IT

Components

Dr.techn. Apitchaka Singjai

apitchaka.s@cmu.ac.th
Software Engineering
 We all rely on computers and
the internet every day, but
would you believe…
there's still so much to learn
about the different
components that make IT
work?
DIGITAL LITERACY
 Understanding the hardware, software,
networks, and data that make up IT is

Why is it essential. Just like understanding the nuts

and bolts of a machine, it empowers you to
navigate the digital world effectively,

important? troubleshoot issues, and leverage technology

to its full potential”

DIGITAL LITERACY

NECESSARY"KEY" SKILL FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

STUDENTS, ACCORDING TOCOMPUTING RESEARCH
What "Understanding the hardware (processors,
memory), software (operating systems,
applications), networks (connections), and data

do we (the building blocks) that work together is crucial

for navigating today's digital world."

study?
Hardware Software Network Data

DIGITAL LITERACY
5
Hardware
Components
Explore the physical building blocks that power modern technology, from the microchips and
processors that drive computational power to the storage devices and peripherals that enable data
input and output.
 Hardware component

• Refers to computer parts or components that can

be seen and touched.
• Can be either inside or outside the computer.

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 1.1 Input Device

• Used for getting two types of information into the

central processing unit
1) Information or data: Stored or manipulated,
2) Program or set of instructions (Software) that instructs
the computer how to deal with the data.

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 Basic
Computer
Hardware

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 1.2 Output Device
• Output devices provide the means through which
computer generated information is received.
• The primary output devices are, for instances, computer
screen, printer, speaker, etc.

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1.3 Processing Unit

• Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the

heart of the mainframe computer with
two main capacities:
1) The ability to store information. The
storage capacity can also be increased
with secondary or external storage.
2) The ability to manipulate information.
• CPU stores information or data and the
operating system.
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Data Measurement Chart
Data Measurement Size
Bit Single Binary Digit (1 or 0)
Byte 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) 1,024 Bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1,024 Kilobytes
Gigabyte (GB) 1,024 Megabytes
Terabyte (TB) 1,024 Gigabytes
Petabyte (PB) 1,024 Terabytes
Exabyte (EB) 1,024 Petabytes
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Input Process Output

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Software
Components
Explore the diverse range of software that powers modern technology, from operating systems
and programming languages to applications and utilities that enable a wide array of digital
experiences.
 • Software refers to computer
instructions or collection of code
that run on a computer.
• Cannot be seen or touched.
• Such as computer operating systems,
Software application software, hardware
drivers, games, etc.
• System Software are programs that
allow the user to communicate with
the hardware or computers and let
the hardware function correctly.
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Operating System

• The operating system is

used to run a computer.
• It manages the hardware
devices, loads programs and
the security of the
computer.

Operating systems are the core software that manage a computer's hardware and resources, providing a
platform for running applications and enabling user interaction.
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 Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile operating
operating systems like iOS and Android, each with their own unique features and user
and user experiences.
Operating System
Commonly Used Nowadays

Computer
• Microsoft Windows
• UNIX or Linux
• Apple Mac OS X
Smartphone
• iOS
• Android
• Window Phone
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 1. Provides a user interface: Helps the user
interact with the computer
2. Manages Applications: Starts and stops
applications automatically or when the user
requests.
3. Manages Files: Helps find, save, organize,
Operating and delete files.
System Tasks 4. Manages Computer Memory: Decide how
much memory should be allocated to RAM
Importance : Operating systems are essential
when multiple programs are running.
for modern computing, providing the 5. Manages Computer Security: Prevents
foundation for software to run and enabling
seamless interaction between hardware and
unauthorized access to a system
applications. 6. Manages Peripherals: Manages all hardware
devices connect to the computer.
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 Started to operate on IBM PC in 1981, namely PC-DOS.

Then, Microsoft company created MS-DOS for all computers and

Disk became widely used until the present day.
Operating
System:
DOS The last versions, 8.0, were released in 2000.

MS-DOS is still functioning, especially with older version of

computers with lower memory storage.
 DOS
• Not user-friendly
• Originally, users had to
remember every command and
type-in the command to
instruct the computer.
• Later on, MS developed new
version, 3.11, of DOS in 1985-
1990 that work by using
Graphic User Interface (GUI).
• The 3.11 version was a single-
user, multi-task, and generic
OS, which can be used with any
computer.

