ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The ATI-RTC 8 wishes to recognize the following individual who were consulted and contributed to the making of
the module on organic agriculture production technologies.

Module Developers and Content Contributors

1. Alex B. Aborita Owner Jaro, Leyte Villaconzoillo Farm
2. Dennis O. Amparo Technical Staff Sogod, Southern Bendicar Agri-Eco Tourism Farm
Leyte
3. Orpha May S. Technical Staff Sogod, Southern Bendicar Agri-Eco Tourism Farm
Gerona Leyte
4. Jose L. Castillejos, Owner Tacloban City Pitahaya Farm
Jr.

Subject Matter Specialists

Franklyn L. Diongzon
Dr. Vilma M. Patindol
Dalmacio L. Pajanustan

Language Editor
Melinda P. Petalcorin

Lay-out Artist
Benjamin B. Lagaday

Overall In-charge on OA Module Development

Graciel V. Gacutan

Overall Supervision
Dr. Carlos De La Cruz
Jayson Fabillar
Center Director Hazel Grace T. Taganas
Regional Executive Director Angel I. Enriquez

Page 2 of 45
MODULE OVERVIEW:

The use of various concoctions and extracts is the heart of natural farming techniques. It is the
replacement of chemical based fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, repellants, chemical based growth
enhancers, and other synthetic food ingredients for animals, plants and even humans. The process is
done through fermentation where the potency is being enhanced through the participation of
beneficial micro-organisms.

It is now the proper time to look back at the long cherished natural farming technologies which fed our
forefathers with healthy foods while embracing and respecting the bounties and beauties of nature.
Before, mankind used to sanctify nature for it was the source of life. Contemporarily nature has been
raped and abused by greedy individuals.

MODULE OBJECTIVE

After this module, the participants shall be able to produce organic concoctions and extracts.

COURSE DURATION

This course will take 11 ½ hours.

MODULE COVERAGE:

Lesson 1. Natural Farming

A. History of Natural Farming
B. Principles of Natural Farming
C. PNS on Organic Soil Amendments
1. Definition of Terms
2. Product Description
3. Minimum Requirements
4. Specifications for Organic Fertilizer and Compost/ Soil Conditioner
5. Laboratory Sampling Methods
6. List of Permitted Raw Materials for the Production of Organic Soil Amendments

Lesson 2: Role of Concoctions and Extracts in Organic Farming

A. Living Soil
B. Soil Amendments
C. Uses of Concoction in the different stages of plants
D. Uses of Concoction in the livestock
E. Use of Concoction as a natural hastener of decomposition

Lesson 3: Process Concoction and Extracts

A. Basic tools, equipment and raw materials used in the preparation of concoctions
B. Basic Concoctions and Extracts known in the Philippines
C. New Concoctions and Extracts made by Filipino Farmers
D. Process of Making Concoction and Extracts
E. Package Concoction and Extracts
a. Importance of Labeling

Page 3 of 45
b. Sanitizing work and storage areas
c. Packages concoctions
d. Recording of Bottled Concoctions
e. Importance of proper storage
i. Shelf life
ii. Effects of storage temperature to concoctions

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 MODULE DELIVERY PLAN

Module Objective: After attending this module, the participants shall be able to produce organic concoctions and extracts.

Lesson Objective Topic / Sub-Topics Time Strategy/Method Instructional Material Expected Output
Allocation Technique (tangible)
Participants shall Lesson 1. Natural Farming 1.5 hour Lecture, PPT
be able to explain A. History of Natural Farming Participatory
the concept of B. Principles of Natural Farming Approach
Natural Farming C. PNS on Organic Soil Amendments
and the PNS on
1. Definition of Terms
Organic Soil
Amendments 2. Product Description
3. Minimum Requirements
4. Laboratory Sampling
Methods
5. List of Permitted Raw
Materials for the
Production of Organic
Soil Amendments

Participants shall Lesson 2: Role of Concoctions and 2 hr Lecture PPT

be able to identify Extracts in Organic Farming Participatory
the role of A. Living Soil approach
concoction and B. Soil Amendments
extracts in organic C. Uses of Concoction in the
farming different stages of plants
D. Uses of Concoction in the
livestock
E. Use of Concoction as a
natural hastener of
decomposition

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Lesson Objective Topic / Sub-Topics Time Strategy/Method Instructional Material Expected Output
Allocation Technique (tangible)
Participants shall Lesson 3: Process Concoction and 8 hrs Lecture PPT, PPE, knife, scissors, Concoctions like:
be able to prepare Extracts Demonstration chopping board, FPJ
organic A. Basic tools, equipment and raw Participatory pales/plastic containers, FFJ
concoction and materials used in the preparation approach weighing scale, stones, FAA
extracts of concoctions net, manila paper, rubber KAA
B. Basic Concoctions and Extracts band, pentel pen, masking IMO
known in the Philippines tape, muscovado LABS
C. New Concoctions and Extracts sugar/molasses, kangkong, OHN
made by Filipino Farmers camote tops, malunggay, Natural Calcium
D. Process of Making Concoction ripe banana and papaya, Calphos
and Extracts fish, kuhol fried eggshell, Seaweeds Extract
E. Package Concoction and Extracts burnt animal bones, MSS1
a. Importance of Labeling coconut vinegar, fresh milk, MSS2
b. Sanitizing concoctions rice wash (fermented for 3 Maricom
c. Packages concoctions days) ginger, garlic, chilli, Fermented Herbal
panayawan, seaweeds, Extract
d. Recording of Bottled
malungay, aloe vera, herbs
Concoctions
e. Importance of proper
storage
i. Shelf life
ii. Effects of storage
temperature to
concoctions

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 Lesson 1:
Natural Farming
This lesson tackles the history of natural farming, its principles, and how it evolved and inspired Filipino
farmers nowadays. The Philippine National Standard on soil amendment is also discussed in this lesson.

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the participants shall be able to explain and discuss the concept of Natural farming and the
PNS on Organic Soil Amendments. Specifically, the participants should be able to:

1. explain what is natural farming and how it started;

2. discuss the principles of natural farming; and
3. discuss the different PNS on Organic Soil Amendments

Time Allotment : 1.5 hour

Methodologies : Lecture, Participatory Approach
Tools to use : LCD, Projector

Lesson Opener
Title : 2 Word Game
Time Allotment : 15 min.
Material Needed : marking pen, tape and manila paper
Procedure : each group will think of two (2) words that will best describe the word of the day;
write as many as you can, the word is “NATURAL FARMING”
Processing:
Ask the participants with the following:
1. What do you think of the activity?
2. Who’s group wrote more than five?
3. What was the biggest challenge in for this exercise?
4. What are your insights from the activity?

Key Concept:

The purpose of this activity is to gather ideas about natural farming and also to measure if the knowledge
of the participants about the topic.

Connecting/Transition Statement:

Know that we already have ideas about natural farming. We now go into the history of natural farming who
discovered it and known as the father of natural farming, its principles and its relationship to organic
farming.

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 Lesson Proper
Natural farming is a sustainable farming; it was also called as ecological farming or organic farming. This
farming practice implies not to use chemicals in plants and animals, for chemicals could give harm to
humans and the environment. This process of farming allows the farmer to become environment friendly
and save money from not buying expensive chemicals for the plant & animals. This farming system was
very known for it teaches the farmers to make what they need, using natural materials need found in the
community/farm.

A. History of Natural Farming

Mokichi Okada
The first to encourage a return to natural agriculture in Japan in 1936 Mokichi
Okada introduced the “no fertilizer farming” or “Nature farming”. Okada
believed that chemical fertilizers or inputs in farming have a bad effect to
health, nature such as it pollutes water source and soil, causing it to weaken its
power of production.

