibilities

CONDITIONS:

Students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Workplace location
 Tools and equipment appropriate to schedule housekeeping activities and to
monitor and maintain working condition
 Material relevant to the proposed activity and tasks

METHODOLOGIES:

 Lecture/ Discussion
 Group Discussion
 Demo Return Demo
 Film Viewing
 Surface Learning

ASSESSMENT:

 Written Exam
 Interview/ Oral Exam
 Practical Exam
 Direct Observation

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CORE COMPETENCIES

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MADEVERA 2019
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEVELOP MASSAGE PRACTICE

MODULE TITLE DEVELOPING MASSAGE PRACTICE :

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to work effectively within a therapeutic massage
framework.

NOMINAL DURATION : 200 HOURS

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module, the students / trainees will be able to:

LO1. Apply principles of massage practice

LO2. Acquire knowledge of the basic theoretical and practical foundations of massage
therapy

LO3. Implement fundamentals of massage therapy

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LO 1 Apply principles of massage practice Body Mind Spirit

HISTORY OF MASSAGE THERAPY & HOW IT EVOLVED

The Origins of Massage Therapy

Massage therapy history dates back thousands of years to ancient cultures that believed in
it’s medical benefits. The first written records of massage therapy are found in China and
Egypt.

2700 BCE: The first known Chinese text is called “The Yellow Emperor’s Classic Book of
Internal Medicine.” This book was first published in English in 1949, but has become a
staple in massage therapy training and is also often used as a textbook for teaching many
other forms of alternative medicine such as acupuncture, acupressure and herbology.
2500 BCE: Egyptian tomb paintings show that massage therapy was also a part of their
medical tradition. Egyptians get the credit for pioneering reflexology. Their studies and
traditions greatly influenced other cultures such as the Greeks and Romans.
1500 and 500 BCE: The first known written massage therapy traditions come from
India, but practice may have actually originated around 3000 BCE or earlier. Hindus used
the art of healing touch in the practice of Ayurvedic medicine. Ayurveda, a Sanskrit word,
translates to “life health” or “life science.” It is regarded as the basis of holistic medicine,
combining meditation, relaxation and aromatherapy.

Into the West

Early 1800s: It was from this early massage therapy history that the Swedish doctor,
gymnast and educator Per Henril Ling developed a method of movement known as the
“Swedish Movement System.” This is regarded as the foundation for Swedish massage most
commonly used in the West today.
Although the “Swedish Movement System” was developed by Ling, it was Dutchman Johan
Georg Mezger who defined the basic hand strokes of Swedish massage.

Today the most common types of massage practiced in the western hemisphere are
Swedish massage and the Japanese massage practice of Shiatsu.

Where the Industry Is Going

Considering the long history of massage, its incorporation into Western medicine is only in
its infancy. The potential for growth and research of the healing properties of therapeutic

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 massage and body work has gained great momentum over the last fifty years, and the
public demand for massage therapy is at an all-time high.

As a preventative practice, therapeutic massage is used in spas, gyms and work places all
over the country. Using massage therapy to promote balance and maintain internal and
external health is something that is now a standard part of the North American lifestyle.

In the health care industry, massage is commonly used in hospitals, nursing homes and
birthing centers. It is also used in physical therapy and in chiropractic clinics to treat pain,
increase circulation and expedite the healing of injured muscles.

Who created massage?

The method created by Dr. Henril was refined by Johan Georg Mezger, who introduced
several techniques based on Swedish gymnastics, such as the stroke movements, to the
massage modality.

TOP 5 CONDITIONS THAT MASSAGE FOR WELLNESS CAN TREAT

Whether you suffer from physical or mental health issues, massage therapy offers an
essential primary or complimentary treatment option. Massage for wellness comes with
many health benefits that help treat a variety of diseases and conditions, according to
medical studies.

"Research has shown that massage can reduce heart rate, lower blood pressure and
increase blood circulation and lymph flow,". "It also relaxes muscles, improves range of
motion and increases endorphins, which all can enhance medical treatment."

No matter what your ailment, massage can help. However, there are some conditions for
which massage has shown to be a particularly effective tool for reducing symptoms and
promoting recovery.

TOP 5 CONDITIONS THAT MASSAGE FOR WELLNESS CAN TREAT.

Pain

Massage promotes relaxation, making it a great method for reducing a variety of pain
conditions, from those caused by surgery or injury to chronic problems. Research has
shown, for example, that massage therapy can help those who suffer from the common
problem of low back pain. Massage can promote blood flow to parts of the body
experiencing pain and release the body's natural painkillers.

Anxiety and depression

Massage for wellness can help those who suffer from mental health issues. For example, a
study found that massage lowered the stress hormone cortisol in patients suffering from
anxiety by 53 percent,. Research has also found the natural treatment increases serotonin
and dopamine, which helps those experiencing depression.

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Migraines and other headaches

Many factors contribute to headaches, including stress, fatigue and other health issues,
including disease. Massage helps ease tension and pain, which helps patients reduce the
symptoms of headaches or avoid them altogether. Migraine sufferers who receive massage
for wellness experience fewer episodes of head pain, less severe symptoms and an improved
quality of sleep, according to research.

Breast and other cancers

Research shows that breast cancer patients benefit from a reduction of stress and anxiety
when treated with massage therapy.

"Pre-surgery, massage relaxes muscle tissue and increases the flow of lymph. Post surgery,
women who apply specialized lymph drainage techniques from a well-trained massage
therapist to their treatment may experience less pain and swelling."

In addition to relieving stress and anxiety, massage helps those undergoing or recovering
from cancer treatment to reduce their experiences of depression, pain,

fatigue, sleep problems and nausea.

Repetitive strain injuries

Massage helps reduce symptoms in people suffering from repetitive strain injuries, or
issues that affect the muscles and joints and cause symptoms like tenderness, throbbing
pain, tingling or loss of sensation. These issues can be caused by overusing a group of
muscles, maintaining a particular posture for a long period of time, heavy lifting and other
factors. Research on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, for example, found that
massage therapy helped reduce pain and increase grip strength.

Other conditions

Massage helps patients dealing with a variety of other health problems in addition to the
ones listed above, including but not limited to:

 Hypertension, or high blood pressure

 Arthritis
 Fatigue
 Recovery from heart bypass surgery
 Sports injuries
 Stress-related conditions

What is a massage?

There are several types of massage that focus on different parts of the body or healing
approaches. Massage is the practice of rubbing and kneading the body using the hands.

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During a massage, a massage therapist will apply gentle or strong pressure to the muscles
and joints of the body to ease pain and tension. A massage therapist is a person trained in
giving massages.

1. Swedish massage

Swedish massage is a gentle type of full-body massage that’s ideal for people who:

 are new to massage

 have a lot of tension

 are sensitive to touch

It can help release muscle knots, and it’s also a good choice for when you want to fully
relax during a massage.

For this massage, you’ll remove your clothes, though you may choose to keep your
underwear on. You’ll be covered with a sheet while lying on the massage table. The
massage therapist will move the sheet to uncover areas that they are actively working on.

The massage therapist will use a combination of:

 kneading

 long, flowing strokes in the direction of the heart

 deep circular motions

 vibration and tapping

 passive joint movement techniques

Usually a Swedish massage will last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Choose a Swedish massage for relaxation or managing minor pain.

 This type of massage is also good for people new to massage.