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Windows

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 Windows
Found in 1980 by Linus Trovalds, a Computer Science student in Finland.

High performance and can work on the internet platform.

Similar to Linux, but more flexible in terms of generic OS and open source.

Users can develop and improve the performance as needed.

Always update the system for the better performance.

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 • Macintosh operating system is the first system that
can use GUI, found in 1984 by Apple company.
MAC OS X• Renamed to Mac OS, then Mac OS X.
• Can only operate with Apple computers.
• Multi-tasking system and suitable for multi-media and
publishing works.

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Apple Revolution

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 Utility System Software
• Definition: Software designed to
help analyze, configure, optimize,
or maintain a computer.
• Importance: Essential for efficient
and secure system operation,
ensuring smooth functioning and
protecting against issues.
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Types of Utility
Software
• 1. Disk Management Utilities
• 2. System Monitoring and Optimization
• 3. Backup and Recovery Tools
• 4. Security Utilities
• 5. File Management Utilities
Disk Management
Utilities
• Examples: Disk Defragmenters, Disk Cleaners
• Benefits:
• - Improved performance by reorganizing data
• - Efficient disk usage by removing unnecessary files
System Monitoring
and Optimization
• Examples: Task Managers, Performance Monitors
• Benefits:
• - Enhanced system performance by monitoring
resource usage
• - Better resource management for smoother
operation
Backup and Recovery
Tools
• Examples: Backup Software, System Restore
• Benefits:
• - Protection against data loss by creating backups
• - Disaster recovery by restoring systems to previous
states
Security Utilities
• Examples: Antivirus Software, Firewalls
• Benefits:
• - Protection against malware and cyber threats
• - Secure data and safe browsing environment
File Management
Utilities
• Examples: File Compression Tools, File Managers
• Benefits:
• - Efficient file storage by compressing files
• - Easy file access and organization
 • Examples:
• - CCleaner: Disk cleaner and system optimizer
• - Norton Utilities: Comprehensive system maintenance
- WinRAR: File compression and management
Popular Utility
•
• - Recuva: File recovery tool

Software
 Utility System Software

• Utility system software is crucial for maintaining, optimizing,

and securing computer systems.
• These tools enhance performance, protect data, and ensure
efficient system management.

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 Application Software
• Computer programs that used for
specific tasks, i.e. Microsoft Office.
• Ex. Spreadsheet software, database
management, control software,
measuring software, applets and
apps, photo editing software, graphic
manipulation software, word
processing software, games, etc.

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Networking &
Communication
Networking and Communication
Network Fundamentals
Explore the basic principles of computer networking, including protocols, topologies, and
topologies, and the OSI model that enable seamless data exchange.

Wired and Wireless

Understand the differences and applications of wired (Ethernet) and wireless (Wi -Fi,
(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) communication technologies in modern computing environments.
environments.

Internet and Web

Learn about the global network of interconnected computers and servers that make up
that make up the internet, and the protocols that power web browsing and online
online services.
Data
Database Management

Data Storage Data Organization

Databases provide secure and structured storage Database management systems (DBMS) offer
for large volumes of digital data, enabling efficient sophisticated tools to organize data into tables,
retrieval and manipulation. relationships, and queries for seamless data
management.

Data Integrity Scalability

Databases ensure data integrity through features Databases can scale to handle increasing amounts
like transactions, constraints, and backups, amounts of data and user demands, making them
safeguarding information from errors or making them essential for modern, data-driven
unauthorized changes. driven applications.
CONCLUSION AND KEY TAKEAWAYS
Interconnectedness Continuous Importance of Transferable Skills
Evolution Understanding Skills

Information The IT landscape is A comprehensive The knowledge

technology constantly evolving, understanding of IT gained from
components are with new components is studying IT
deeply technologies and essential for components can be
interconnected, advancements effectively applied across a
forming a complex continuously leveraging wide range of fields
ecosystem that shaping the future technology to and industries.
powers modern of computing. address diverse
digital solutions. challenges.
 Reference:
Long, R.J. (2018). New Office Information Technology: Human
and Managerial Implications. Routledge: NY.