In the 1970’s Dr. Teruo Higa, after the death of Okada use microbes in his
study using the theory of Okada. He believed that micro-organism could
be used for dealing with pollution and increase agricultural yield. As his
studies went by, it finally demonstrated the ability of natural farming to
produce yields equivalent and greater than conventional agriculture,
while not causing damage to the soil and water downstream

Masanobu Fukuoka (1913–2008)

­ Masanobu Fukuoka is a Japanese farmer and philosopher
­ He was a proponent of the no-till, no-herbicide grain cultivation
farming methods traditional to many indigenous cultures, from
which he created a particular method of farming, commonly referred
to as "natural farming" or "do-nothing farming".
­ Natural farming is related to fertility farming, organic farming,
sustainable agriculture, agroecology, agroforestry, ecoagriculture
and permaculture, but should be distinguished from biodynamic
agriculture.
­ The system works along with the natural biodiversity of each farmed
area, encouraging the complexity of living organisms both plant and
animal that shape each particular ecosystem to thrive along with
food plants.

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 Cho Han-Kyu was a Korean who studied natural farming in Japan. After his studies he
returned to Korea and applied all he learned and started to introduce the Korean
Natural Farming by utilizing the farm and kitchen waste by inhabiting good micro-
organism in it to enhance soil organic matter decomposition and to have additional
nutrition to plants and animals. He was known for his work and a pioneer in making
fermented foliar nutrient source for both plants and animals such as IMO, FPJ, LABS
and etc. He is known as the modern natural farming practitioner.

In the 1991, JADAM (meaning "People that resemble nature") was founded
by Cho Youngsang, to continue his father's work with the mission of giving
farming back to farmers. They have pioneered ultra-low cost agriculture
that meets the organic standards.

B. Principles of Natural Farming

The five principles of natural farming are:

• No till farming – plowing the soil alters the natural environment of the soil and promotes the
development of weeds.
• No weeding by tillage or herbicides – weeds not eliminated however, can be suppressed by
spreading straw over freshly sown land and growing ground cover.
• No chemical fertilizers – this is because adding chemical fertilizers help in the development of
the plant but not of the soil, which continuous to deteriorate.
• No dependence on chemical pesticides – natures have balancing act prevents any one species
from gaining the upper hand.

C. PNS on Organic Soil Amendments

1. Definition of Terms

For the purpose of this Standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1 Raw materials – naturally occurring materials used in the production of organic fertilizer
products. Raw materials that were mined or naturally extracted should comply with
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) regulations.
3.2 Pathogens – organisms (microorganisms and infective parasites) that can cause negative effects
on human health
3.3 Label – a display of the written, printed or graphic information on the immediate container of
any product. Information on the label provides the sellers and the buyers with the
safe and effective use of the product for which it is registered.
Label must be of such design and material that does not deteriorate easily, become
illegible or get separated from the container under the rigors of transport, storage
and use. It should withstand extreme weather conditions.

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 3.4 Batch - organic fertilizer/soil amendment/compost/ that is produced from the same type of
organic materials, at the same time and location, by the same
manufacturer/producer, or made during the same cycle or period of manufacture.
3.5 Sample Size - number of samples drawn from each batch of organic fertilizers/organic
amendments/compost to be analyzed.

3.6 Synthetic - a substance that is formulated or manufactured by a chemical process or by a

process that chemically changes a substance extracted from naturally occurring
plant, animal, or mineral sources, except for those substances created by
naturally occurring biological processes.

2. Product Description
4.1 Organic Fertilizer - any product in solid or liquid form, of plant (except by-products from
petroleum industries) or animal origin that has undergone substantial
decomposition that can supply available nutrients to plants with a total
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) of five to seven percent (5-
10%). This may be enriched by microbial inoculants and naturally occurring
minerals but no chemical or inorganic fertilizer material has been added to
the finished product to affect the nutrient content.

4.2 Compost / Soil Conditioner - any product in solid or liquid form, of plant (except by-products
from petroleum industries) or animal origin that has undergone substantial
decomposition that can supply available nutrients to plants with a total
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) of 2.5 to less than five
percent (2.5-5%). This may be enriched by microbial inoculants and
naturally occurring minerals but no chemical or inorganic fertilizer material
has been added to the finished product to affect the nutrient content.
Compost and soil conditioner are used interchangeably in this Standard.

4.3 Microbial Inoculant - biologically active products containing optimum population of one or a
combination of active strains of bacteria, actinomycetes, algae and fungi
that are useful in different biological activities, such as but not limited
to: N2- fixation, decomposition of organic residues and enhancement of
nutrient availability.

4.4 Organic Plant Growth Regulator / Promoter - any compound of organic origin, in liquid or solid
form, which in low concentration promotes or modifies physiological
process in plants.

4.5 Organic Plant Supplement - any compound of organic origin in liquid or solid form which in low
concentration promotes or modifies physiological processes in plants. Total
NPK is not lower than 0.5% and not more than 2.5% (0.5-2.5%) and may
contain beneficial microorganisms, micronutrients and plant growth
regulators. These plant supplements include, but are not limited to: FPJ
(Fermented Plant Juice), FFJ (Fermented Fruit Juice), FAA (Fish Amino
Acid), FE (Fish Emulsion), Seaweed Extracts, Vermi Tea, Compost Tea and
the like.

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3. Minimum Requirements

5.1 For products with microbial inoculants- The Genus should be verifiable and be stated in the
label.
5.2 For plant growth regulator or organic plant food supplement products such as humin,
seaweed extract, fermented products (Fermented Plant Juices, Fermented Fruit Juices), blood
meal, bone meal, any claim should be verifiable, while products with at least 3% total
(soluble) N will be subjected to other confirmatory test.
5.4 Absence of foreign materials - Plastics, aluminum, wrappers, stones, and other materials must be
totally removed from the product.

4. Specifications for Organic Fertilizer and Concoction/ Soil Conditioner

Properties Organic Fertilizer Compost/ Soil Conditioner

Total N-P2O5-K2O 5 – 10% 2.5 – <5%
C:N 10:1 – 20:1 10:1 – 20:1
Organic Matter > 20% > 20%
Actual Moisture Content 10 – 35%* 10 – 35%
Color Brown to black Brown to black
Consistency Friable Friable
Odor No foul odor No foul odor

5. Allowable level of Pathogens for Solid and Liquid Organic Fertilizers, Compost/ Solid Conditioner,
and Organic Plant Supplements

Pathogens Allowable Level

Fecal Streptococci <5 x 102 cfu/g
Total coliforms <5 x 102 cfu/g
Salmonella Absent in 25 g

6. Minimum Requirement for Organic Plant Supplements

Main ingredient Total N-P2O5-K2O Other Requirements

Animal origin (bone meal, Products that contain high concentrations of
5-10%
blood meal) nitrogen should also include P2O5 and K2O.
Fish Amino Acid (FAA), All claims for contents of macro and
0.5-<5%
Fish Emulsion (FE) micronutrients, microorganisms, and

Page 11 of 45
 Plant based [Fermented plant growth hormones should be
Plant Juice (FPJ), verifiable.
0.5-<5%
Fermented Fruit Juice
(FFJ)] Heavy metal content should be within
Seaweed extracts 0.5-<5% allowable levels as stated in Table 5.4 of
Vermi-tea, compost tea 0.5-<5% this PNS.
Humin and humic acids 0.5-<5%
Wood vinegar 0.5-2.5%
Biochar 0.5-2.5%

Lesson Ender

Title : Pa butha ko (Pop me)

Time Allotment : 2min.
Materials Needed : Balloon, paper, pen
Procedure : A re-cap questions was put inside the balloons. The balloons will be pass to each
participants some balloons were empty while others do have questions, whoever
pop the balloon with question inside will answer the question. For some twist, it
can also be written in the paper who will answer the question (ex. 3rd person on
your right)

Key Concept: The purpose of this activity is to have a recap on what we have learned from the topics or
lessons we have talked about.

Connecting/Transition Statement: Now we already know what is natural farming, it’s history and principles
including the PNS on organic. We can go deeper on the technologies and practices in organic
agriculture in the next lesson.

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 Summary of the Lesson
SUMMARY OF THE LESSON
1. Natural farming (NF) or “do nothing farming” was first been known in Japan.