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2. Hot stone massage

Hot stone massage is best for people who have muscle pain and tension or who simply
want to relax. This type of therapeutic massage is similar to a Swedish massage, only the
massage therapist uses heated stones in lieu of or in addition to their hands. It eases
muscle tension, improves blood flow, and relieves pain by using heated stones. Hot stone
massage may help:

 ease muscle tension

 improve blood flow

 alleviate pain

 promote relaxation

 relieve stress

During a hot stone massage, heated stones are placed on different areas around your whole
body. Your therapist may hold a stone as they massage different parts of your body using
Swedish massage techniques using gentle pressure. Sometimes cold stones are also used.

You don’t wear clothes for hot stone massage unless you’ll feel more comfortable wearing
your underwear. You will be covered with a sheet. Usually the massage is 90 minutes long.

SUMMARY:

 Hot stone massage may relieve more muscle tension than a Swedish massage because
of the added heat.

 This type of massage in usually more expensive than a Swedish massage.

3. Aromatherapy massage

Aromatherapy massages are best for people who want to have an emotional healing
component to their massage. This type of massage can help:

 boost your mood

 reduce stress and anxiety

 reduce symptoms of depression

 relieve muscle tension

 relieve pain

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Aromatherapy massages combine soft, gentle pressure with the use of essential oils. Your
massage therapist will usually decide which essential oils to use, but you can let them
know if you have a preference. Essential oils are diluted before being applied to the skin.

During the massage, you’ll be given a full-body massage while inhaling essential oils
through a diffuser and absorbing them through your skin. Sometimes an aromatherapy
massage will only focus on your back, shoulders, and head. You won’t wear any clothing
other than underwear, which is optional.

An aromatherapy massage is 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Aromatherapy combines the gentle touches of Swedish massage with the addition of
essential oils.

 Do not use this type of massage if you’re sensitive to smell or essential oils.

4. Deep tissue massage

Deep tissue massage uses more pressure than a Swedish massage. It’s a good option if you
have chronic muscle problems, such as soreness, injury, or imbalance. It can help relieve
tight muscles, chronic muscle pain, and anxiety.

During a deep tissue massage, your massage therapist will use slow strokes and deep
finger pressure to relieve tension from the deepest layers of your muscles and connective
tissues. You can be naked during this massage or wear your underwear.

The massage will last for 60–90 minutes.

While deep tissue may be more intense, you shouldn’t feel any pain or soreness.

SUMMARY:

 Deep tissue massage is a good option if you have a lot of muscle tension or chronic
pain.

 Avoid this type of massage if you’re overly sensitive to pressure.

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5. Sports massage

Sports massage is a good option if you have a repetitive use injury to a muscle, such as
what you may get from playing a sport. It’s also a good option if you’re prone to injuries
because it can be used to help prevent sports injuries. You may also use sports massage to
increase flexibility and performance. Additionally, sports massage can be used to relieve
pain, anxiety, and muscle tension.

A sports massage can be done as a full-body massage or the massage therapist may focus
on the parts of the body that need the most attention. Deep pressure may be alternated
with soothing strokes depending on your needs.

You can have a sports massage while clothed or naked. If you prefer to wear clothing, make
sure it’s thin, loose, and allows the therapist access to your muscles. Loose shorts and a
tank top are options.

The massage will last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Sports massage is a good option if you have an injury from repetitive muscle use.

 This type of massage may also help improve flexibility and sports performance, and
reduce your risk for injury.

6. Trigger point massage

Trigger point massages are best suited for people who have injuries, chronic pain, or a
specific issue or condition. Sometimes areas of tightness in the muscle tissues, known
as trigger points, can cause pain in other parts of the body. By focusing on relieving trigger
points, this type of massage can reduce pain.

Trigger point massage uses broad, flowing strokes that are gentle and relaxing combined
with stronger, deeper pressure. The massage will include work on your entire body, though
your therapist will focus on specific areas of your body that need to be released. You can
wear lightweight clothing for the massage or be fully or partially undressed.

This type of massage will usually last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

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 Trigger point massage can help you manage chronic pain.

 Wear lightweight clothing for this type of massage.

7. Reflexology

Reflexology is best for people who are looking to relax or restore their natural energy levels.
It’s also a good option if you aren’t comfortable being touched on your entire body.
Reflexology uses gentle to firm pressure on different pressure points of the feet, hands, and
ears. You can wear loose, comfortable clothing that allows access to your legs.

A reflexology massage lasts for 30–60 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Reflexology focuses on pressure points in your feet, hands, and ears.

 This is a good option if you’re uncomfortable being touched over your entire body. You
can also be fully clothed during this type of massage.

8. Shiatsu massage

Shiatsu massage is best for people who want to feel relaxed and relieve stress, pain, and
tension. It’s a Japanese type of massage that:

 promotes emotional and physical calm and relaxation

 helps to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression

 may relieve headache

 reduces muscle tension

Shiatsu massage works the whole body, but your therapist may focus on areas of your
body that need extra attention. During the massage, your therapist will use their hands,
palms, and thumbs to massage certain points of your body. Pulsing or rhythmic pressure is
used. You can be fully clothed during this massage.

Shiatsu massages typically last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

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 Shiatsu is a good option if you’re looking for a relaxing massage. It may also help release
minor tension.

 You can be fully clothed during this type of massage.

9. Thai massage

Thai massage is best for people who want a more active form of massage and want to
reduce and relieve pain and stress. It can also help improve:

 flexibility

 circulation

 energy levels

Thai massage works the entire body using a sequence of movements that are similar to
yogic stretching. Your therapist will use their palms and fingers to apply firm pressure to
your body. You’ll also be stretched and twisted into various positions. You can wear loose,
comfortable clothing during the massage.

Thai massage lasts for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Thai massage is more active than other forms of massage, and the therapist will stretch
your body in addition to providing a massage.

 This is another type of massage where you remain fully clothed.

10. Prenatal massage

Prenatal massage can be a safe way for women to get a massage during pregnancy. It can
help reduce pregnancy body aches, reduce stress, and ease muscle tension. You can get a
massage at any time during your pregnancy. However, many facilities, especially in the
United States, do not offer massages to women in their first trimester due to the risk of
miscarriage during this time.

Prenatal massage uses mild pressure similar to Swedish massage. The therapist will focus
on areas such as your lower back, hips, and legs. You can be fully or partially undressed
depending on your comfort level. During the massage, you’ll either lie on your side or on a
specially designed table with a cutout for your belly. If you’ve had pain in your calves or
other parts of your leg, see a doctor before you have a massage.

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The massage will last for 45–60 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Prenatal massage is a good option for pregnant women.

 This type of massage focuses on gentle pressure and is good for relaxation and mild
tension relief.

11. Couple’s massage

A couple’s massage is a massage that you do with your partner, friend, or family member in
the same room. It brings all the benefits of a regular massage and sometimes provides you
with access to the spa’s hot tubs, saunas, and other facilities. Other treatments such as
pedicures, facials, and body scrubs are sometimes offered as part of a package.

You can usually choose which type of massage you’d like to receive, and you and your
partner can each get a different type of massage depending on your preference and the
offerings at the spa. Your partner and you will be on tables side-by-side, and you’ll each
have your own massage therapist working on your body. You can talk during the massage
if you wish.

SUMMARY:

 A couple’s massage is a massage you have in a shared room with a friend, partner, or
family member.

 You can usually choose from a variety of types of massages to have during your
appointment. Swedish and hot stone massages are commonly offered as an option
during a couple’s massage.

