SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 1
Module 1
The Discovery of the Cell
General Biology 1
Self - Learning Module (SLM)
Module 1: The Discovery of the Cell Theory
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
This Self Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
-

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post test to self check
- -

your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know
Most Essential Learning Competency:

• Explain the postulates of the cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12- Ia-c-1).

This module is divided into of two (2) lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Introduction of Cell Theory

• Lesson 2 – The Cell Theories

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• identify and explain the history of cell theory.

• organize the concept of cell theory into graphics organizer.
• appreciate the true nature of science as shown in the discovery of the cell.
• Explain how cell theory is an explanation for life.
• present an illustration of a cell theory; and
• recognize the true nature of science as shown in the discovery of the cell.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer from the given choices. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the tiny units of life discovered by a British scientist?

A. Atoms
B. Cells
C. Molecules
D. Nucleus

2. Who and when does the basic building blocks of life discovered?
A. Robert Hooke- 1665
B. Rudolf Virchow- 1850
C. Zacharias Janssen- 1599
D. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- 1674

3. How would you prove that bacterium is an organism?

A. Bacterium can can invade our cells and will cause diseases.
B. Bacterium has the basic qualification of life and can to carry out its
functions.
C. Bacterium is microscopic which means very small that can only be seen
by the use of microscope.

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 D. Bacterium can perform reproduction. Anything that can reproduce its
own is considered an organism.

4. What was the Latin word and the meaning of the word used by the scientist
who first discovered the cell?
A. Cellulae- means “little rooms”
B. Cellulea- means “little rooms”
C. Cellulose- means “main substance”
D. Cellulease- means “immense rooms”

5. How did Anton van Leeuwenhoek contribute to the development of cell

theory?
A. Van Leeuwenhoek determined that all living organisms are composed
of cells.
B. Van Leeuwenhoek stated that the new cells in an organism are
produced by pre-existing cell.
C. Van Leeuwenhoek used lenses to make simple microscopes that could
view living organisms under greater than 200x magnification.
D. Van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope to view a piece of cork that he
determined was made up of small compartments he called “cells.”

6. Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden has been recognized for their
discovery of cell. Is the statement correct?
A. No, because Schwann and Schleiden discovered the vaccine penicillin.
B. No, because Schwann works with animal cells while Schleiden work
with the plant cell.
C. Yes, because Schwann and Schleiden prosposed the cell theory and
coind its term “cell”.
D. Yes, because Schwann discovered the plant cell while Schleiden
discovered the animal cell.

7. Who are the first inventors of microscope which was used to view the cells?
A. Hans and Gretel
B. Hans and Zacharias Janssen
C. Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Theodor Schwann
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Matthias Schleiden

8. What type of microscope is the first invented microscope used to view the
cell?
A. Digital microscope
B. Stereo microscope
C. Acoustic microscope
D. Compound microscope

9. Matthias Jakob Schleiden was the first to state that cells are the building
blocks of all of plants. Is the statement correct?
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 A. Yes, because he stated that embryonic plant arose from one single cell.
B. No, because he stated that that new cells come from already existing
cells.
C. No, because he is known for his invention of the compound optical
microscope.
D. Yes, because he saw that the cork was made-up of many tiny units’
room like structure.

10. What are the three cell theories?

I. All living things are made up of cell.

II. Cells comes from a pre-existing cell.
III. Cells are the most basic building blocks of organisms.
IV. All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition.

A. I, II and III only

B. I, II and IV only
C. I, III and IV only
D. II, III and IV only

11. Who is the first to observe living cells, and also the inventor of microscope
which has an improved lens that could magnify objects from 270 to 300-fold?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Theodore Schwann
C. Zacharias Janssen
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

12. Teacher Elvina wants to explain cell theory to her class. Which of the following
statements about cell theory should she present to the class and why?

Cell theory states:

I. All living cells require glucose for survival.

II. All living cells must have a cell wall.
III. The basic unit of life is a cell.
A. I, II and III, because all the statements are correct.
B. III only, because all organisms is composed of cells.
C. II only, because all cells have cell wall that protects the cell from the
other cells.
D. I only, because cell needs glucose as a source of energy to maintain its
functions.