2. Known practitioners of the NF are the following:

a. Mokichi Okada – 1st Japanese practitioner
b. Dr. Teruo Higa – formulated EM-1 or Bokasi using microbes
c. Masanobu Fukuoka – promotes no till farming
d. Cho Han-Kyu – a Korean that introduce IMO
e. Cho Youngsang – introduce JADAM

3. Principles of Natural Farming

a. No till farming
b. No weeding by tillage/ herbicides – instead they practice mulching to prevent weed
growth.
c. No chemical fertilizer- the use of animal manure & other fermented liquid fertilizers such
as Fish Amino Acid (FAA), Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ), Indigenous Micro-Organism (IMO)
and etc.
d. No chemical pesticides- instead they use pest natural enemies to control them or by
biological means or by making natural pesticides.

4. PNS on Soil Amendments

It is the national standards for soil amendments; it follows the standards and requirements in
making a fertilizer whether it will be in solid/liquid form or a soil conditioner. This protocol was
standardized and must be followed especially if you’re planning to have its third party
accreditation.

It states that all materials used in making or producing organic fertilizers must be natural and are
free from chemicals.

Self-Assessment Question

Directions: Read each statement carefully and assess whether it is TRUE or FALSE. Write T on the space
provided for if the statement is true and F if false.

______ 1. Natural farming was started to be known in Japan.

______ 2. The modern natural farming technology was well known in Korea.
______ 3.The use of chemicals in natural farming was allowed.
______ 4. Natural farming and Organic farming have the same principles like no herbicides,
pesticides or any chemicals in plants.

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 Self-Assessment Question
Answer Key

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write T on the space provided for if the statement is correct and
F if the statement is False.

T 1. Natural farming was started to be known in Japan.

T 2.The modern natural farming technology was well known in Korea.

F 3.The use of chemicals in natural farming was allowed.

T 4. Natural farming and Organic farming have the same principles like no herbicides,

pesticides or any chemicals in plants.

References

• https://florsgarden.com/2018/01/01/natural-farming-philosophy/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_farming
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masanobu_Fukuoka
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_natural_farming
• https://cascadiannaturalfarming.org/natural-farming-history
• PNS on Organic Soil Amendments PowerPoint Presentation

Page 14 of 45
 Lesson 2:
Role of Concoctions and Extracts in Organic Farming

This lesson explains the use and function of various concoctions in improving plant and animal nutrition
and soil fertility.

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the participants shall be able to identify the role of concoction and extracts in
organic farming. Specifically, the participants should be able to:

1. describe the living soil;

2. explain the soil amendments;
3. identify the uses of concoction in the different stages of plants;
4. enumerate uses of concoction in livestock/poultry; and
5. discuss the uses of concoction in as natural hastener of decomposition.

Time Allotment : 2 Hours

Methodologies : Lecture, Participatory approach
Tools to use : PPT, Bond Paper,

Lesson Opener
Title : The Crack Pot
Time Allotment : 15 minutes
Material Needed : Powerpoint
Procedure : Read the story using the powerpoint

Processing:
Ask the participants with the following:
1. What do you think of the activity?
2. How do you feel while reading the story?
3. What are your insights from the activity?

Key Concept:
Each of us has our own unique flaws. We are all a cracked pots. In this world, nothing goes to waste. You
may think like the cracked pot that you are inefficient or useless in certain areas of your life, but somehow
these flaws can turn out to be a blessing in disguise.”

Connecting/Transition Statement:
Just like in farming, concoctions have different roles to help farmers improve the productivity. Let’s dig
down to know more on their roles and functions.

Page 15 of 45
 Lesson Proper
A. Living Soils: The Role of Microorganisms in Soil Health

Soil is essential for the maintenance of biodiversity above and below ground. The wealth of biodiversity
below ground is vast and unappreciated: millions of microorganisms live and reproduce in a few grams
of topsoil, an ecosystem essential for life on earth.

Microorganisms are not only directly influenced by fundamental soil characteristics such as moisture,
oxygen and chemistry but also by each other in both beneficial and predatory ways.

By becoming holistically aware of the fundamental importance of soil organisms and then developing
and understand how biological processes in soil are influenced by changes in the soil environment, we
can learn how to manage soil in a way that enhances the benefits provided by soil organisms.

What Is Soil Fertility?

Soil fertility, or its capacity to enrich natural and agricultural plants, is dependent upon three interacting
and mutually dependent components:
a. physical fertility - refers to the physical properties of the soil, including its structure, texture
and water absorption and holding capacity, and root penetration
b. chemical fertility - involves nutrient levels and the presence of chemical conditions such as
acidity, alkalinity and salinity that may be harmful or toxic to the plant
c. biological fertility - refers to the organisms that live in the soil and interact with the other
components

These organisms live on soil, organic matter or other soil organisms and perform many vital processes
in the soil. Some of them perform critical functions in the nutrient and carbon cycles. Very few soil
organisms are pests.

Of the three fertility components, it is the microbiological element, the rich diversity of organisms such
as bacteria, viruses, fungi and algae that form interactive microbial communities, that are the most
complex and, unexpectedly, the least well-understood.

Let’s dig down!!!

a. Soil microbiology is the study of organisms in soil, their functions and how they affect soil
properties.
b. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, protozoa and
viruses. Each of these groups has different characteristics that define the organisms and
different functions in the soil it lives in.

Did you know that organisms do not exist in isolation? Yes, they are one of the most friendliest creature
in the earth. They interact and these interactions influence soil fertility as much or more than the
organism’s individual activities.

Page 16 of 45
Role and Functions of Soil Microorganisms

Collectively, soil microorganisms play an essential role in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients
and fertilizing the soil. Without the cycling of elements, the continuation of life on Earth would be
impossible, since essential nutrients would rapidly be taken up by organisms and locked in a form that
cannot be used by others. The reactions involved in elemental cycling are often chemical in nature, but
biochemical reactions, those facilitated by organisms, also play an important part in the cycling of
elements. Soil microbes are of prime importance in this process.

Soil microbes are also important for the development of healthy soil
structure. Soil microbes produce lots of gummy substances
(polysaccharides and mucilage, for example) that help to cement soil
aggregates. This cement makes aggregates less likely to crumble when
exposed to water.

Think your town is crowded? There are more living organisms in a gram
of soil than there are people on earth. It’s a part of a vast under-foot
ecosystem with a big job. The soil food web provides the amazing service
of recycling nature’s trash into soil treasure. It holds promise as the
source for natural sustainable plant nutrition.

The fungi can be thought of as the “threads” of the soil fabric. It must be
stressed that microbes generally exert little influence on changing the
actual physical structure of the soil; that is performed by larger
organisms.

The Role of Concoction in the Living Soil

In the past lesson, we discussed the history of Natural Farming and some of the practitioners
introduced the use of beneficial or indigenous microorganisms.

Natural farming with Indigenous Microorganisms has been practiced for forty years and has spread to
over thirty countries including the Philippines.

Culturing and applying indigenous microorganisms (IMO) in our garden is an effective way to super-
charge the soil microbiome. It helps increased microbial population to improve yields and to promote
healthier soils.

We can see that healthy soils contain enormous numbers of

microbes and substantial quantities of microbial biomass.
Healthy soils are also porous, which allows air and water to
move freely through them. This balance ensures a suitable
habitat for soil organisms that support growing plants

Page 17 of 45
B. Soil Amendments

Farmers often complain about having unworkable clay soil or sandy

soil in which nothing will grow. We tend to think that our problem is
totally unique compared to all of those “lucky” farmers who naturally
have perfect soil!

Truth is, the majority of farmers have challenging soils that require
improvement for cultivation. Especially those farmers that are heavy
user of inorganic fertilizers.

Ideal garden soil will bring these two spectrums into balance. Loamy soil balances clay, sand, and
organic matter. Organic soil amendments can help us do this.