12. Chair massage

A chair massage is best for people who want a quick massage that focuses on your neck,
shoulders, and back. A chair massage can also be a way to introduce you to massage if
you’ve never had one before. Chair massage also helps to relieve stress and promote
relaxation. This type of massage uses light to medium pressure.

During the massage, you’ll remain fully clothed and sit in a specially designed chair. You’ll
straddle the chair so that your chest pushes into the back of the chair, allowing the
massage therapist to have access to your back.

These massages are usually 10–30 minutes.

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SUMMARY:

 A chair massage is a great option if you’re short on time.

 This type of massage is also a good option if you’re new to massage.

How to find a massage therapist

You can get a personal recommendation for a massage therapist from a doctor, friend, or
an online directory. Or you can book a few massages with different therapists to see which
one you prefer. Make sure it’s someone with whom you feel comfortable so that you can
fully relax.

Make sure your massage therapist s properly trained and has certificates and state licenses
that are up-to-date. You may wish to have a brief conversation with your therapist before
beginning your sessions so that you can communicate your expectations and ask any
relevant questions.

How much does a massage cost?

Prices vary greatly for massages in the United States. An hourlong massage is usually $50–
$150. Most therapists will expect a 15–20 percent tip on top of this. However, some places
don’t accept gratuity.

Aromatherapy, hot stone, and prenatal massages tend to be more expensive than standard
massages. Depending on the place, some specialty massages such as deep tissue, Thai, or
sports massages may run a bit higher, too.

You can check out a massage school in your area or find a massage therapist who works at
home if you want to find massages at a more reasonable cost.

Insurance sometimes covers massage therapy if you can show it’s being used to treat a
medical condition. Sometimes insurance companies will cover massage therapy if it’s part
of chiropractic care.

The takeaway

Massage may be a way for you to feel better physically, mentally, and emotionally.
Experiment with different types of massage and with different massage therapists to find
the type and provider that is most ideal for you.

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 Always communicate your expectations and intentions with your massage therapist and
speak up if there is something with which you aren’t comfortable. Talk to your doctor
before getting any type of massage if you have any health concerns or condition

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when you should see a doctor.

What Is Cupping Therapy?

Have you ever wondered what cupping therapy is? Keep reading to learn about this
alternative therapy, including what to expect during treatment.

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Massage therapy

Massage therapy is the scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body, consisting
primarily of manual (hands-on) techniques such as applying fixed or movable pressure,
holding, and moving muscles and body tissues.

Purpose

Generally, massage is delivered to improve the flow of blood and lymph (fluid in lymph
glands, part of immune system), to reduce muscular tension or flaccidity, to affect the
nervous system through stimulation or sedation, and to enhance tissue healing.
Therapeutic massage may be recommended for children and adults to deliver benefits such
as the following:

 reducing muscle tension and stiffness

 relieving muscle spasms
 increasing joint and limb flexibility and range of motion
 increasing ease and efficiency of movement
 relieving points of tension and overall stress; inducing relaxation
 promoting deeper and easier breathing
 improving blood circulation and movement of lymph
 relieving tension-related headaches and eyestrain
 promoting faster healing of soft tissue injuries, such as pulled muscles and sprained
ligaments
 reducing pain and swelling related to injuries
 reducing the formation of scar tissue following soft tissue injuries
 enhancing health and nourishment of skin
 improving posture by changing tension patterns that affect posture
 reducing emotional or physical stress and reducing anxiety
 promoting feelings of well-being
 increasing awareness of the mind-body connection and improving mental awareness
and alertness generally

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Massage therapy may also be recommended for its documented clinical benefits such as
improving pulmonary function in young asthma patients, reducing psychoemotional
distress in individuals who suffer from chronic inflammatory bowel disease, helping with
weight gain, improving motor development in premature infants, and enhancing immune
system functioning.

Description

Massage therapy is one of the oldest healthcare practices known. References to massage
are found in ancient Chinese medical texts written more than 4,000 years ago. Massage
has been advocated in Western healthcare practices since the time of Hippocrates, the
"father of medicine."

Massage therapy is the scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body for the
purpose of normalizing those tissues and consists of a group of manual techniques that
include applying fixed or movable pressure, holding, and/or causing movement to parts of
the body. While massage therapy is applied primarily with the hands, sometimes the
forearms or elbows are used. These techniques affect the muscular, skeletal, circulatory,
lymphatic, nervous, and other systems of the body. The basic philosophy of massage
therapy embraces the concept of vis Medicatrix naturae , which means "aiding the ability of
the body to heal itself."

Touch is the fundamental medium of massage therapy. While massage can be described in
terms of the type of techniques performed, touch is not used solely in a mechanistic way in
massage therapy. Because massage usually involves applying touch with some degree of
pressure and movement, the massage therapist must use touch with sensitivity in order to
determine the optimal amount of pressure to use for each person. For example, using too
much pressure may cause the body to tense up, while using too little may not have enough
effect. Touch used with sensitivity also allows the massage therapist to receive useful
information via his or her hands about the individual's body, such as locating areas of
muscle tension and other soft tissue problems. Because touch is also a form of
communication, sensitive touch can convey a sense of caring to the person receiving
massage, enhancing the individual's sense of self and well being.

In practice, many massage therapists use more than one technique or method in their work
and sometimes combine several. Effective massage therapists ascertain each person's
needs and then use the techniques that will best meet those needs.

Swedish massage is the most commonly used form of massage. It uses a system of long
gliding strokes, kneading, and friction techniques on the more superficial layers of muscles,
generally in the direction of blood flow toward the heart, and sometimes combined with
active and passive movements of the joints. It is used to promote general relaxation,
improve circulation and range of motion, and relieve muscle tension.

Deep tissue massage is used to release chronic patterns of muscular tension using slow
strokes, direct pressure, or friction directed across the grain of the muscles. It is applied
with greater pressure and to deeper layers of muscle than Swedish, which is why it is called
deep tissue and is effective for chronic muscular tension.

Sports massage uses techniques that are similar to Swedish and deep tissue but are
specially adapted to deal with the effects of athletic performance on the body and the needs
of athletes regarding training, performing, and recovery from injury.

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Neuromuscular massage is a form of deep massage that is applied to individual muscles. It
is used primarily to release trigger points (intense knots of muscle tension that refer pain to
other parts of the body) and also to increase blood flow. It is often used to reduce pain.
Trigger point massage and myotherapy are similar forms.

Acupressure applies finger or thumb pressure to specific points located on the energy
pathways or "meridians" in order to release blocked energy along these meridians that may
be causing physical discomfort. The rebalance of energy flow releases tension and restores
function of organs and muscles in the body. Shiatsu is a Japanese form of acupressure
that applies these principles.

Massage therapy sessions can be at home or in a professional office. Most sessions are one
hour. Frequency of massage sessions can vary widely as needed based on

Massage therapy may be recommended for children to help relieve conditions such
as allergies , anxietyand stress, arthritis, asthma and bronchitis , joint or limb injuries,
post-surgical muscle rehabilitation, chronic and temporary pain, circulatory problems,
depression, digestive disorders, tension headaches, sleep problems or insomnia, myofascial
pain, sports injuries , and eating problems associated with temporomandibular joint
dysfunction.