13. Who among the scientists discovered that animals are made up of cells?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Theodor Schwann

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 C. Zacharias Janssen
D. Matthias Schleiden

14. Which of the following applies the theory that cell comes from free existing
cell.
A. A plant germinate on top of a broken rock
B. Virus reproduce drastically causing infections in chickens
C. A bacteria undergoes binary fission in the laboratory experiment
D. Maggots was discovered in meat after the meat exposed to the air.

15. Which of the following was NOT a major event in the history of the
development of cell theory?
A. Virchow determining that all cells are produced by pre- existing cells.
B. Hooke viewing the remains of cells in a slice of cork under a microscope.
C. Schwann identifying that bacteria and viruses were single-celled organisms.
D. Van Leeuwenhoek viewing living cells from algae and protists under his
microscope.

Lesson

1 Introduction of Cell Theory

Hello, My dear learner! How’s your cells? I hope everything is fine, despite of
this pandemic we are facing right now. Since the classroom setting of teaching is not
yet allowed, we as an educator made ways to make sure that the learners like you
will continue to earn knowledge and skills. That was our main objective in making
this module.

What’s In

Before we go deeper on this module, take time to read the lyrics of the song
“The Cell Theory Song” composed by Mr. Tamez. The song explains the discovery of
the cell. After reading, answer the questions and write it in a clean sheet of paper.

The Cell Theory Song Mr.

Tamez

CHORUS
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New
cells are produced from existing cells

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 VERSE 1
Back then was a guy named Hooke, cut some cork and he had a look
Underneath his microscope tiny rooms that he saw in groups
Empty rooms that looked like shells He's the one that called them cells
Listen up cause we're not done Cell theory had just begun
Add one scientist to know the inventor of the microscope
Anton von Leeuwenhoek saw cells move and he was like "That's dope"

PRE-CHORUS
Cell theory, cell theory, cell theory, cell theory, cell theory, go!

VERSE 2
If you thought this was complete, take a breath and have a seat
Two scientists to have their say Schleiden and Schwann to save the day
Schleiden said all plants have cells they are alive, and we can tell
The next year Mr. Schwann could see all animals have cells that live and breathe
Oh, they live and breathe Live and breathe

BRIDGE
In 1855, Rudolph Virchow proposed that all cells
Come from other cells
This was the final discovery
That ended cell theory cell theory

A. Based on the song, how were the cells discovered, and who discovered them?
B. What are the theories stated on the song?

Rubrics:
Needs
Excellent Good 4
Categories Fair 3pts remediation
5pts pts
2pts
All needed info is Most
All needed info is Information is
Correctness provided with information
provided with no some given is faulty not related to the
misconception misconception topic asked

Most of the Grammars Grammars and

Technicalities Grammars and
grammars and and spellings spellings are
(Grammar, spellings are spellings are are somehow mostly incorrect
spelling, correct with no correct and with correct with and many
neatness) erasures
some erasures erasure erasures

What’s New
Directions: Study the diagram and answer the question below. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

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Guide Question:
What is the information you can gather from the given diagram? Discuss.
Rubrics:
Needs
Good 4
Categories Excellent 5pts Fair 3pts remediation
pts
2pts
All needed info is All needed info is Most Information is not
Correctness provided with some information
provided with no related to the topic
misconception misconception given is faulty asked

Technicalities Most of the Grammars

Grammars and Grammars and
grammars and and spellings
(Grammar, spellings are spellings are mostly
spellings are are somehow
spelling, correct with no incorrect and many
correct and with correct with
neatness) erasures erasures
some erasures erasure

What is It
The Cell Theory

Zacharias Janssen and Hans were a contributor on the discovery of the cell.
The two are known for their invention the compound optical microscope. They
invented the microscope in 1590’s. Their invention played a great role in the
discovery of the cell theory, by making it easier and more practical when observing
cells. The microscope invented by Janssen and Hans was used by Robert Hooke, the
earliest scientist to study living things under a microscope.
Robert Hooke was a British scientist. In 1665 Hooke made an important
discovery under a compound optical microscope. When he looked at a thin slice of
cork under his microscope, he saw that the cork was made-up of many tiny units’
room like structure, he saw tiny little shapes that looked like little rooms with walls
around each of them. He named them “cellulae” or simply “Cell”. This Latin word
means "little rooms”. That was the first discovery of the cell. In 1674, Anton van
Leeuwenhoek became the first to observe live cells. It became possible for
Leeuwenhoek to observe the cells -living cells- clearly because of his invention, the
microscope with improved lenses that could magnify objects from 270 to 300-fold.