Improving Soil Using Soil Amendments

Organic soil amendments can increase beneficial soil organisms, organic matter, and improve moisture
retention. Sources of organic soil amendments may come from the following:

1. Animal-Based Amendment (Guano, Manure, Vermicast)

2. Mineral-Based Amendment (Greensand)
3. Plant-Based Amendment (Concoctions and Extracts, Compost, Cover Crops)

In the recent Philippine National Standard (PNS) for Organic Soil Amendments (PNS/BAFS 40:2016),
organic plant supplements is defined as any compound of organic origin in liquid or solid form which
in low concentration promotes or modifies physiological processes in plants. Total NPK is not lower
than 0.5% and not more than 2.5% (0.5-2.5%) and may contain beneficial microorganisms,
micronutrients and plant growth regulators.

These plant supplements include, but are not limited to: FPJ (Fermented Plant Juice), FFJ (Fermented
Fruit Juice), FAA (Fish Amino Acid), FE (Fish Emulsion), Seaweed Extracts, Vermi Tea, Compost Tea
and the like.

The plant supplements are well known as liquid concoctions and extracts from plant and fruit juice
including some animal by-products like fish emulsion and/or bone meal. There are several local sources
of plant supplements and they are converted into useful amendments through the fermentation
process. The purpose of fermentation is to breakdown the tissues into smaller components and convert
it into readily available nutrients for the plants. All these were done through the work of microbes.

Fermented Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO), Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Lactic Acid Bacteria
Serum (LABS) are belonged to Microbial Inoculant. In the PNS, it is defined as biologically active
products containing optimum population of one or a combination of active strains of bacteria,
actinomycetes, algae and fungi that are useful in different biological activities, such as but not limited
to: N2- fixation, decomposition of organic residues and enhancement of nutrient availability.

More farmers are now producing different liquid extracts, and some are combining it to other

Page 18 of 45
 By producing liquid concoctions and extracts, farmers have an available source of additional nutrients
to regenerate the soil and also a source of vitamins for plants and animals.

C. Uses of Concoctions in the different stages of Plants

Stage 1: Seed Sowing

a. As seed treatment before sowing
• Indigenous Microorganisms
• Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum
• Fermented Plant Juice
Soaking of seeds in any of the above-mentioned concoction is done to facilitate germination
and as a start-up solution to germinating seeds.
b. Introduction of microorganisms during preparation of seed potting media
• Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO)
• Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)
More microbes makes the soil better. Spraying of IMO/LABS in the mixed seed potting medium
instead of pure water only will help increase microorganisms that will work to improve the soil.
c. Aide in the growth of plant
• Fermented Plant Juice (IMO)
Fermented Plant Juice made from actively growing plant parts and fast growing plants may
contain natural growth hormones and mineralized nitrogen that promotes plant growth.

Stage 2: Transplanting
a. Introduction of microorganisms during preparation of plot or soil potting medium
• IMO / LABS
b. Aide in the growth of plant
• FPJ
c. Source of Nitrogen
• FAA
d. Source of Calcium
• Calcium Phosphate / Indigenous Calcium

Before transplanting of seedlings, spray IMO/LABS to the plot or soil potting medium. Again, the
purpose is to increase the number of microbes that will work in soil conditioning and helps convert
the nutrients of organic fertilizers readily available for the plants.

Spraying FPJ to the plants will help fasten the growing of plants. FAA is rich with nitrogen. It is good
fertilizer for applying both to soil and foliage since it enhances the growth of crops during their
vegetative growth period when used with other Natural Farming Materials. For leafy vegetable, it
is possible to use FAA continuously to increase yield and improve taste and fragrance. Further,
calcium phosphate or indigenous calcium is sprayed to strengthen its stems.

Stage 3. Growing
a. Aide in the growth of plant
• FPJ
b. Source of Nitrogen
• Fish Amino Acid (FAA)

Page 19 of 45
 c. Source of Calcium
• Calcium Phosphate (CalPhos) / Indigenous Calcium (IC)
d. Natural Insect Repellants
• Oriental Herbal Nutrients (OHN)
e. Enhancing the taste of the plant
• Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)

OHN is made from plants with fungicidal and pesticidal properties. In natural farming it is used as
natural insect repellant.

Stage 4. Reproductive Growth/Fruiting Stage

a. Source of foliar fertilizer
• FFJ / IC
b. Source of Calcium
• IC

The FFJ fermented extract is applied to the plants to promote flowering and fruit setting. It can also be
used as soil microorganism activity accelerator. The carbohydrates and sugar content of Fermented
Fruit Juice serve as source of energy of soil microorganism, thereby, accelerating their activity.
Increased microbial activities result to the availability of nutrients for plant’s uptake.

Fermented eggshell or indigenous calcium is used when flower buds are discolored, fruits are too soft,
or flower blossoms begin to fall.

D. Uses of Concoction in Livestock/Poultry

In the country, organic farmers use the different liquid concoctions and extracts for livestock as their
source of vitamins. It can be mix both in feed formulation and in the animals’ drinking water. Listed
below are the extracts and their uses:

1. LABS – as prebiotic in poultry and livestock production. The target of LABS is digestive system
2. OHN 1st Process – as vitamins and it helps protects the animals from respiratory diseases
3. FPJ – aide in the growth and weight of animal
4. FFJ – can help in enhancing the taste of the meat
5. KAA/FAA – source of protein. This is highly recommended in the mixing of feeds both for
poultry and hogs
6. IMO – it is use in the beddings as natural deodorizer
7. Calphos – source of calcium especially for pregnant animals

In Maribojoc, Bohol, farmers use aloevera and malunggay as materials for concoction, and mixed it
with other known concoctions. While in Merida, Leyte, Mr. Ali Pugosa tried to extract herbs and also
mixed it with other extracts.

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E. Uses of Concoction (IMO) as natural hastener of decomposition

Agricultural production produces abundant plant waste that is mostly utilized due to high content of
cellulose which is slow to decompose by naturally occurring microorganism. Most of these agricultural
wastes are burned in the field resulting to environmental pollution and causing respiratory diseases.

Crop residues are potential materials which can be used for compositing. Compositing is an age long
process by which organic matter is decomposed through the action of microorganism. Among these
microbes are; bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. High organic matter content of
compost and biological activity makes it effective in a variety of applications, such as soil erosion control,
bio-filtration, bioremediation, improving soil structure, moisture retention, and as bio-fertilize.

Composting is a viable means of transforming various organic wastes into products that can be used
safely and beneficially as bio-fertilizers and soil conditioners. Problems associated with the use of raw
and unstable organic wastes as soil amendments can be resolved through composting, such as malodors,
human pathogens, and undesirable chemical and physical properties. During composting, organic wastes
are decomposed; plant nutrients are mineralized into forms available to plants, pathogens are destroyed,
and malodors are abated. Although, decomposition of organic matter occurs naturally, it can be
accelerated by human intervention.

Indigenous Micro Organisms (IMO) are naturally occurring microbes that has adapted to the
environmental condition where they are found and as such, are capable of accelerating rapid
decomposition of organic materials found in the same location. Singh and Sharma (2003), inoculated
various kinds of wastes (mixed solid waste, municipal solid waste and horticultural waste) with different
micro-flora. Acceleration of decomposition of crop residues high in lignin with the application of IMO has
been reported. Microbial inoculation in relation to waste decomposition for agricultural production
offers the advantage of releasing essential compounds stored in plants and animal waste to a stable state
that can be used again for plant growth. As reported, microbial inoculants are vital component in the
agro-ecosystems as they play an important role in reducing indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and
offers farmers an attractive economically acceptably substitute for improving soil properties. Microbial
inoculant produces metabolites that facilitate decomposition of organic waste and increase humus
quality.

When complex organic materials such as, plants, animal excrements, and organic fertilizers enter the soil,
IMO break these down into simpler compounds or elements that can undergo ionic interactions.
Compost residues impart more benefits than fertilization of crops. Compost improves soil structure and
tilth, lower bulk densities of agricultural waste, by increasing permeability and porosity. It also creates a
favorable environment for microorganisms to produce substances that aids in binding soil particles
together. Composting of organic matter before incorporation into the soil is more beneficial than direct
application. It helps in stabilizing nitrogen and make is less capable of leaching and reduces odor that is
usually produce in decaying organic matter.