Precautions

Massage is comparatively safe; however, it should not be used if the child has one of the
following conditions.

 advanced heart disease

 hypertension (high blood pressure)
 phlebitis
 thrombosis
 embolism
 kidney failure

If the child has cancer , massage is not advisable if the cancer is the kind that can spread
to other organs (metastatic cancer) or if it involves tissue damage due to chemotherapy or
other treatment. Massage may also not be advisable if the child has any of the following
conditions.

 a cold
 an infectious disease
 a contagious skin conditions
 an acute inflammation
 an infected injuries
 an unhealed fractures
 dislocations
 is postoperative with a condition in which pain and muscular splinting are increased
 has frostbite
 has large hernias
 has torn ligaments
 has any condition prone to hemorrhage

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  has a psychosis
 has any other psychological state that may impair communication or perception

Massage should not be used locally on affected areas (i.e., avoid using massage on the
specific areas of the body that are affected by the condition) for the following conditions:
eczema, goiter(thyroid dysfunction), and open skin lesions. Massage may be used on the
areas of the body that are not affected by these conditions. The decision to use massage
must be based on whether it may cause harm. A physician's recommendation is
appropriate before a child with any health condition receives massage therapy.

Preparation

Going for a massage requires little in the way of preparation. Generally, one should be
clean and should not eat just before a massage. Massage therapists generally work by
appointment and usually provide information about how to prepare for an appointment. To
receive the most benefit from a massage, parents should give the therapist accurate health
information about the child and report discomfort of any kind (whether it is from the
massage itself or due to the room temperature or any other distractions). The child can be
encouraged to be as receptive to the process as possible.

Aftercare

There are no special recommendations for after a massage. A period of quiet activity or rest
following the massage helps maintain full benefits from the procedure.

Risks

Massage therapy does not have notable side effects. Rather than feeling too relaxed or too
mentally unfocused after a massage, a child may be both more relaxed and more alert.

Parental concerns

Parents who may not have experienced therapeutic massage themselves or who have
doubts about its effectiveness may be interested in the results of research studies,
particularly those conducted on groups of children. Well designed studies have documented
the benefits of massage therapy for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, acute and
chronic inflammation, chronic lymphedema, nausea , muscle spasm, various soft tissue
dysfunctions, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and psychoemotional stress, which may
aggravate mental illness.

KEY TERMS

Lymph —Clear, slightly yellow fluid carried by a network of thin tubes to every part of the
body. Cells that fight infection are carried in the lymph.

Manipulation —Moving muscles or connective tissue to enhance function, ease tension,

and reduce pain in those tissues as well as other beneficial effects.

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 Mind-body connection —Rather than relying on an understanding of the term
"psychosomatic," mind-body medicine acknowledges the influence of thinking and the
cognitive process on the behavior of chemicals in the body, involving the mind in both
creating the conditions for disease and helping to heal the effects of disease.

Psychoses —Mental illness that interferes with an individual's ability to manage life's
challenges and everyday activities. The impairment of cognitive ability that distorts reality.

Premature infants treated with daily massage therapy gain more weight and have shorter
hospital stays than infants who are not massaged. A study of 40 low-birth-weight babies
found that the 20 massaged babies had a 47 percent greater weight gain per day and
stayed in the hospital an average of six fewer days than 20 infants who did not receive
massage, resulting in a cost savings of approximately $3,000 per infant. Cocaine-exposed,
preterm infants given massage three times daily for a 10-day period showed significant
improvement. Results indicated that massaged infants had fewer postnatal complications
and exhibited fewer stress behaviors during the 10-day period, had a 28 percent greater
daily weight gain, and demonstrated more mature motor behaviors.

A study comparing 52 hospitalized depressed and adjustment disorder children and

adolescents with a control group that viewed relaxation videotapes, found massage therapy
subjects were less depressed and anxious and had lower saliva cortisol levels (an indicator
of less depression).

KEY PRINCIPLES OF MASSAGE

Key Principles
While there are a wide variety of forms of massage and bodywork, all with their own
theoretical or philosophical perspectives, there are certain basic
principles they all tend to hold in common.

Circulation of Blood.
Perhaps the most basic principle in this field is that improved blood circulation is
beneficial for virtually all health conditions. Tension in the muscles and other soft tissues
can impair circulation, resulting in a deficient supply of nutrients and inadequate removal
of wastes or toxins from the tissues of the body. This in turn can lead to illness, structural
and functional problems, or slower healing. Recognition the importance of blood circulation
is implicit in all forms of massage
and bodywork.

Movement of Lymphatic Fluid.

The lymph system is almost as extensive of as that of the blood. The circulation of
lymphatic fluid plays a key role in ridding the body of wastes, toxins, and pathogens. The
lymph system also benefits from massage, particularly in conditions where lymphatic flow
is impaired by injury or surgery (e.g., in postmastectomy women).Elliot Greene describes
the process as one of breaking up the scarring that had occurred in her muscles and
connective tissue or fascia between the muscles, vertebra, and ribs, all of which had
become stuck together. Blood flow through the area was restored and the depression that
had been palpable in her spine gradually began to diminish. The full range of motion of the
spine returned.

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Release of Toxins.

Chronic tension or trauma to the soft tissues of the body can result in the buildup of
toxic by-products of normal metabolism. Hands-on techniques help move the toxins
through the body’s normal pathways of release and elimination.

Release of Tension.
Chronic muscular tension as a result of high stress lifestyles, trauma, or injury can
accumulate and impair the body’s structure and function. Psychological well-being is also
affected. Release of tension allows greater relaxation, which has important physiological
and psychological benefits.

Structure and Function Are Interdependent.

The musculoskeletal structure of the body affects function and function affects structure.
Both can be adversely altered by stress or trauma. Massage therapy and bodywork can
help restore healthy structure and function, thereby allowing better circulation, greater
ease of movement, wider range of movement, more flexibility, and the release of chronic
patterns of tension.

Enhancement of All Bodily Systems.

All bodily systems are affected by better circulation and more harmonious
functioning of the soft tissue and musculature. Internal organ systems as well as the
nervous system, the immune system, and other systems can benefit. There can be an
overall improvement in the quality of life and physical health.

Mind/Body Integration.
Mind and body have a reciprocal relationship. Soma (body) affects psyche (mind)
and vice versa. Hence there can be somatopsychic effects, in which the conditions of the
body affect the mind and emotions, and there can be psychosomatic effects, in which
psychological or emotional conditions affect the body. Change in one domain may cause
change in the other. A habit or fixed pattern in one may also impede change in the other
and require special attention. Often psychotherapy and massage or bodywork complement
each other.

Reduction of Stress.
Stress is increasingly believed to induce illness, and perhaps 80 to 90 percent of all
disease is stress induced. Massage therapy is an effective non-drug method for reducing
stress and promoting relaxation.

Energy.
Many modalities in this tradition work with the flow of energy through the body as a
means to promote healing. Energy can be directed or encouraged to move through and
around the body in such ways as to have impact on the physical structure and function of
the body as well as on emotional well-being. This work may involve hands-on contact or
may be done with no contact with the physical body.

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM CLIENT CONSULTATION

MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING CLIENT CONSULTATION

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to interpret information gathered in the health
assessment, make and review accurate assessment for
basic massage treatment.

NOMINAL DURATION : 103 HOURS

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module, the students / trainees will be able to:

LO 1 Obtain client information

LO 2 Obtain subjective information
LO 3 Obtain objective information
LO 4 Assess gathered information
LO 5 Formulate massage session plan

5 WAYS TO FIND YOUR FIRST MASSAGE CLIENTS

Finding massage clients can be difficult when you’re starting out—and if you’re relying on
word-of-mouth marketing at a time when few people know your name, you may find yourself
with a lot of unfilled appointments in your book.