In 1838, a German botanist, Matthias Jakob Schleiden was the first to state
that cells are the building blocks of all plants and that an embryonic plant arose
from one single cell. In the following year, another German botanist, Theodor
Schwann stated that cells are the fundamental units of animals too. These
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statements ended the notion that plants, and animals have fundamental differences
in structure.

Their discoveries led to the formulation of the ‘Cell Theory’ which states that
cells are the basic units of all living organisms (plants and animals). But the cell
theory failed to explain how new cells arise. In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a German
physiologist stated in German ‘Omnis cellula e cellula’ which means that new cells
come from already existing cells (Wakim et.al., Discovery of Cells and Cell Theory
2020, Butte College).
Therefore, the three important points of the modified cell theory are as follows:

• The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
• All living organisms (plants and animals) are made up of cells. All cells
arise from pre-existing cells.

What’s More

Activity: Discovering The Hidden Word!

Directions: Solve the crossword puzzle in order to reveal the hidden word. The
numbers from 1 to 13 are for the first letters of every word, while
numbers from 13 to 23 are the letters for the hidden word. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

*Note: ‘*’ are for space between words. Also you can copy the puzzle and make it as
your activity sheet.
2 18

10 11 14

6 8

* 13

4 7
* 21

1 19 17 20

*
3 15
* 12

8
 9 22

5 23
* 16

Hidden Word
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 !

Hints for Crossword Puzzle

Across Down
1. basic building block of organism 2. Historic scientific theory
2. Latin word, it means “little rooms” 4. Used to discover cell
3. he discovered the cell 6. he discover living cells
5. animals made up of cell 7 . used by Hooke, it has dead cells 8.
7. done by cells to create tissue German Physiologist, “Omnis cellula e
organ etc. cellula”
9. Profession, they study science 11. states that plants are made up of
10. act of finding something cells
12. the pioneers in the invention of
13 a compound microscope

What I Have Learned

Activity: Fill Me Up!

Directions: Fill the blanks with the missing words using the choices inside the
box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Note: You can
use choices more than once.
Robert Hooke Rudolf Virchow
Anton van Leeuwenhoek cells are slice of cork that new cells come
the basic units of all living from already existing cells.
organisms. Theodor Schwann
cells are the fundamental units of
plants and animals. compound
microscope Matthias Jakob
Schleiden

The History in the Discovery of Cell Theory

Hans and Zacharias Janssen in the years of 1590’s invented the (1)___________. Their
invention has a great contribution in the discovery of cell and cell theory. In the year

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1665, British scientist (2)____________ coined the term cell for the box-like structures
he observed when viewing (3)__________ through a microscope. In the year 1674
because of his invented microscope with improved lens, (4)____________ was able to
view living cells of algae spirogyra while examining his pond water.

In the year 1838 the botanist and zoologist named (5)_________ and (6)____________
discovered that (7)______________________. The discovery of the two leads to the
conclusion that (8)______________________________. They have also proposed
spontaneous generation or known as the abiogenesis as the method for cell
origination, but it was later disproven. In the year 1855 a German Pathologist and
Biologist named (9)_____________ famously stated the words “Omnis cellula e cellula”
in German language, which means “(10)____________________”.