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 Summary of the Lesson
Soil is essential for the maintenance of biodiversity above and below ground. The wealth of biodiversity
below ground is vast and unappreciated: millions of microorganisms live and reproduce in a few grams of
topsoil, an ecosystem essential for life on earth.

Collectively, soil microorganisms play an essential role in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients
and fertilizing the soil. Without the cycling of elements, the continuation of life on Earth would be
impossible, since essential nutrients would rapidly be taken up by organisms and locked in a form that
cannot be used by others. The reactions involved in elemental cycling are often chemical in nature, but
biochemical reactions, those facilitated by organisms, also play an important part in the cycling of elements.
Soil microbes are of prime importance in this process.

Organic soil amendments can increase beneficial soil organisms, organic matter, and improve moisture
retention. Sources of organic soil amendments may come from the following:

1. Animal-Based Amendment (Guano, Manure, Vermicast)

2. Mineral-Based Amendment (Greensand)
3. Plant-Based Amendment (Concoctions and Extracts, Compost, Cover Crops)

Uses of Concoction in the different stages of Plants

Stage 1: Seed Sowing

a. As seed treatment before sowing
b. Introduction of microorganisms during preparation of seed potting media
c. Aide in the growth of plant

Stage 2: Transplanting
a. Introduction of microorganisms during preparation of plot or soil potting medium
b. Aide in the growth of plant
c. Source of Nitrogen
d. Source of Calcium

Stage 3. Growing
a. Aide in the growth of plant
b. Source of Nitrogen
c. Source of Calcium
d. Natural Insect Repellants
e. Enhancing the taste of the plant

Stage 4. Reproductive Growth/Fruiting Stage

c. Source of foliar fertilizer
d. Source of Calcium

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Uses of Concoction in Livestock/Poultry

Known concoctions in the country

1. LABS – as prebiotic in poultry and livestock production. The target of LABS is digestive system
2. OHN 1st Process – as vitamins and it helps protects the animals from respiratory diseases
3. FPJ – aide in the growth and weight of animal
4. FFJ – can help in enhancing the taste of the meat
5. KAA/FAA – source of protein. This is highly recommended in the mixing of feeds both for poultry
and hogs
6. IMO – it is use in the beddings as natural deodorizer
7. Calphos – source of calcium especially for pregnant animals

Uses of Concoction (IMO) as natural hastener of decomposition

Composting is a viable means of transforming various organic wastes into products that can be used safely
and beneficially as bio-fertilizers and soil conditioners.

Indigenous Micro Organisms (IMO) are naturally occurring microbes that has adapted to the environmental
condition where they are found and as such, are capable of accelerating rapid decomposition of organic
materials found in the same location. Acceleration of decomposition of crop residues high in lignin with the
application of IMO has been reported.

Self-Assessment Questions
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Microorganisms are not only directly influenced by fundamental soil characteristics

a. True
b. False

2. Soil microbiology is the study of life and plants in soil, their functions and how they affect soil
properties.
a. True
b. False

3. Organic plant supplements’ total NPK is lower than 0.5% and more than 2.5%
a. True
b. False

Page 23 of 45
4. Spraying of IMO/LABS will help increase microorganisms
a. True
b. False

5. FPJ is a source of protein

a. True
b. False

Self-Assessment Question
Answer Key

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Microorganisms are not only directly influenced by fundamental soil characteristics

a. True
b. False

2. Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions and how they affect soil
properties.
a. True
b. False

3. Organic plant supplements’ total NPK is lower not than 0.5% and not more than 2.5%
a. True
b. False

4. Spraying of IMO/LABS will help increase microorganisms

a. True
b. False

5. KAA/FAA – source of protein

a. True
b. False

Page 24 of 45
 References

• Future Directions International (http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/living-soils-role-

microorganisms-soil-health/)
• USDA NRCS - Soil Health
• ATI
• International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438

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 Lesson 3:
Process Concoctions and Extracts

This lesson tackles the concept of fermentation; over-all processes different concoctions, its storage
requirement during fermentation process and proper harvesting, respectively.

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the participants shall be able to identify the role of concoction and extracts in
organic farming. Specifically, the participants should be able to:

1. identify the basic tools, equipment and raw materials used in the preparation of concoctions;
2. enumerate the basic concoctions and extracts known in the Philippines;
3. enumerate the new concoctions and extracts made by Filipino farmers;
4. discuss the methods of packaging concoctions; and
5. explain and demonstrate the process of making concoction and extracts.

Time Allotment : 8 Hours

Methodologies : Lecture, Participatory approach, Hands-on
Tools to use : PPT, PPE, knife, scissors, chopping board, pales/plastic containers, weighing
scale, stones, net, manila paper, cloth, rubber band, pentel pen, masking tape,
muscovado sugar/molasses, kangkong, camote tops, malunggay, ripe banana
and papaya, fish, kuhol fried eggshell, burnt animal bones, coconut vinegar,
fresh milk, rice wash (fermented for 3 days) ginger, garlic, chilli, panayawan,
seaweeds, malungay, aloe vera, herbs

Lesson Opener
Title : Just Give Me A Reason
Time Allotment : 15 Minutes
Materials Needed : PPT, ballpen, paper

Procedure:
1. Show two plants that are different from each other:
sample 1, no treatment at all and sample 2 is treated
with FPJ.
2. (assuming that these plants are of same age, soil and
controlled environment).
3. Ask a volunteer if they know the reason about the
difference between the growths of the samples. Sample 1 Sample 2
Possible Answer: Sample 1: untreated, Sample
2: treated

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 Processing:
Ask the participants with the following:
1. What do you think of the activity?
2. Is it easy for you to differentiate the two picture?
3. What are your insights from the activity?

Key Concepts:
Plants need five things in order to grow: sunlight, proper temperature, moisture, air, and nutrients. These
five things are provided by the natural or artificial environments where the plants live. If any of these
elements are missing they can limit plant growth. Plants need a variety of macro and micronutrients to be
at their best. Make sure your plants are getting the vitamins, minerals and other specialty plant
supplements they require in order to be productive.

Connecting/Transition Statement:

Intervention of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) will boosts the plants to grow better. FPJ is rich in micro and
macro-nutrients. The fermented juice also contains microorganisms that give strength to plants and
animals as well. The primary elements that FPJ can provide are Nitrogen and some micro-nutrients like
Calcium, Molybdenum, Manganese, Iron and Carbon.

Lesson Proper

A. Basic tools, equipment and raw materials used in the preparation of concoctions

1. Tools and Equipment – must be cleaned, freed from contaminations and must be of “food grade”
quality

a. Weighing Scale – used for weighing the raw materials

b. Basin – used for mixing the ingredients

c. Knife & Chopping Board – used for cutting or

chopping of raw materials

d. Pail / Jar Canister / Bamboo Trough – repository

of the mixed ingredients

e. Measuring pitcher – used in measuring molasses

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 f. Wooden Ladle / Bamboo stick – used to
stir/mix the ingredients

g. Screen Net & Stone – used to submerge the fermented

raw materials inside the pail/canister

h. Rug or cloth – used to wipe the dirt of the canister

i. Manila paper or cheese cloth – used as cover to the pail or

canister

j. String or rubber band – used to tie the manila paper or

cheese cloth

k. Masking tape – used in sealing the manila paper or cheese

cloth

l. Marking pen – used for labeling the concoction

m. Personal Protective Equipment such as mask, hand gloves,

apron and hairnet

2. Raw Materials – it should be cleaned and freed from synthetic chemicals

a. Natural Growth Enhancer-Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)

• At least three kinds of plants but not limited to kangkong, camote tops, alugbati, malunggay,
banana trunks, bamboo shoots and other fast growing green plants
• Molasses/ muscovado/ brown sugar

b. Natural Taste Enhancer- Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)

• Ripe and sweet fruits but not limited to banana, papaya, watermelon, ampalaya , tomato.
• Molasses/ muscovado/ brown sugar

c. Kuhol / Fish Amino Acid (KAA/FAA)

• Trash Fish and gills, scales, offal of big fishes, golden kuhol meat
• Molasses/ muscovado/ brown sugar

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 d. Natural Immune Booster – Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)
• Garlic, ginger, panyawan, chilli
• Pure coconut vinegar
• Muscovado

e. Natural Calcium Phosphate Micro Nutrients (CALPHOS)

• Animal bones, egg shell, sea shell, kuhol shell
• Natural vinegar

f. Beneficial Microorganism (IMO)

• cooked, cool rice
• Molasses/ muscovado / crude sugar

g. Natural Enzymes – Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)

• fresh milk
• clear liquid from fermented rice
• liter molasses/brown sugar/muscovado

B. Basic Concoctions and Extracts known in the Philippines

1. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)

Have you heard of probiotics? Did you know that

Lactobacilli (LAB) microbes make up 70% of the human
micro biome (probiotic microbes)?

