P425/2 S6 NUMERICAL METHODS

Time : 1 hour

𝜋
1 1 05marks
Use trapezium rule with 5 strips to evaluate ∫02 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥, correct to four
decimal places.

2 (a) Use the trapezium rule with 6 ordinates to estimate the value
𝜋 06marks
of ∫𝜋3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥, correct to 3 significant figures.
6

(b) (i)Calculate the percentage error in your estimation in (a) above . 06marks
(ii) suggest how the percentage error above may be reduced.

3 The table below is an extract from the tables of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 °

𝑥 = 80° 0′ 10′ 20′ 30′ 40′
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0.1736 0.1708 0.1679 0.1650 0.1622

Use linear interpolation to estimate

(a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 80° 36′ (b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.1685 05marks

4 Show that the equation 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 2 − 𝑥 has a root between 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 2. 05marks
Hence use linear interpolation only once to find the root correct to 2 decimal
places.

5 A cylindrical pipe has a radius of 2.5cm measured to the nearest unit. If the 05marks
absolute relative error in calculating its volume is 0.125, find the absolute
relative error in measuring its height;

6 (a) Given that ∆𝑥 and ∆𝑦 are the errors made in approximating x and y to
given numbers of decimal places respectively
𝑦
respectively. Show that the maximum absolute error in 𝑥 2 is
𝑦∆𝑥 ∆𝑦
2 | 𝑥 3 | + |𝑥 2 |.
(b) hence find the 12marks
0.74
(i) limits within which the exact value of 1.62
0.74
(ii) percentage error made in 1.62 . give your answers to 3sf

PREPARED BY MRS ASSUMPTA KASAMBA @GHSMATHSDEPT; PROB1:7 1

 P425/2 S6 NUMERICAL METHODS
TEST 2 MARKING GUIDE 2020
Qn marks
𝜋
1. −0 𝜋 B1 for h
ℎ= 2
=
5 10
𝑥 Extreme values Middle values B1 for all values of x
to5dp
0 1.00000 B1 for all values of
𝜋 0.76393 yto5dp
10
2𝜋 0.62981
10
3𝜋 0.55279
10
4𝜋 0.51254
10
𝜋 0.50000
2
totals 1.50000 2.45907
2
1 1 𝜋 M1 iff ≈ seen
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 ≈ × [1.5 + (2 × 2.45907)]
0 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2 10
≈ 1.00816
≈ 1.008 A1 cao 3dps

05
𝜋 𝜋
2. − 𝜋 B1 for h
ℎ= 3 6
=
5 30
𝑥 Extreme values Middle values B1 for all values of x to
𝜋 0.5774
4dp
B1 for all values of y to
6 4dp
𝜋 0.7265
5
7𝜋 0.9004
30
4𝜋 1.1106
15
3𝜋 1.3764
10
𝜋 1.7321
3
totals 2.3095 4.1139
𝜋
1 𝜋
∴ ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ≈ 2 × 30 [2.3095 + (2 × 4.1139)]
𝜋
3 M1 iff ≈ seen
6
≈ 0.5517 ≈ 0.552 (3sf) A1 cao 3sf
𝜋 𝜋
Exact value = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [− ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]
𝜋
3 3
𝜋 M1 for integrating
6 6 &substituting the limits
=− ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋3 − − ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋6
= 0.5493 ≈ 0.549 (3𝑠𝑓) B1 cao to 3sf

𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 M1 iff modulus sign

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100 included
𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
0.549 − 0.552 B1
= | | × 100
0.549 A1
= 0.5464%

PREPARED BY MRS ASSUMPTA KASAMBA @GHSMATHSDEPT” PROV. 1:7 1

 (ii) the percentage error can be reduced by increasing the number of ordinates . B1

12

3.(a) 𝑥 = 80° 30′ 36′ 40′ B1 for the table

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0.1650 𝑦1 0.1622

M1 for the gradient
application
0.1622−0.1650 𝑦1 − 0.1650
=
40′ −30′ 36′ −30′
∴ 𝑦1 = 0.1633 A1 cao to 4dp
𝑥 = 80° 10′ 𝑥1 20′
(b)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0.1708 0.1685 0.1679
0.1679−0.1708 0.1685−0.1708 M1 for the gradient
= application
20′ −10′ 𝑥1 − 10′
𝑥1 = 18′ A1 cao take note the
answer is not 18’ but
−1
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0.1685 = 80°18′ 80°18′
05

4. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2 B1 for f(x)

𝑓(1) = ln 1 + 1 − 2 = −1 B1 for subs. For x=1 &

𝑓(2) = ln 2 + 2 − 2 = 0.6931 x=2

Since 𝑓(1) < 0 and 𝑓(2) > 0 then there exists a root between 𝑥 = B1 for comment
1 and 𝑥 = 2.
𝑥 1 𝑥1 2
𝑓(𝑥) −1 0 0.6931 M1 for the gradient
0.6931−−1 0−−1
=
application
2−1 𝑥1 − 1
𝑥1 = 1.5906
≈ 1.59
A1 cao

05
2
5. 𝑣 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝛿𝑣 𝛿𝑣
∆𝑣 = ∆𝑟 + ∆ℎ
𝛿𝑟 𝛿ℎ B1for partial
differentiation
∆𝑣 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ∆𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟 2 ∆ℎ
2𝜋𝑟ℎ∆𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟 2 ∆ℎ
B1 for relative error
∆𝑣
| |=| |
𝑣 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
∆𝑣 2∆𝑟 ∆ℎ
| |=| + |
𝑣 𝑟 ℎ
2∆𝑟 ∆ℎ M1 for triangular
≤| |+| | inequality
𝑟 ℎ
∆𝑣 ∆𝑟 ∆ℎ
| | = 2| | + | | B1
𝑣 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑟 ℎ
PREPARED BY MRS ASSUMPTA KASAMBA @GHSMATHSDEPT” PROV. 1:7 2
 0.05 ∆ℎ
0.125 = 2 | |+| |
2.5 ℎ
∆ℎ
| | = 0.085
ℎ
A1

05
6. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be the exact values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 respectively such that
𝑋 = 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 , and 𝑌 = 𝑦 + ∆𝑦
Error = exact value – approximate value M1

𝑦+∆𝑦 𝑦
= (𝑥+∆𝑥)2 − 2
𝑥
(𝑦 + ∆𝑦)(𝑥)2 − 𝑦(𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2
=
𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2
= 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 ∆𝑦 − 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥∆𝑥 + (∆𝑥)2 )
2 2

𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2
= 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 ∆𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦∆𝑥 − (∆𝑥)2 𝑦
2 2

2
∆𝑥
(𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑥 ))

∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Assuming ∆𝑥 <<< 𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 (∆𝑥)2 𝑦 ≈ 0, and ≈0∴1+ ≈1 B1 for the assumption
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 ∆𝑦−2𝑥𝑦∆𝑥 ∆𝑦 2𝑦∆𝑥
Error = = −
𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥3

∆𝑦 2𝑦∆𝑥 M1 for the modulus sign

Absolute error = | 2
− |
𝑥 𝑥3

∆𝑦 2𝑦∆𝑥 2𝑦∆𝑥 2𝑦∆𝑥

≤ | 2 | + |−
| but |− 3 | = | 3 | B1 for triangular
𝑥 𝑥3
𝑥 𝑥 inequality
∆𝑦 2𝑦∆𝑥
≤ | 2| + | 3 |
𝑥 𝑥
∆𝑦 𝑦∆𝑥
≤ | 2| + 2 | 3 |
𝑥 𝑥
∆𝑦 𝑦∆𝑥
∴ 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | 2 | + 2 | 3 |
𝑥 𝑥
A1 for the absolute error

0.74 0.74
(b) for 2 , 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 2 = 0.28906
1.6 1.6

0.74
, 𝑥 = 1.6 , ∆𝑥 = ±0.05
1.62 B1 for errors in x and y

𝑦 = 0.74, ∆𝑦 = ±0.005

PREPARED BY MRS ASSUMPTA KASAMBA @GHSMATHSDEPT” PROV. 1:7 3

 ∆𝑦 𝑦∆𝑥
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | + 2 | |
𝑥2 𝑥3
M1 for substitution

0.005 0.74 × 0.05

=| | + 2 | |
1.62 1.63 A1

= 0.02002 M1

𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟

= 0.28906 − 0.02002 A1
= 0.26904
= 0.269
𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= 0.28906 + 0.02002
= 0.30908 A1
M1 iff the modulus sign is
= 0.309 seen
0.02002
ii) 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100
0.28906 A1

= 6.9259
= 6.93%

PREPARED BY MRS ASSUMPTA KASAMBA @GHSMATHSDEPT” PROV. 1:7 4