QUESTION [JEE Mains-2024]

Let (x}denote the frotional part of xand f(x) = cos-1(1-(x) )sin-1(1-{x})

(x}-{x}3 imCo(-z*) dim
X#0. -Ct
IfLand Rrespectively denotes the left hand limit and the righehand limit - )
x +2
of f(x) atx= 0, then(' +R2) is equal to =-*]
dt
eoi(1-t) (1-1), 2’0

} eos(1-(a)waä(1-te))
|-cot

R: dim

CHALLENGER QUESTION
1
-[ BUILT IN LIMIT
tanx)
Lim(
X-0
+x where (.]&{} represents GIF &FPF Functions # Limits in Two Variables
tau
tauz - meN n9.
# Concept: "ne R"
dim 1 dim, (14*)"
#an= o, a>1 (al=1
tauz =1, q:l
tauna-) =0, 0sa<l |a|<1

--3

)
QUESTION QUESTION
wbere meR neN

Evaluate:f(r) = lim tanmr²+(x+1) "sinz ind limfx) Evaluate: f(x) = lim cosTtX - sin(x - 1) ind limf(x) )
n’o x2+(x+1)n n’0

2>1
(a4)" dim
dim

cin
dim -<*<1
dim, -ul-)
0
dim
1’0
141 tanry )
 CHALLENGER QUESTION 3
LIMIT OF RECURRENCE RELATIONS
Ifx,= V3 and x ,Vne N, then lim2"x, equal6 3.
1+1+x4
n’o

QUESTION 3 3
3.9
4+3an 21
If a, =1and an+= ,n21, and if a, has a limit Las n ’ o, thenevaluate
3+2an 2 9.2
B
lim a," a,
37
n’0

2
3 3.92
inovois, game
3Tt
2
tau 3,g
w3+2o

BUMPER QUESTION

Evaluate:

dirm 3
(i) i)
(H lim T)) (I)y
QIBY-)
Got,
QUESTION [JEE Mains-2020]
BASICS OF CONTINUITY
sin(a+2)x+sinx

Function f(×) is said to be continuous atx=a If f(x) = : x=0 is continuous atxo then a +2b is:
(z+3r2)"-/3
-Ifat (x=a): 4/3
L.H.L. = R.H.L. =f(a) = finite 1 = h a+3
A -1
lim f(r)=mr(*)=f(a) =finite din
B
aHRle
dt ) (a12) ce(at2)x+0)x
740 1
-2
dHL= (a12)+1 - ats
 QUESTION
UNDERSTANDING GRAPHICALLY
sinx-*-(x).{-x}
If L= Lim F.P.F.)then find the sum of
0 xcos x --xl.-xWhere ·}denotes
squares of LHL & RHL of L.
18Y.
X=a
Qns

R-1 R =1
fa)nd fa) 2 fa) no

discent dis. Cont dingnt dicont

QUESTION [JEEMains-2022] QUESTION [JEE Mains-2023] -(m]"a)

Let [t] denote the greatest integer st and {t} denote the fractional Theset of all values of a for which lim ([x5] - (2x +2) = 0,where [
part of t. Then integral value of a for which the left hand limit of the denotes the greater integer les_than or equal to, uis equcal to
function f(*) = [1+x]+ atx=0is equalto a-is (-7.5, -6.5)
2[x]+{x}
B (-7.5, -6.5]
dim
(oí-s -o3-*)
dim
1
c) -7.5, -6.5]
Gqrapht in
:(I-2x¢ ,o)) ehtin check
- e t)
=3 o -7.5, -6.5) - 0-1 zefoi) 2xels) 2-5
1- &
e4) >e[4,2)
-21-3
-2a-4 e 2) re 4)
CHALLENGER QUESTION

Evaluate: 3
-alar-o) -(sino)
) limcos² ((3 +n² + 2n -n)), where n is an integer
n’0

(i) limnsin
n (2rV1 +n²)(ne N)
(n=-1

ne-5,-65)
21
(Tat )
Lo
 hatral cONTINUITY IN INTERVAL

#Open interval x e(a, b)

’Function should be continuous at every value of xbetween x=a&x=b
# Closed interval xe[a, b]
r( bahst bda nad mo-) 1. Function must be continuousat every value of xbetweenx=a&x=b
dim
t’ot 2. Atx =a: Function Should be Right Continuous
"RHL =f(a) = finite"
3. Ax= b Function should be Left Continuous
Cottinued. "LHL = f(b) = finite"

GRAPHICAL QUESTION NOTE:

y= f(x) True/False: statement-01:y= tanz is continuous in "its domain".