Lactic Acid Bacteria helps increase the ability to absorb

nutrients while increasing disease resistance.

LAB is a great smell remediator, soil conditioner, and overall

health booster for plants, animals, and even yourself. It is
the garbage disposer of the microbe world.

2. Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)

Are you ready to create an amazing medicinal tonic for your

plants and animals? OHN promotes accessibility to
beneficial microbes by inhibiting pathogens. Diseases don’t
stand a chance when you properly make and apply Oriental
Herbal Nutrient.

The process for making OHN is a lengthy process that

requires precision to create optimal results.

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3. Indigenous Micro Organisms (IMO)

IMO creates extremely fertile land and is the most important

input in Korean Natural Farming. Are you ready for chart- topping
soil nutrients that are indigenous to where you live? IMO fosters
the best microorganisms from your area.

There is nothing better for your land than Indigenous

Microorganisms. Get the best of both worlds with IMO- super
healthy plants and disease prevention.

There are 5 stages in the creation of Indigenous Microorganisms.

4. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)

Create this enzyme rich input out of any plant that grows quickly
and well in your area, even weeds!

Fermented Plant Juice is used in numerous Korean Natural

Farming solutions. FPJ is a fermented extract of the thriving plants
beneficial biochemicals (think of it as high-quality liquid compost).

Give your plants and animals a rapid burst of energy with

Fermented Plant Juice.

5. Indigenous Calcium

Are your plants getting enough calcium? Most plants aren’t. Give
your plants an extra calcium boost to prevent cracking, increase
the plants ability to absorb other vital nutrients, and increase the
storage life of your crops.

Create this amazing calcium-rich input that will strengthen your

plants with natural materials like coral sand, eggshells, crab or
oyster shells.

6. Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)

Create this rich enzyme solution made out of ripe fruits that grow
well in your area.

Fermented Fruit Juice can be made out of sweet ripe fruits, fruit
vegetables and root vegetables like potato, carrot, yam, sweet
potato, radish, and cassava. Ideally, use fruit if you can.

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 7. Fish Amino Acid (FAA)

This is the fish sauce your plants need, and you can even eat it
too! Fish Amino Acid is the best fish nitrogen possible.

Your crops will love how nutrient-rich FAA is and how easy it is to
be absorbed. Are you ready to make your own FAA?

Kuhol Amino Acid (KAA)

Fermented snail including its eggs is also a good source of

nitrogen, foliar fertilizer, root hormone and food for
microorganism in the absence of fish.

8. Calcium Phosphate (CalPhos)

Give your plants an extra calcium boost to prevent cracking,

increase the plants ability to absorb other vital nutrients
especially phosphate, and increase the storage life of your crops.
CalPhos can even be fed to livestock during breeding and
pregnancy.

9. Seaweed Extract

Did you know that seaweed is a powerful source of growth hormones? It also enhances growth of
the plants and good source of nitrogen. You can use it both for plants and animals.

10. Natural Attractant for Flying Insects

Have problem on insects? Put a little bar! Insects are alcoholic, so invite them by putting some
alcohol in your garden. Let them come, have a drink, get drunk, fall and die.

C. New Concoctions and Extracts

1. Fermented Herbal Juice (FHJ)

You can make fermented appetite-enhancing feed

supplement as a cure for respiratory ailments of livestock
and poultry or as a preventive measure so that healthy
animals will not contract disease. Like OHN, FHJ aims to
boost the immune system of your livestock using the herbs
such as oregano or lemon grass and/or basil.

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 2. Aloe Vera Extract

Offer your livestock and poultry various nutritional

elements that are useful to an animal’s performance
to help keep their body nourished, help or enhance
the body's abilities to generate healthy cells and
maintain optimum operational performance, and
help in the overall performance of health in a
natural way. Aloe Vera is a natural feed additive
designed to maximize digestive efficiency. It has
natural healing and detoxifying power and works
gently with the digestive tract to help break down
impacted food for better absorption of nutrients. It
enhances the performance in poultry production. It
aids faster gut maturation, where the first line of
defense, “the gut-associated mucosal immune
system”, is used to prevent the proliferation,
colonization and invasion of harmful pathogens.

D. Package Concoction and Extracts

Labeling

Labeling is the display of label in a product. A label contains information about a product on its
container, packaging, or the product itself. Labeling is another very important factor in a product. It
should show the correct information about the product. Below is the proper labeling found in the
concoction bearing with the name of concoction, date of processing and harvesting and name of the
person/s who prepared.

Name of Concoction: _________________________

Date Processed: _____________________________
Date of Harvest: _____________________________
Prepared by:__________________, ____________________, ____________________

Note: Please do not write the label on the top of manila paper. The ink of the pentel pen may
contaminate the concoction made. Use a piece paper and fastened it to the container by using tape.

Page 32 of 45
Sanitizing

• Principle of 5S

The principles of 5S are commonly known as “lean management”. The main purpose is to increase
efficiency, thereby reducing production costs while increasing productivity, safety, and employee
satisfaction. To achieve lean management in the processing of concoction, follow the principles
behind 5s:

- Sort (Seiri) - the first steps in making your workplace more efficient is to sort through which
items need to be there, and which items don’t.
- Set in Order (Seiton) - this visual organization keeps equipment in its best possible
condition, reducing the cost of replacement and ensuring that any broken or substandard
items can be sorted quickly.
- Shine (Seiso) - regular cleaning and maintenance of equipment helps keep it running
smoothly. It also allows employees to catch problems in the equipment and your systems
before they become a serious issue.
- Standardize (Seiketsu) - standardizing work processes and tasks ensures that every aspect
of your work stays efficient. There is a number of different techniques that can be used,
from a checklist to schedules.
- Sustain (Shitsuke) - in order to continue working efficiently, maintenance work is an
absolute necessity. Standardizations make this easier to conduct and continue, as it is only
in the long term that the principles of 5s or lean management truly come into effect.

• Principle of 3Rs

1. We cannot stop waste production entirely, but everyone can make a significant contribution.
Think before you bin! It saves energy and natural resources, helps to reduce pollution and
reduces the need for land fill. The ‘reduce’, ‘reuse’ and ‘recycle’ elements are referred to as
the ‘3R’s

- Reducing - try to reduce the amount of waste you produce, as this is the best way to help
the environment!
- Reusing - think of ways you could reuse something, like shredding paper for your hamster
rather than buying bedding or saving glass jars for storage.
- Recycling – this enables the materials you throw away to be used again by making them
into new products.

2. Work and storage areas are cleaned, sanitized and secured.

3. Raw materials used are cleaned and freed from synthetic chemicals
4. Tools, materials and equipment used are cleaned, freed from contaminations and must be
of “food grade” quality
5. Personal hygiene are observed according to OHS procedures.

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 • Packages Concoction

- Concoctions are contained in sanitized bottles and containers.

- Packaged concoctions are labeled and tagged in accordance with enterprise practice.
- Packaged concoctions are stored in appropriate place and temperature following organic
practices.
- Production of concoctions are recorded using enterprise procedures.

E. Uses of Concoction in livestock

What is fermentation?