Here are five client-seeking strategies that can work well when you’re new to the business.

1. Start with Your Massage Clinic Clients

Make sure your practicum clients know you’ve graduated and are starting your own
practice. You can even offer a special discount—at least in the beginning—to help these
people make the transition.

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2. Talk Yourself Up

“Talk with everyone about your profession—family, friends, neighbors, and people in line at
the grocery store, movies and department of motor vehicles “Share your enthusiasm for
your work and the results it produces,” she added. “Excitement is contagious!”

3. Think Locally

Optimize your website for local search, or hire an Internet-savvy person to do this for you.
You need to make sure that when that potential client who doesn’t know of any massage
therapists in the area pulls out his smartphone and does a search for “massage therapists
in Springfield,” for example, that your website will show up at the top of his search results.

4. Give Free Chair Massages

Watch for upcoming health fairs, trade shows, conventions and other community or charity
events, and volunteer your services. Bring your business cards—and be ready to follow up

“Do not just hand out your business cards and wait for them to call you “Contact all
potential clients within a day or two, while you’re still on their minds—and they still feel
good from your massage.”

5. Excel as an Employee

Working for an established massage clinic or franchise location has advantages—including

having clientele-building activities handled for you, which can take a lot of pressure off,
especially when you’re new to the industry.

“Many new graduates find it valuable to start out in the industry by working for an
employer, earning wages and receiving tips,” wrote Wooten and Sanders. “This will help you
further develop your innate touch, build your confidence as a massage therapist, pay bills
or student loans, and start saving money for your business.”

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Thai Massage Offers Benefits for Both the Client and Massage Therapist

Thai massage employs a combination of acupressure, deep compressions and passive yoga-
like stretching. Unlike its Western counterpart, Thai massage is practiced on a mat on the
floor and the client is fully clothed in loose or stretchy, comfortable attire. Generally, no oil
or cream is used, although sometimes herbal compresses or salves may be applied.
One of the reasons the popularity of Thai massage has spiked in recent years is the wide
range of benefits that seems to be unique to this technique. Clients are reporting fast,
effective and lasting results.
Following are some of the benefits clients experience with Thai massage:

INCREASED ENERGY. Some other forms of massage invoke a parasympathetic relaxation

response, leaving the client feeling like they just woke up from a deep sleep at the end of
the massage. While that is wonderful and has numerous benefits, Thai massage seems to
have a more energizing effect on the nervous system. A focus on restoring movement in the
Sen lines combined with the joint mobilization resulting from the passive stretching leaves
the client feeling calm, yet alert and energized.

REDUCED FASCIAL RESTRICTION. The sequence of compressing, thumbing then

stretching commonly used in Thai massage can result in a form of myofascial release.

INCREASED RANGE OF MOTION. By first warming an area with compression and

acupressure, then following with a passive stretch, Thai massage can increase range of
motion in a client in a lasting way. The effects mimic the results achieved in proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation stretching.

IMPROVED POSTURE. When we reduce fascial restrictions and increase range of motion,
our client can experience an immediate improvement in their posture. For many clients,
this improved posture allows them to experience their body in a new way. Continuing to
receive Thai massage on a regular basis can allow them to maintain this improved posture
and all the physical and mental benefits it brings.
REDUCED BACK PAIN. Thai massage tends to focus on areas of the body often overlooked
or underworked in other forms of massage, including the adductor muscles of the inner
thigh, the abdomen, the rib cage and anterior trunk. These specific muscle groups
sometimes lead to a forward to stooped posture when shortened or restricted. The forward
posture that is pervasive in our culture is the leading cause of back pain.
One likely reason Thai massage is able to work these areas consistently is that clients are
fully clothed. Many massage therapists and clients alike shy away from these areas
because they can feel vulnerable or invasive. Also, draping can be a challenge in these
areas. The simple fact of working through clothes as opposed to skin can alleviate many of
these issues.

STROKE PATIENTS. A study conducted in Northern Thailand and published by the

National Institutes of Health in the United States in 2012 sought to find the positive effects
of Thai massage in stroke rehabilitation. The study concluded that patients who received
Thai massage after a stroke experienced significant improvements in activities of daily
living, mood, pain and sleep patterns.
Clients, however, are not the only ones who benefit from Thai massage. This practice has
quite a bit to offer massage therapists, too—mainly the opportunity to maintain their own
health and wellness and help prevent some of the injuries that so often force therapists out
of the profession they love. Following are some of the top benefits Thai massage offers
massage therapists:

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REDUCED COMMON INJURIES. The techniques
and body mechanics of Thai massage do not strain the practitioner like many other forms
of massage can. By relying on gravity and leverage instead of using muscle strength, Thai
massage therapists avoid many of the injuries and pains that are common in this
profession.

REDUCED FATIGUE. Working in a slow, meditative fashion combined with body

mechanics that greatly reduce the exertion by the therapist leads to much less fatigue after
a session or a full day’s work.

INCREASED MARKETABILITY TO CLIENTS AND

EMPLOYERS.
Along with the physical benefits, Thai massage can also help you market yourself and your
practice in new ways. The demand for Thai massage is increasing year after year, as more
employers are seeking qualified Thai massage therapists to add to their staff and more
clients are looking for therapists who practice this technique.

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY PERFORM BODY MASSAGE

MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING BODY MASSAGE

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
interpret information gathered in the health assessment, make
and review accurate assessment for basic massage treatment.

NOMINAL DURATION : 219 HOURS

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

LO 1: Prepare the massage work area

LO 2 : Perform body massage
LO 3 : Perform post- massage activities

What Are the Different Types of Massages?

What is a massage?

There are several types of massage that focus on different parts of the body or healing
approaches. Massage is the practice of rubbing and kneading the body using the hands.
During a massage, a massage therapist will apply gentle or strong pressure to the muscles
and joints of the body to ease pain and tension. A massage therapist is a person trained in
giving massages.

1. Swedish massage

Swedish massage is a gentle type of full-body massage that’s ideal for people who:

 are new to massage

 have a lot of tension
 are sensitive to touch

It can help release muscle knots, and it’s also a good choice for when you want to fully
relax during a massage.

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 For this massage, you’ll remove your clothes, though you may choose to keep your
underwear on. You’ll be covered with a sheet while lying on the massage table. The
massage therapist will move the sheet to uncover areas that they are actively working on.

The massage therapist will use a combination of:

 kneading
 long, flowing strokes in the direction of the heart
 deep circular motions
 vibration and tapping
 passive joint movement techniques

Usually a Swedish massage will last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Choose a Swedish massage for relaxation or managing minor pain.

 This type of massage is also good for people new to massage.

2. Hot stone massage

Hot stone massage is best for people who have muscle pain and tension or who simply
want to relax. This type of therapeutic massage is similar to a Swedish massage, only the
massage therapist uses heated stones in lieu of or in addition to their hands. It eases
muscle tension, improves blood flow, and relieves pain by using heated stones. Hot stone
massagemay help:

 ease muscle tension

 improve blood flow
 alleviate pain
 promote relaxation
 relieve stress

During a hot stone massage, heated stones are placed on different areas around your whole
body. Your therapist may hold a stone as they massage different parts of your body using
Swedish massage techniques using gentle pressure. Sometimes cold stones are also used.

You don’t wear clothes for hot stone massage unless you’ll feel more comfortable wearing
your underwear. You will be covered with a sheet. Usually the massage is 90 minutes long.