7/2---4 -) f(r) is continuous over xE(a, b)
3
()e (0) f(x) is continuous over x ¬ (a,c) Statement-02: y =tanx is discontinuous at x=(2n +1).
&

1 - (iii) f) is discontinuous in x ¬ (4, c]

D-(iv) f() is continuousin x¬ [c, b]
X=b
X=a
X=C (D+() f(x) is continuousVx ¬(a,b) -{c}
Sablu
Sobli peiuba
RHL:a pemb
fo:2.

# Graph se baat ek dum Saaf! IMPORTANT INFORMATION

For the given graph answer following questions:

Polynomialfunctions Continuous for every real number
# Number of points of sinx, cosx, e, tan-x, cot-x, Ixl| Continuous for every realnumber
Discontinuity in [0,6] =) x].(x} ’Discontinuous at "every integer"
=0,,2,3,5 tanx, secx ’ Discontinuous at odd multiple of
20 dHL=| # Number of points of cotx, cosecx ’ Discontinuous at odd muitiple of r.
1
RHL=|
s4)=
Discontinuity in domain =(3) sgn(*) ’ Discontinuous at x = 0

not uidormo
2=0,,3
-2 3 4

fo) =2 dntdintdiocnt
dicmt

mp=1
 TYPESOF DISCONTINUITY TYPES OF DISCONTINUITY

II. Oscillatory Type:

When limit oscillates between two points
(dimit exàt krgi) GHL =3
RHL=3
DNE.

Aintniy dHL =RHL -fnite f(a)=nd Ex: lim sin() A1o) é ) ’ Osllatoy dimt
fla) =4
dHL=3
RHL =3
N-Ruable Ex:lim xsin()
r0

ump (dimit dount erit) )nit tec:

o=H-R
ditnt
asH 5
but nt equal Ex: lim
RHL:a X’4

fPe

QUESTION Paragraph for Question Nos. (A) and (B)

*'+2(x+1)2n sin-12f)
sin{cos} Letf(x) = lim (r+1)2n+l+r2ENand g(r) = tan
NH +ve

Lot g(2) =(ini x*Is it possible to make g(x) continuous

QUESTION [A]
by definingat x=?it yes then what value should be assigned. Iquad.
(where[.] &{} represents GIF &FPF). Ifx ¬(-2, 0) then range of g(x) is 4) = fa).= t o
uc8)
si(cex ) X>0
(°) -tau())= taue

exat 1 dHL RHU 32)1 ,-2<n<o fo)

=0
)
X:-2 e(,0)
te(oyie(:s)()

Paragraph for Question Nos. (A) and (B) CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION
x2+2(x+1)2n n’nt
Let f(x) = lim
" (+1)2n+i44jn¬N and g(*) = tan(;sin-' The value of lim (1 +)(1 +).(1+). where a, =l arnd
QUESTION [B] a,=n(1+a,-), Vn22, is L=n(+Qn-)
sin(&3)a( e Reeurance
lim/
r-32+4x43 is equal to Retatin Hoy Q,

A )) B
e(-o,-) dim
B
dim
-2 a-3)
g*) )
(-,0)
)-9 2e

3e
Cim
1/2 2

Non-existent
 CHALLENGER QUESTION

Evaluate:

(n) () limcos²((Vn +n' + 2n-n)), where nis an integer

n+0

(ti) limnsin (2r/1 +n²)(re N)

n’0
1

- Auin (2nn- 0)
dim
+
--(-uio)
din ?r) 2*
n’00

QUESTION [uT-JEE-1994) (rae copy a 9023 -Maiu )