It is an enzymatically controlled anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compounds (as a carbohydrate

to carbon dioxide and alcohol or to an organic acid). This metabolic process is used in oxygen starved
environments

1. NATURAL GROWTH ENHANCER (Fermented Plant Juice – FPJ)

Materials:
1 kg kangkong; 1 kg camote tops; 1 kg. banana trunk; and 1.5 kgs. Molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Clean and wash vegetable materials (if taken from the farm, no need).
2. Drain for 5 minutes.
3. Slice to an inch size.
4. Mix all vegetables thoroughly in a plastic pail (20 liters capacity).
5. Mix with 1.5 kgs of molasses thoroughly.
6. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture.
7. Put 5-8 pcs of 25-50 grams stone on top of the nylon screen.
8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
9. Cover with two layered manila paper.
10. Tie with rubber band.
11. Put marking on the masking tape bearing the name and date of fermentation and paste it on
top of the manila paper.
12. Keep in dark cool room for 7 days.
13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid.
14. Filter the liquid and keep it in the plastic container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the
cap of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

• Dosage: 2 tablespoons of FPJ mix with 1 liter of clean water

• Application: Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can
also be mixed with the feeds at the same frequency.

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 Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray to the leaves and trunk of the plants 1 to 2 times
a week. Spray during growth stage of the plants. It helps plant greener and grow faster.

2. NATURAL TASTE ENHANCER (Fermented Fruit Juice - FFJ)

Materials:
1 kg. banana fruit; 1 kg. papaya; 1 kg. water melon; and 3 kgs Molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Clean and wash fruits.
2. Drain for 5 minutes.
3. Slice to an inch size.
4. Mix all fruits thoroughly in a plastic pail (20 liters capacity).
5. Mix with 3 kgs molasses thoroughly.
6. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture.
7. Put 5-8 pcs of 25-50 grams stone on top of the nylon screen.
8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
9. Cover with two layered manila paper.
10. Tie with rubber band.
11. Put marking on the masking tape bearing the name and date of fermentation and paste it on
top of the manila paper.
12. Keep in dark cool room for 7 days.
13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid.
14. Filter the liquid and keep it in the plastic container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap
of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of FFJ mix with 1 liter of clean water

Application:

• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed
with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray to the flowers and fruits of the plants 1 to 2 times
a week. Spray during fruiting stage of the plants. It helps the fruit become sweet and tasty

3. NATURAL AMINO ACID (Fish Amino Acid - FAA)

Materials:
1 kg. Whole fish, fresh gills (stored in clean sealed container), scales, offal of big fish (except bloated
fish, rotten fish); and 1 kg Molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Clean and wash the fish.
2. Drain for 5 minutes.

Page 35 of 45
3. Slice to an inch size.
4. Mix all parts thoroughly in a plastic pail (20 liters capacity).
5. Mix with 1 kg molasses thoroughly.
6. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture.
7. Put 5-8 pcs of 25-50 grams stone on top of the nylon screen.
8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
9. Cover with two layered manila paper.
10. Tie with rubber band.
11. Put marking on the masking tape bearing the name and date of fermentation and paste it on
top of the manila paper.
12. Keep in dark cool room for 15 days.
13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid.
14. Filter the liquid and keep it in the plastic container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap
of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

KUHOL AMINO ACID (KAA)

Materials:
1 kg. Meat/Egg of snail, and 1 kg Molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Clean and wash meat/egg of the snail.
2. Drain for 5 minutes.
3. Slice the meat to an inch size.
4. Mix all parts thoroughly in a plastic pail (20 liters capacity).
5. Mix with 1 kg molasses thoroughly.
6. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture.
7. Put 5-8 pcs of 25-50 grams stone on top of the nylon screen.
8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
9. Cover with two-layered manila paper.
10. Tie with rubber band.
11. Put marking on the masking tape bearing the name and date of fermentation and paste it on
top of the manila paper.
12. Keep in dark cool room for 15 days.
13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid.
14. Filter the liquid and keep it in the plastic container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap
of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of FAA/KAA mix with 1 liter of clean water, in severe cases

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 Application:
• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed
with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray to the plant base and nearby soil 1 to 2 times a
week. Spray before flowering and during fruiting stage of plants. It is a good source of Nitrogen,
foliar fertilizer, root hormone and food for microorganism

4. NATURAL IMMUNE BOOSTER (Oriental Herbal Nutrient - OHN)

Materials:
1 kg. garlic fruit; 1 kg. ginger; 200 kg muscovado and 2.2 liters pure coconut vinegar

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Skinned the garlic and ginger (if not washed properly).
2. Cut garlic in halves and slice ginger into quarter of an inch.
3. Mix garlic and ginger with 200 grams muscovado sugar in a plastic pail.
4. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
5. Close cover tightly and seal it with masking tape at the side.
6. Mark the name and date of fermentation (first stage of fermentation).
7. Open the cover add 2 liters pure coconut vinegar (1:1 solution) 3 days after.
8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
9. Close cover tightly and seal it with masking tape at the side.
10. Open the cover, filter and decant the liquid to another container 10 days after (second stage
fermentation).
11. Close tightly the cover and do the markings (first extraction).
12. The concoction is ready to use for animals.
13. Add the same amount of liquid extract (2 liters of pure coco vinegar) then add 200 grams of sili
and 100 grams panyawan, soak for 10 days (second extraction).
14. Repeat number 13 procedure for the third extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of OHN mix with 1 liter of clean water. Add to the IMO and FPJ mixture and
spray together on the leaves and soil every week, in severe cases, double the dosage.

Application:
• Animals – use the first extraction only. Mix it with drinking water at the dosage above
mentioned 2-4 times a week. It can also be mixed with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – use the second and third extraction. Prepare the same dosage and spray to the plant
parts affected by insects, etc. 1 to 3 times a week. Stop the application when there are no more
insects, etc. use throughout the early,

• Spray on the plants during vegetative and change over fruiting stages. It helps develop the
immune system of your plant and animals

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5. BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS (Indigenous Micro Organism - IMO)

Materials:
1 kg. commercial rice; and 1 kg Molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Wash the rice properly (keep the first wash liquid for the LABS).
2. Cook it normally (not too wet or too dry).
3. Cool the cooked rice naturally.
4. Transfer the cooked rice to a tray.
5. Use wooden ladle to transfer rice.
6. Put some cooked rice inside the bamboo pole (1/4 full of rice).
7. Cover it with two layered manila paper then tie with rubber bands.
8. Wrap the bamboo pole with a clean cellophane then tie with rubber bands.
9. Write markings on the masking tape bearing the name and date.
10. Keep it under the bamboo forest for 3 to 5 days.
11. Open the bamboo pole and inspect the growing molds, black colored molds discard, white colored
molds collect.
12. Weigh the recovered rice and molds and add molasses in equal weight.
13. Put the mixture in a plastic container, wipe the mouth, cover with double-layered manila paper
and put the proper markings.
14. Drain the liquid from the mixture, filter and place it in another container (do not close the cap
tightly, loosen the cap of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of IMO mix with 1 liter of clean water, in severe cases, double the dosage

Application:
• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed with
the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray to the leaves, trunks and plants’ base 1 to 2 times a
week.

• Fertilizer – 2 tablespoon with 1 liter of clean water apply to OF mixture

• Deodorize – apply the dosage above 1 to 2 times a week

6. NATURAL LABS ENZYMES (Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum - LABS)

Materials:
900 ml cow’s milk; 100 ml clear liquid from fermented rice and 1 liter Molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Use the first wash liquid from the cooked rice.
2. Put the liquid inside the plastic container (3/4 full) and wipe excess water.

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 3. Cover the container with a double layered manila paper.
4. Mark the name and date of fermentation.
5. Ferment it for 7 days (first stage of fermentation).
6. Use 1 liter cow’s milk pack and remove 100ml (10%).
7. Extract 100ml from the fermented first wash liquid of the cooked rice.
8. Take the liquid between the bottom and top layers of the fermentation and add to 1 liter milk
pack.
9. Return the cover of the pack and seal it with a masking tape.
10. Mark it with the name and date of fermentation.
11. Keep it for 5 days in a cool and dark room, do not disturb.
12. Drain the liquid (weigh) and filter, separate the sludge from the liquid.
13. Measure the liquid and add the same amount of molasses.
14. Keep it in a plastic container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap of approximately 1
complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoon of LABS mix with 1 liter of clean water, in severe cases, double the dosage

Application:
• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed
with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray to the plants’ base 1 to 2 times a week.