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 SUMMARY:

 Hot stone massage may relieve more muscle tension than a Swedish massage because of
the added heat.
 This type of massage in usually more expensive than a Swedish massage.

3. Aromatherapy massage

Aromatherapy massages are best for people who want to have an emotional healing
component to their massage. This type of massage can help:

 boost your mood

 reduce stress and anxiety
 reduce symptoms of depression
 relieve muscle tension
 relieve pain

Aromatherapy massages combine soft, gentle pressure with the use of essential oils. Your
massage therapist will usually decide which essential oils to use, but you can let them
know if you have a preference. Essential oils are diluted before being applied to the skin.

During the massage, you’ll be given a full-body massage while inhaling essential oils
through a diffuser and absorbing them through your skin. Sometimes an aromatherapy
massage will only focus on your back, shoulders, and head. You won’t wear any clothing
other than underwear, which is optional.

An aromatherapy massage is 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Aromatherapy combines the gentle touches of Swedish massage with the addition of
essential oils.
 Do not use this type of massage if you’re sensitive to smell or essential oils.

4. Deep tissue massage

Deep tissue massage uses more pressure than a Swedish massage. It’s a good option if you
have chronic muscle problems, such as soreness, injury, or imbalance. It can help relieve
tight muscles, chronic muscle pain, and anxiety.

During a deep tissue massage, your massage therapist will use slow strokes and deep
finger pressure to relieve tension from the deepest layers of your muscles and connective
tissues. You can be naked during this massage or wear your underwear.

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 The massage will last for 60–90 minutes.

While deep tissue may be more intense, you shouldn’t feel any pain or soreness.

SUMMARY:

 Deep tissue massage is a good option if you have a lot of muscle tension or chronic pain.
 Avoid this type of massage if you’re overly sensitive to pressure.

5. Sports massage

Sports massage is a good option if you have a repetitive use injury to a muscle, such as
what you may get from playing a sport. It’s also a good option if you’re prone to injuries
because it can be used to help prevent sports injuries. You may also use sports massage to
increase flexibility and performance. Additionally, sports massage can be used to relieve
pain, anxiety, and muscle tension.

A sports massage can be done as a full-body massage or the massage therapist may focus
on the parts of the body that need the most attention. Deep pressure may be alternated
with soothing strokes depending on your needs.

You can have a sports massage while clothed or naked. If you prefer to wear clothing, make
sure it’s thin, loose, and allows the therapist access to your muscles. Loose shorts and a
tank top are options.

The massage will last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Sports massage is a good option if you have an injury from repetitive muscle use.
 This type of massage may also help improve flexibility and sports performance, and
reduce your risk for injury.

6. Trigger point massage

Trigger point massages are best suited for people who have injuries, chronic pain, or a
specific issue or condition. Sometimes areas of tightness in the muscle tissues, known
as trigger points, can cause pain in other parts of the body. By focusing on relieving trigger
points, this type of massage can reduce pain.

Trigger point massage uses broad, flowing strokes that are gentle and relaxing combined
with stronger, deeper pressure. The massage will include work on your entire body, though
your therapist will focus on specific areas of your body that need to be released. You can
wear lightweight clothing for the massage or be fully or partially undressed.

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 This type of massage will usually last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Trigger point massage can help you manage chronic pain.

 Wear lightweight clothing for this type of massage.

7. Reflexology

Reflexology is best for people who are looking to relax or restore their natural energy levels.
It’s also a good option if you aren’t comfortable being touched on your entire body.
Reflexology uses gentle to firm pressure on different pressure points of the feet, hands, and
ears. You can wear loose, comfortable clothing that allows access to your legs.

A reflexology massage lasts for 30–60 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Reflexology focuses on pressure points in your feet, hands, and ears.

 This is a good option if you’re uncomfortable being touched over your entire body. You
can also be fully clothed during this type of massage.

8. Shiatsu massage

Shiatsu massage is best for people who want to feel relaxed and relieve stress, pain, and
tension. It’s a Japanese type of massage that:

 promotes emotional and physical calm and relaxation

 helps to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression
 may relieve headache
 reduces muscle tension

Shiatsu massage works the whole body, but your therapist may focus on areas of your
body that need extra attention. During the massage, your therapist will use their hands,
palms, and thumbs to massage certain points of your body. Pulsing or rhythmic pressure is
used. You can be fully clothed during this massage.

Shiatsu massages typically last for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Shiatsu is a good option if you’re looking for a relaxing massage. It may also help release
minor tension.

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 You can be fully clothed during this type of massage.

9. Thai massage

Thai massage is best for people who want a more active form of massage and want to
reduce and relieve pain and stress. It can also help improve:

 flexibility
 circulation
 energy levels

Thai massage works the entire body using a sequence of movements that are similar to
yogic stretching. Your therapist will use their palms and fingers to apply firm pressure to
your body. You’ll also be stretched and twisted into various positions. You can wear loose,
comfortable clothing during the massage.

Thai massage lasts for 60–90 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Thai massage is more active than other forms of massage, and the therapist will stretch
your body in addition to providing a massage.
 This is another type of massage where you remain fully clothed.

10. Prenatal massage

Prenatal massage can be a safe way for women to get a massage during pregnancy. It can
help reduce pregnancy body aches, reduce stress, and ease muscle tension. You can get a
massage at any time during your pregnancy. However, many facilities, especially in the
United States, do not offer massages to women in their first trimester due to the risk of
miscarriage during this time.

Prenatal massage uses mild pressure similar to Swedish massage. The therapist will focus
on areas such as your lower back, hips, and legs. You can be fully or partially undressed
depending on your comfort level. During the massage, you’ll either lie on your side or on a
specially designed table with a cutout for your belly. If you’ve had pain in your calves or
other parts of your leg, see a doctor before you have a massage.

The massage will last for 45–60 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 Prenatal massage is a good option for pregnant women.

 This type of massage focuses on gentle pressure and is good for relaxation and mild
tension relief.
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 11. Couple’s massage

A couple’s massage is a massage that you do with your partner, friend, or family member in
the same room. It brings all the benefits of a regular massage and sometimes provides you
with access to the spa’s hot tubs, saunas, and other facilities. Other treatments such as
pedicures, facials, and body scrubs are sometimes offered as part of a package.

You can usually choose which type of massage you’d like to receive, and you and your
partner can each get a different type of massage depending on your preference and the
offerings at the spa. Your partner and you will be on tables side-by-side, and you’ll each
have your own massage therapist working on your body. You can talk during the massage
if you wish.

SUMMARY:

 A couple’s massage is a massage you have in a shared room with a friend, partner, or
family member.
 You can usually choose from a variety of types of massages to have during your
appointment. Swedish and hot stone massages are commonly offered as an option during
a couple’s massage.

12. Chair massage

A chair massage is best for people who want a quick massage that focuses on your neck,
shoulders, and back. A chair massage can also be a way to introduce you to massage if
you’ve never had one before. Chair massage also helps to relieve stress and promote
relaxation. This type of massage uses light to medium pressure.

During the massage, you’ll remain fully clothed and sit in a specially designed chair. You’ll
straddle the chair so that your chest pushes into the back of the chair, allowing the
massage therapist to have access to your back.

These massages are usually 10–30 minutes.

SUMMARY:

 A chair massage is a great option if you’re short on time.

 This type of massage is also a good option if you’re new to massage.