SUSPICIOUS POINTS
(1+ |sin x)/sin x| L<x<0
6
Ifthe function f(x) = tan 2x
;X= 0 find 'a' and'b' iff(*) # Interval meintp infinite points hote hai, continuity kaha kaha check
etan 3a ;0<x<*6 kre???
is continuous at x= 0. Where definition of function changes
tau2x
dim
tau3
Cim 2 In case of :
0t 3x

[(:) J&{ f(%) vox ki valuesjahaf(x) integer bne.

i sgn(0) &If)]»vo 'x values jaha f(*) =0ho (jieabeut sinynchaug bo )
3. Where denominator becomes zero.

At end points of given interval or domain.

&upiuiua pou
xe (-2,3)
4a'5 0
dicont
Sx=0,11.
-=-8.

:0,tl,th, 3, a,5, A, 4A7,4? (-o-4(a-)<o

1-4at44<0
D.O. O. 5-4a<D
QUESTION [JEE Mains-2023]
ALGEBRA OF CONTINUITY
Let f(x) [-x+ |-x+ [xl| where xe Rand[t] dehotesthe greatest
integer less than or equal to t. then, f is C=continuous function
fo) =0. Z=0 D.C. = Discontinuous function
A continuous at x = 0, but not continuous
t =o
R-1:Sum of difference of two continuous functions Ct C, = tont
B continuous at x = O and x= 1
R-2: Product of twocontinuous function ’ C,x C, = ont bony
continuous at x 1, but not continuous at =0
Sf1) 0
notcontinuous at x=0and x = 1
R-3:Division of twocontinuous function > C1nt
C2
(where C,0)

:-|+1 =0

BUMPER QUESTION
ALGEBRA OF CONTINUITY
Discuss continuity of following functions at given points:
R-4: Sum & difference of a continuous & discontinuous functions 9 («) =coSx +{x}.vxeR dint at I

(c)+(D.c.) =Always Discontinuous eck kena podea! (i) g(x) =x-3|+ (5x?+2) +e-* vxeR
Ex.:f(«) =(-3)+ {x ’ disront at I.
Note Cont x d crnt
(iii) f(x) =x[x] at x=0 cont
at intee
dicmt
Cont
Cont
dscont
(iv) g(x)= |2- Ix-3|| +tan-'x -3|x²+x- 2| at x=-2,3,1 t
Gcont SCont. (ont discnt at * =0 y
R-5: Sum, difference, product &division of two discontinuous function
(Can't comment exactly before knowing function) () (x) =x&g(*) =|sin; 0, X=0
Cont

#check krna padega!!

ot

QUESTION [JEE Mains-202))Ceallenger t Graphieal CHECK UNDERSTANDING

sin(x-(x) x¬ (-2, -1)
x-[x]
Let f(*) = max{ 2x,3[|x|] }. x| <1 >at z=1, -1 >f)=1, where [el # Judge following statements as True/False:
1, otherwise
denotes greatestinteger s t. Then the number of points where f is not YH f(x) is integer at x = a, then f(r)] is discontinuousat x =a.
continuous is_(2)- (Y f f(x) is integer atx = a, then (f()j is discontinuous at r = a. ’ false
e(-2,-) t2
Ve
(#Y Number of points of discontinuity of y |3cos x], in the intervalx e [0,2r] is 3.’fke.
(iv) f(x) &g(r) both are discontinuous atx = a, then f(r) g) is alsotr
discontinuous at x = a . - foe

