13/08/2024

CSI293 Information Technology Fundamentals

Lecturer: Tebogo Seipone

Office: 247/284
Email: seiponet@ub.ac.bw

Lectures: MWF 0800

Labs: Tuesday 1300 – 1500 hours (Block 247 Lab 294)

Office Hour: Thursday 1500 – 1600 hours

What is Information Technology?

▪ Any technology that manipulates, stores, communicates and

disseminates information

▪ Two main parts of IT are

o Computers
o Communications

▪ IT basically merges computing and high

speed Communication links carrying
data, sound and/or video

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Why Information Technology?

▪ Ever increasing need to improve operations of any organization

➢ By utilizing technology as a tool to improve the processing and
information dissemination

▪ Optimization of processes within the industry it is used

➢ The results is increased profits

▪ Can you think of any other ???

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Benefits
➢ Processing is done at very high speed, allowing for complex tasks to
be performed in milliseconds or even micro

➢ Once programmed a computer carries tasks consistently and reliably

without any variations

➢ Provides large storage of data for later use

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Basic IT Concepts

❖ Basic Functions of a Computer:

▪ Input

▪ Processing

▪ Storage

▪ Output

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Brief History of IT

❖ In 1946 The world saw First Programmable electronic computer

called ENIAC

❖ 1967 –Graphical User Interface for a handheld Calculator by Jeff

Raskin

❖ In 1970 Microprocessor chips first came to use, we saw floppy disk

introduced for storage of data

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❖ 1969-1971 Unix developed and released by Bell Laboratories

❖ 1973 Experimental PC was developed by Xerox PARC, it used a mouse and

had GUI

❖ 1975 Microsoft was started by Bill Gates and Paul Allen;

o First Microcomputer

❖ 1976 Apple 1 Computer –first computer to be sold in assembled form

❖1977 Apple 2 floppy disk introduced which led to development of many

software programs

❖1978 First Commercial spread sheet and Word processor for consumer

❖1980 DOS version obtained by Microsoft, became PC-DOS for IBM

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❖ 1981 Star Computer introduced by Xerox, with mouse operated icons,

buttons, and menus

❖IBM introduced Personal Computer in 1981 as well

❖1982 Portable Computers

❖1983 First version of Windows announced –released two years later

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❖ 1992 Linux Torvalds introduces Linux; Mac System 7.0

❖1993 Multimedia desktop computers PDF software

❖1995 Windows 95 released

❖1998 Windows 98

❖2000 Windows 2000

❖2001 Windows XP

❖2006/2007 Windows Vista OS

❖ 2008 Cloud Computing starts – server virtualisation

❖ 2009 Windows 7

❖ 2012 Windows 8

❖2015 Windows 10

❖2021 Windows 11
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❖2024 Windows 12?? - AI integration throughout the OS
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IT and Other Fields

➢ Explain the difference between IT and other related

disciplines

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Information Systems

❖ Capture and manage data to produce useful information that

supports an organisation, its employees, customers, suppliers, partners

Data

People Information
Technology

Processes
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❖ Can be classified in terms of the functions they serve in the

organisation:

❑ Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

- Captures and processes daily business transactions such as
orders, payments, reservations

❑ Management Information Systems (MIS)

- Use transaction data to produce information needed by
managers to run the business
- Provides for management oriented reporting based on
transaction processing and operations of the organization

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❑ Decision Support Systems (DSS)

- Help various decision makers identify and choose between
options or decisions

❑ Executive Information Systems (EIS)

- Tailored to the unique information needs of executives who plan
for the business and assess performance against those plans

❑ Expert Systems (ES)

- Capture and reproduce the knowledge of an expert and then
simulate the “thinking” of the expert

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❑ Communication and Collaboration Systems

- Enhance communication and collaboration between people, both
internally and externally
-e.g. video conferencing, cloud storage

❑ Office Automation Systems

- Help employees create and share documents that support day to
day office activities
- Includes electronic publishing, communication, image processing, as
well as office management systems

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Computer Science

▪ Theoretical field

o Primarily software-oriented

o Developing new algorithmic ways to solve a problem

o Emphasis on the mathematical basis which underlies

modern programming

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▪ Computer Science cont..

o Fundamentals of programming languages

o Information theory and algorithm theory (plus, linear and discrete

mathematics)

o How to design a software program, and how to run a successful

software development team

o Compiler and Operating system design and implementation

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Computer Engineering

▪ Brings together electronic engineering and computer science

▪ Design and assembly of hardware components e.g. processors,

integrated chips

▪ Low-level programming (usually the type of programming use to

create firmware)

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▪ Computer Engineering Cont..

o Digital hardware modeling e.g,VHDL,Verilog, System Verilog, System C

o Programmable Logic devices e.g. FPGA

o Microprocessors for embedded software design

o + Those in computer science e.g software development

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Information Technology
▪ Combination of computer technology (hw +sw) with
telecommunication technology (data, voice, networks)

▪ Building blocks of information systems

o Servers
o Operating systems
o Networking devices
o Software applications

▪ Existing hardware and software components to build a larger system

to solve a particular business function

▪ Maintenance of these components and the systems

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▪ IT tasks in CS:

o Maintenance of the CS labs

o Creating and managing users

o Maintenance of the CS network

o Installation and configuration of the printer network

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▪ When a new system is to be designed, IT technicians will determine:

o Different technologies to be used

o Proper hardware to be used

o Configuring the different components to work together

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Topics to be covered:
o The IT Professional
o Safe work procedures
o PC H/W
o Operating systems (Windows 10)
o Printers
o Computer networks
o Security
o Preventative maintenance and troubleshooting

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