How to find a massage therapist

You can get a personal recommendation for a massage therapist from a doctor, friend, or
an online directory. Or you can book a few massages with different therapists to see which
one you prefer. Make sure it’s someone with whom you feel comfortable so that you can
fully relax.

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 Make sure your massage therapist s properly trained and has certificates and state licenses
that are up-to-date. You may wish to have a brief conversation with your therapist before
beginning your sessions so that you can communicate your expectations and ask any
relevant questions.

How much does a massage cost?

Prices vary greatly for massages in the United States. An hourlong massage is usually $50–
$150. Most therapists will expect a 15–20 percent tip on top of this. However, some places
don’t accept gratuity.

Aromatherapy, hot stone, and prenatal massages tend to be more expensive than standard
massages. Depending on the place, some specialty massages such as deep tissue, Thai, or
sports massages may run a bit higher, too.

You can check out a massage school in your area or find a massage therapist who works at
home if you want to find massages at a more reasonable cost.

Insurance sometimes covers massage therapy if you can show it’s being used to treat a
medical condition. Sometimes insurance companies will cover massage therapy if it’s part
of chiropractic care.

The takeaway

Massage may be a way for you to feel better physically, mentally, and emotionally.
Experiment with different types of massage and with different massage therapists to find
the type and provider that is most ideal for you.

Always communicate your expectations and intentions with your massage therapist and
speak up if there is something with which you aren’t comfortable. Talk to your doctor
before getting any type of massage if you have any health concerns or conditions.

How to Treat and Prevent Muscle Knots

Muscle knots can be painful, but they are treatable. We explain your treatment options and
when you should see a doctor.

What Is Cupping Therapy?

Have you ever wondered what cupping therapy is? Keep reading to learn about this
alternative therapy, including what to expect during treatment.

3 Massages for Pressure Points on Feet

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 Ancient practices and a growing body of medical research suggest that massaging pressure
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HOW TO PREPARE FOR A MASSAGE

Getting a massage is a relaxing and enriching experience. However, it's hard to know a lot of
times what to do before and after your massage. Read on for some tips on how to only get
the good side of this delightful appointment.

Part1
Before the Massage
1.

1
Pick your therapist. If you don't already know who you want to go to, it's important to do
your research to find a massage therapist. Ask your friends, look online, and simply glance
around at some nearby places to know what you're
2
Know what needs work. Based on your job, you're more likely to have knots in certain
places. Massage therapists are trained to know where knots are[1], so don't be afraid to let
your therapist know that you do something that often causes your knots.
2.

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 3
Make your appointment. Once you have a basic idea of who you want and what you'll need,
contact the therapist's office and make an appointment. If you have a certain date in mind,
try calling about a week in advance - it's hard to get an appointment one or two days before.
 If you have preferences, let the office know in advance. Want someone of a certain gender?
Are you or the person you're calling for under eighteen? Sprained your ankle a few weeks
ago, and it's still a bit tender? They will want to know this as soon as possible, so let them
know.
 You'll want to relax after your massage. If at all possible, try to book at a time when you
know you'll have a period afterwards to chill out.

Part2
During the Massage

1
Do your preliminaries. Depending on the office and whether you've been there before, you
may need to fill out a form or simply speak with your therapist for a few minutes. This is to
decide what spots on you need work, if you have any medical conditions, e.t.c.
2
Get ready. Most likely, your massage therapist will request that you strip down to your
preferred undergarments (if any) and will leave the room. You do not have to get entirely
naked, although the more you have on, the more boundaries the therapist will have.

3Enjoy your massage. Finally, you can relax. If you've never had a massage before, a good
place to start is at a simple half hour massage, although you're welcome to go for any
amount of time.

Part3

After the Massage

1
Drink water. The oils used by massage therapists has a "detox" effect, but this can
dehydrate you. Drinking a bottle of water after your massage will very much help to prevent
this.
2
Have a snack.[2] Even though you were just lying on a table doing nothing, your digestive
system was still at work during your massage, and chances are that you'll be hungry. Eat
something after your massage to keep your blood sugar even.
3

Give yourself time to relax after the massage. If you don't have anything to do for a while
afterwards, simply leave on the oils, drink lots of water, and chill out. However, if you need
to do something, it's a good idea to wash off the oils - you may feel like a freshly-greased
chicken with them on, plus there's a slight possibility they can get on your clothes. Many

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spas that offer massage also have showers you can use. Another alternative to this is to use
your own oil, you can choose a "dry oil" which leaves little to no residue.

4
Be prepared for some soreness. Whether it's directly after your massage, a few hours later,
or the next day, chances are that you'll be sore soon, especially if you had a deep tissue
massage.[3] This is perfectly normal, and it's caused by lactic acid flooding your system
during the massage and can be cured by drinking a lot of water to flush it out of your body.

TYPES OF MASSAGE
SWEDISH MASSAGE

Swedish massage therapy is the modality that comes to mind when most people think
about massage. As the best-known type of bodywork performed today, one of the primary
goals of the Swedish massage technique is to relax the entire body. This is accomplished by
rubbing the muscles with long gliding strokes in the direction of blood returning to the
heart. But Swedish massage therapy goes beyond relaxation. Swedish massage is
exceptionally beneficial for increasing the level of oxygen in the blood, decreasing muscle
toxins, improving circulation and flexibility while easing tension.

A study conducted by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine,
and published in The New York Times, found that volunteers who received a 45-minute
Swedish massage experienced significant decreases in levels of the stress hormone cortisol,
as well as arginine vasopressin-a hormone that can lead to increases in cortisol. Volunteers
also had increases in the number of lymphocytes, white blood cells that are part of the
immune system, and a boost in the immune cells that may help fight colds and the flu.

SWEDISH MASSAGE TECHNIQUES

Additional Swedish massage techniques include circular pressure applied by the hands and
palms, firm kneading, percussion-like tapping, bending and stretching. Before and during
your Swedish massage session, communication is encouraged with your professional
massage therapist so that your massage is customized to your specific needs.

10 STEPS TO A GREAT MASSAGE

Boost your partner's health and happiness with a massage.

Having a massage can be seriously beneficial for your health. Research suggests it can ease
insomnia, boost immunity, prevent PMT and increase alertness. Studies also show massage
reduces levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which can lead to less stress, anxiety and
depression.

Giving a relaxing massage is also a wonderful way to help you connect with your partner.
The touch forges a strong, safe, trusting bond that will, in turn, improve your loved one's
wellbeing (not to mention their mood).

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10 EASY STEPS TO GIVING A RELAXING, RESTORATIVE MASSAGE BASED ON THE
HAWAIIAN STYLE.
1. Choose your oils

Whichever oil you use, warm it before use by placing the bottle in a jug of hot water.
Then rub a little oil between your hands before starting – never pour oil directly onto
the body, as it can come as a shock. Use enough oil to avoid unpleasant friction, but
not so much that there is a slick on the recipient's body.

Before starting, always check that the person having the massage has no allergies.
Some people are allergic to lavender, while traces of other nuts in almond oil could
cause problems.
2. Create the right ambience
Prepare the room by burning incense or essential oil and fashion a pampering
environment with fresh flowers and low lighting. "If you'd like to play music, you could
opt for sounds of nature or something soothing, like Celtic harp, or perhaps something
more rootsy, like Eva Cassidy or Hawaiian singers," Dixon says.
3. Channel the positive energy
Get the recipient to lie face down and ask them to take a few deep breaths. Place both
hands on their back in the area that corresponds to where the heart is.