3
+2 Sin 1 1

1 rdHL 0 RHL= 0
2(2) t2 dHL=07 nt-at a=0
 <0

2 1

2K
at =)
dsc¡nt

2
NPOD 12) (ont

CHECK UNDERSTANDING

# Judge following statements as True/False: fa) aasng minima

at =a Hu
If f(r) is continuousat x = a and g(r) is discontinuous at x= a, then f(r) t g(r)
may or may not be discontinuous. ’false
If f(x) is continuous at x= awith f(a) = 0 and g(x) is discontinuousat x = a
with finite LHL &RHL at x = aalsO g(a) is defined, then f(x) g(r) is continuous GI 2
at x= a.
HL = O at =a’ g«)
fla) =o Hinima

at x=a

QUESTION [JEE Mains-2021) CHALLENGER QUESTION

n
(a(1-xsinx) +ßcosx +5 x<0
r2
lim 1+ is equal to:
n2
(" Let f(x) =
3
1/x
X=O f() is continuous at x=0,

i/2
Ki
+.
|(1+()
then find the value of ( pae") <)
x>0

dim d(I- sinx) + pcoa t5

D /e
7’0t
"4)
 An n(n)
QUESTION 4 # NoTE: Gi

Suppose that circleof equal diameter are packed tightly in n rows

inside an equilatergltriangle. (The figure illustrates the case n = 4). Ifo
Ais the area of the triangle and A, is the totalarea occupied by the (wlere n*p are natural no's)
circles in n rows, then lim " equals. Nmbers o paab of dhcant = Qp-t.

V3
nV3
6 a(m-i)r n-cides
-

2V3 ont

6 (oot

Gie

(wlert npare qatral no'3) (wlere np are qaarol mo's)

Nmbers o pount o dücnt 4p-1

;2K

QUESTION [JEE Mains-2023]

cONTINUITYOF COMPOSITEFUNCTION R
Let ae Zand [t] be the greatest integerst. Thenthe number of point,
where the function f(x)= [a +13 sinx], xe (0, ) is not continuous, is
For composite function f(g (x))
Atx = a; ifg(x) is continuous at x = a&f(x) is continuous at x = g(a)
then f(g (*))is continuous at x = a.
chat| For all possible combinations :
#Continuous inside continuous
#Continuous inside discontinuous Check
#Discontinuousinside continuous kena podega!!
#Discontinuous inside discontinuous
 ex Nore:

)--1 .c

adaycnt () 4 f) ia distent at n=e, p,Y

360)) gn(-) at =1 dicent

QUESTION [JEE Mains-2022) Good Queion QUESTION [JEE Mains-2022] CAallenger, R

2x-3 ,x<0where Let f.g: R ’ Rbe functions defined by
Let f(x) = [2x² +1] and g(r) = |2x +3, x>0
1-x ,x>0
x<Oand a(x) =. e* ,X<0 where [x] denote the
l(x-1)²-1 ,x20
[t]is the greatest integer s t. Then, in the open interval (-1,1), the number
of points where fog is discontinuous is equal to greatest integer less than or equal to x. Then, the function fog is
discontinuous at exactly
A One point
B Two points
c) Three points
D
Four points

SPECIAL FUNCTION

#Dirichlet's Function
= -
continu # Function separately defined for Rational (@) &Irrational (0) numbers.
# These function are only continuous at that values of 'x' for which both
definition becomes equal.
ony cornt at
Ex ) =1-x, xeQ
=x,
Cgnt at)
Ex x) =x*,
=1,
32tl=9 ducontinwgus
RML-f()*
dHL):t
Cmt 1=2
Ey. f() =-x-1, XeQ
=x,
QUESTION [JEE Mains-2022] QUESTION

lim cos(2nx)-rsin(r-1)
The function f: R’R defined by fr) = n00 ; Let f(x) = V+kx+l The interval(s) of allpossible values ofk for
1+x2n+1-y2n x2-k
continuous for all x in: (Where n e N) which f is continuous for every xeR, is
A R-{-1) Ans. B A (-, -2] Ans. B

B R-{-1,1} B [-2,0)
R-{1} C) R-(-2, 2)
D R- {0} D (-2,2)

QUESTION [JEE Mains-2020] QUESTION

Let f(x) =x,for-10 < x< 10, where [t] denotes the greatestinteger lim (Vn² +n+1-|Vn² +n+1)(ne)(where [.] denotes the greatest
function. Then the number of points of discontinuity of f is equal to integer function)
Aeaie Ques
Di8r-() B /2
c) 2/3
D /4