• Fertilizer – 2 tablespoon with 1 liter of clean water apply to OF mixture

• Deodorize – apply the dosage above 1 to 2 times a week

7. NATURAL CALPHOS MICRO NUTRIENTS (CALPHOS)

Materials:
3 kgs. cow bones; and 27 liters of pure coco vinegar

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Clean and wash the bones properly.
2. Cook bones with some flesh and add spices.
3. Remove all meat and fats thoroughly (eat the meat and fats).
4. Wash and clean the bones.
5. Put the bones above fired charcoal.
6. Wait until the remaining fats are drained.
7. Remove the bones when it became brownish in color (do not make it black, it’s overcooked).
8. Cool it for 10 to 20 minutes.
9. Wash again to remove excess oil, if necessary.
10. Drain excess water.
11. Put the bones inside the plastic pail.
12. Add 27 liters of pure coconut vinegar without coloring.

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 13. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail, cover with a double layered manila paper and mark the
name and date of fermentation.
14. Open the container after 30 days of soaking, filter the liquid and keep it in other plastic
container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of CALPHOS mix with 1 liter of clean water

Application:
• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed
with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray to the plants’ base 1 to 3 times a week.

8. NATURAL CALCIUM (CALPHOS)

Materials:
1 kg. Egg Shell, kuhol shell or other shells; and 1 L of pure coco vinegar

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Take out the inside peel of the eggshells and wash very well.
2. Pan Fry 2 kilos eggshell until brown, set aside and cool.
3. Pour the vinegar first into the jar then pour slowly the eggshell.
4. Wait till the tiny bubbles disappear and stop.
5. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail, cover with double layered manila paper and sealed with
tape.
6. Mark the name and date of fermentation.
7. Open the container after 20 days of fermentation, filter the liquid and keep it in other plastic.
container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap of approximately 1 complete twist).
8. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
9. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of CALPHOS mix with 1 liter of clean water

Application:
• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed
with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray on leaves when the fruits are large enough to
grow sweet fruits and prevent overgrowth. Add seawater, calcium phosphate or OHN for
better taste and aroma of the fruits.

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9. SEAWEED EXTRACT

Materials:
1 kg. seaweeds; and 1 kg molasses

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Clean and wash the seaweeds.
2. Drain for 5 minutes.
3. Slice to an inch size.
4. Mix all parts thoroughly in a plastic pail (20 liters capacity).
5. Mix with 1 kg molasses thoroughly.
6. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture.
7. Put 5-8 pcs of 25-50 grams stone on top of the nylon screen.
8. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail.
9. Cover with two-layered manila paper.
10. Tie with rubber band.
11. Put marking on the masking tape bearing the name and date of fermentation and paste it on
top of the manila paper.
12. Keep in dark cool room while in the process of fermentation for 30 days. In the meanwhile,
check often and stir the mixture as this tends to expands.
13. Open the mixture and extract the liquid.
14. Filter the liquid and keep it in the plastic container (do not close the cap tightly, loosen the cap
of approximately 1 complete twist).
15. Completely close cap after a week or when there are no bubbles going up.
16. The concoction is ready to use after extraction.

Dosage: 2 tablespoons of Seaweed mix with 1 liter of clean water

Application:
• Animals – mix it with drinking water at the dosage above 2 times a week. It can also be mixed
with the feeds at the same frequency.

• Plants – prepare the same dosage and spray on leaves when the fruits are large enough to
grow sweet fruits and prevent overgrowth. Add seawater, calcium phosphate or OHN for
better taste and aroma of the fruits.

10. NATURAL ATTRACTANT FOR FLYING INSECT (NA)

Materials:
1 gallon coconut vinegar; ½ kg molasses; and 8 tbsp. FPJ

Steps on how to ferment:

1. Bring to a boil 1 gallon coconut vinegar
2. Immediately remove from the fire and add ½ kg molasses
3. Set aside and to cool
4. Add 8 tbsp. FPJ using the same plant. Ex. Mango leaves and fruits for mango tree

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 Application: Place some amount of the mixture in containers and hang on fruit trees and/or
vegetable trellises. Place some near vegetable plots, corn fields

Activity: PREPARATION OF CONCOCTION (2 hours)

Organize the participants into teams of 6 for the task. Give them 2 hours to demonstrate the
process of making, labeling and packaging concoction.

Group 1 - FPJ
Group 2 – FFJ
Group 3 – FAA
Group 4 – IMO
Group 5 – LABS
Group 6 – CALPHOS/IC

Reporting of the experience in processing the concoction will done by group.

Summary of the Lesson

• Tools and Equipment – must be cleaned, freed from contaminations and must be of “food grade”
quality.

• Raw Materials – it should be cleaned and freed from synthetic chemicals

Basic Concoctions and Extracts known in the Philippines

1. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)
2. Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)
3. Indigenous Micro Organisms (IMO)
4. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)
5. Indigenous Calcium
6. Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)
7. Fish Amino Acid (FAA)
Kuhol Amino Acid (KAA)
8. Calcium Phosphate (CalPhos)
9. Seaweed Extract
10. Natural Attractant for Flying Insects

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New Concoctions and Extracts
1. Fermented Herbal Juice (FHJ)
2. Aloe Vera Extract

In Packaging Concoction and Extracts, the following are important:

1. Proper labeling must show the name of concoction, date of processing and harvesting and name
of the person/s who prepared
2. Application of 3Rs and 5s to increase efficiency, thereby reducing production costs while
increasing productivity, safety, and employee satisfaction.
- Sort (Seiri)
- Set in Order (Seiton)
- Shine (Seiso)
- Standardize (Seiketsu)
- Sustain (Shitsuke)
3. Work and storage areas are cleaned, sanitized and secured.
4. Raw materials used are cleaned and freed from synthetic chemicals
5. Tools, materials and equipment used are cleaned, freed from contaminations and must be of
“food grade” quality
6. Personal hygiene are observed according to OHS procedures.

Self-Assessment Question

1. Give at least 2 basic tools use in the making of concoctions

a.
b.

2. Give at least 3 basic concoctions and extracts known in the Philippines

a.
b.
c.

3. What are the two concoctions made by the Filipino farmers

a.
b.

4. It has three processes; 1st harvest is for livestock while the 2nd harvest is for plant
a. LABS
b. OHN
c. IMO

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 Self-Assessment Question
Answer Key

1. Give at least 2 basic tools use in the making of concoctions

a. Weighing Scale
b. Basin
c. Knife & Chopping Board
d. Pail / Jar Canister / Bamboo Trough
e. Measuring pitcher
f. Wooden Ladle / Bamboo stick
g. Screen Net & Stone
h. Rug or cloth
i. Manila paper or cheese cloth
j. String or rubber
k. Masking tape
l. Marking pen
m. Personal Protective Equipment such as mask, hand gloves,
apron and hairnet.

2. Give at least 3 concoctions

a. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)
b. Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ)
c. Fish Amino Acid (FAA)
d. Indigenous Micro Organisms (IMO)
e. Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS)
d. Oriental Herbal Nutrient
e. Calcium Phosphate (CALPHOS
f. Indigenous Calcium (IC)

3. What are the two concoctions made by the Filipino farmers

a. Fermented Herbal Juice
b. Aloe Vera Extract

4. It has three processes; 1st harvest is for livestock while the 2nd harvest is for plant
1. LABS
2. OHN
3. IMO

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 References

• Korean Natural Farming Inputs (https://www.naturalfarming.co/inputs/)

• Aloe Vera Inc. (https://www.aloequeen.com/AloeApplications/animalandveterinary.html)
• ACES Nature Farm

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