"Your aim is to channel energy down through your heart and out through your hands,"
Dixon says.

In Hawaii, in traditional lomi lomi massage, the Hawaiians also pray for the person,
but you could just focus your positive intent.
4. Warm up
Dixon stresses the importance of warming up the muscles at the beginning of a
massage, like an athlete would. "Begin with light, long and flowing surface strokes,"
she says, "then work the muscles more deeply as you progress into the session."
5. Move smoothly
It's important to get into a calm, almost meditative state when giving a massage, in
order to calm the recipient. It is also important to use flowing, soothing movements and
Dixon recommends imagining you are doing something similar to tai chi.

Each school of massage differs slightly. For example, Swedish massage focuses on the
body in distinct, small parts, while the Hawaiian school of thought believes energy
flows through the body and so the body needs to be massaged as a whole to restore
balance. To this end, use both your hands and forearms in long, fluid sweeps.
6. Avoid injuring yourself
Dixon says the average masseuse has a working lifespan of seven years before injury
prevents them from continuing. Shoulders, hands, thumbs, elbows and wrists are all
at risk, particularly through repetitive strain, so the Hawaiian method teaches you to
manoeuvre through your legs.
7. Work methodically through the body
Dixon recommends starting at the back and working through the back of the arms,
neck, back of the legs and feet. If the receiver is comfortable having their front
massaged, lead with the legs, then arms, hands and chest. Dixon says stimulating
reflex points in the hands and feet releases endorphins from the pituitary gland at the
base of the skull, which has a feel-good effect on the whole body.
8. Use your intuition

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 Listen to the body, Dixon says. If an area tenses up or goes red, give it some extra
work. "I can feel energy movement and blockages," she says, "but that does take
practice."
9. Be aware of discomfort
There are some no-nos when carrying out a massage. The stomach, in particular, holds
a lot of emotions. A stomach massage can also feel too intimate. Ask the person
receiving the massage what areas of the body they want massaged and what pressure
they like. Don't randomly dig into an area, either – keep your strokes flowing and
without the element of surprise.
10. Finish nurturingly
Winding up your massage with an extremity – the hands, feet, head or face – has a
powerful relaxing effect, thanks to the release of endorphins.

If working on the face, use a light jojoba oil. Some people love a scalp massage, and
working oil into the hair is also great for conditioning, but check it will be appreciated
first.

Cool down the muscles with long, relaxing strokes and finally, finish with another
energy balance. Place your hands over the recipient's heart – or perhaps one hand on
the forehead and one on the stomach – and visualise yourself sending them a healing
light.

What does a full body massage include?

A full-body massage usually includes your arms, legs, hands and feet, your neck and back,
your stomach and buttocks. The area around the breasts is usually massaged but not the
breasts themselves. You can always say you hate having your breast area or buttocks or
whatever touched.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR A DEEP TISSUE MASSAGE

A deep tissue massage varies greatly from a Swedish or sports massage. While the goal of a
Swedish massage is to use long strokes to relax you, a deep tissue massage uses forceful,
deep strokes in order to work deeper muscles and connective tissues. The goal of a deep
tissue massage is to target deep muscles and break up knots, improve muscle positions
and release built-up toxins.

Step 1

Do research to find a good massage therapist. Call massage businesses in your area to
inquire about a the credentials of their staff. In addition to a certificate and license to
practice massage, ask about how long the individual has been performing massage
services. You could also ask your doctor to recommend a therapist.

Step 2

Prepare relevant health information for the therapist. A deep tissue massage can be
somewhat uncomfortable. If you have any pain in your body or injuries, this is information

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the therapist will need to know. Preparing the information ahead of time will ensure you do
not forget anything when you are at your appointment. You may also choose to include
information pertaining to any allergies you have or preferences on aromatherapy scents.

Step 3

Drink water. Deep tissue massages are designed to break up knots and adjust your
muscles. They also release toxins from the muscles, which might make you feel fatigued or
nauseated after a massage. Staying well hydrated by drinking water before and after the
massage will help alleviate these symptoms.

Step 4

Take a warm shower before the massage to loosen up your muscles and help put you in a
relaxed state. A fresh, clean body will also make the experience more pleasant for your
massage therapist.

Step 5

Wear loose, comfortable clothing to the massage appointment. This will help you continue
to feel relaxed and make the process of undressing easier. You may also feel sore or tender
following the massage, so loose clothing will be more comfortable to wear.
Warning

Generally massages are safe if performed by a trained professional massage therapist.

However, if you have unexplained pain, cancer, blood clots, fractures, arthritis or
osteoporosis, consult a doctor prior to receiving a massage.

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UNIT OF COMPETENCY : MAINTAIN AND ORGANIZE TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS, SUPPLIES
AND WORK AREA

MODULE TITLE : MAINTAINING AND ORGANIZE TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS,

SUPPLIES AND WORK AREA

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes required to work effectively within a therapeutic
massage framework.

NOMINAL DURATION : 102 HOURS

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

LO 1: Perform stock control and inventory procedures

LO 2: Clean and organize work area

LO Z Handle tools and equipment

LO 4: Review therapeutic massage treatment

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

3 Body Mechanics – refers to using the body in an efficient and careful way
4 Hazardous waste – refers to the items contaminated with blood, body fluids or body
substances that may be harmful to others
5 Infection control - is the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-
associated infection, a practical (rather than academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology. It
is an essential, though often underrecognized and under supported, part of the
infrastructure of health care.Infection control and hospital epidemiology are akin to public
health practice, practiced within the confines of a particular health-care delivery system
rather than directed at society as a whole. Anti-infective agents
include antibiotics, antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals and antiprotozoals.[1]
Infection control addresses factors related to the spread of infections within the
healthcare setting (whether patient-to-patient, from patients to staff and from staff to
patients, or among-staff), including prevention (via hand hygiene/hand washing,
cleaning/disinfection/sterilization, vaccination, surveillance), monitoring/investigation of
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 demonstrated or suspected spread of infection within a particular health-care setting
(surveillance and outbreak investigation), and management (interruption of outbreaks). It
is on this basis that the common title being adopted within health care is "infection
prevention and control."
6 OSH – refers to Occupational Safety and Health
7 First Aid Kit – refers to emergency tools used to administer treatment to injured or sick
person
8 Linen – refers to material used in draping
9 Trolley – refers to device used to transport materials
10 PPE - refers to Personal Protective Equipment
11 Thermal blanket – refers to materials used to decrease the body temperature or keep the
body warm.
12 Holistic – refers to integrated wholes or complete systems (of the physical, mental,
emotional and spiritual aspects of the individual).
13 Framework – refers to the basic supporting idea/concept/theory.
14 Theoretical Framework – refers to the synthesis of several theories and principles which
serve as basis and structure to concepts and practice.
15 Massage Therapy – refers to techniques designed to enhance overall body awareness,
stretch and relax muscles, relieve muscle pain and spasms, improve range of motion,
improve circulation and relax the body and mind.

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 Course Title: MASSAGE THERAPY NC Level: NC II

NOMINAL TRAINING HOURS:

20 hrs. Basic Competencies
56 hrs. Common Competencies
624 hrs. Core Competencies
700

Course Description:

This course is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitude of Massage
Therapy workers in accordance to massage practice standards. It covers the basic,
common, and core competencies in MASSAGE THERAPY NC II.

To obtain this, all units prescribed for this qualification must be achieved.

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