What I Can Do

Directions: Explain how everybody are benefited in the discovery of the cell theory.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics:
2pts needs
Categories 5pts excellent 4 pts good 3pts fair
remediation
All needed info All needed info is
Most Information is
A. Correctness is provided with provided with
no information not related to
some
misconception given is faulty the topic asked
misconception
Most of the grammars and grammars and
Grammars
B. Technicalities grammars and spellings are spellings are
and spellings are somehow mostly
(Grammar, spellings are
correct with no correct with incorrect and
spelling, neatness) correct and with
erasures erasure many erasures
some erasures
Total Score

Average Score

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer from the given choices. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What does “Omnis cellulae cellula” in English means? A. “Cells are
composed of smaller cells”.
B. “Plant cells are come from a single cell”.
C. “New cells come from already pre-existing cell”.
D. “Cells are the basic building blocks of organisms”.

2. Which of the following was NOT a major event in the history of the
development of cell theory?
A. Schleiden concluding that all plants are comprised of cells

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 B. Hooke viewing the remains of cells in a slice of cork under a microscope.
C. Schwann identifying that bacteria and viruses were single-celled
organisms.
D. Van Leeuwenhoek viewing living cells from algae and protists under his
microscope.
3. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for the development
of cell theory? Defend your answer.

I. Manufacturing and using simple microscopes → determining that all

living organisms are comprised of cells → determining that plants are
comprised of cells → understanding that new cells are produced by
preexisting cells
II. Manufacturing and using simple microscopes → determining that
plants are comprised of cells → determining that all living organisms
are comprised of cells → understanding that new cells are produced by
preexisting cells
III. Determining that plants are comprised of cells → determining that all
living organisms are comprised of cells →manufacturing and using
simple microscopes → understanding that new cells are produced by
preexisting cells
IV. Manufacturing and using simple microscopes → understanding that
new cells are produced by preexisting cells → determining that plants
are comprised of cells → determining that all living organisms are
comprised of cells

A. I. Because cell discovery was after the microscope was discovered. Other
discovery just followed.
B. II. Because After the microscope was discovered, the first organism
observed under the microscope was plant and other cell of oganism Were
also observe afterwards.
C. III. Because the term cell was first used after Robert Hooke found “tiny
units “ structure like a room of a cork.
D. IV. Because before we can tell there the presence of cell, we have to
determine first that its an organism.

4. How did Robert Hooke contributed to the development of cell theory?

A. Hooke determined that all living organisms are composed of cells.
B. Hooke stated that the new cells in an organism are produced by preexisting
cells.
C. Hooke used lenses to make simple microscopes that could view living
organisms under greater than 200x magnification
D. Hooke used a microscope to view a piece of cork that he determined was
made up of small compartments he called “cells.”

5. Do you agree that the discovery of the cell discards the idea that organisms
can generate spontaneously?
A. Yes I agree since cell discovery results more discovery about cell.
B. Yes I agree since spontaneous generation has no scientific bases like of the
cell discovery.
C. No I disagree since spontaneous generation has been base on actual
observation as seen by the naked eye.
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 D. No I disagree because since then spontaneous generation has been
accepted even by the known scientists.

6. Which two scientists are involved in the development of cell theory,

determined that living organisms are made up of cells?
A. Rudolf Virchow and Robert Hooke
B. Rudolf Virchow and Theodor Schwann
C. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
D. Robert Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
7. Which of the following BEST defines cell theory?
A. It is the scientific theory that states that cells will divide, replicate, and
mutate throughout their lifetime.
B. It is the scientific theory that states that cells are the basic unit of life
and make up all living organisms.
C. It is the scientific theory that states that all living animals are made up
of groups of differently specialized cells.
D. It is the scientific theory that states that all cells are genetically and
structurally identical across all living organisms.

8. How did Rudolf Virchow contributed to the development of cell theory?

A. Virchow determined that all living organisms are composed of cells.
B. Virchow stated that the new cells in an organism are produced by
preexisting cells.
C. Virchow studied plant tissues and determined that plants are
composed of cells.
D. Virchow used a microscope to view a piece of cork that he determined
was made up of small compartments he called “cells.”

9. Which of the following is NOT a principle that cell theory is based on? A. All
cells are made from preexisting cells.
B. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
C. The basic functional unit of all living organisms is the cell.
D. Cells are the smallest structures found within an organism.

10. How did Theodor Schwann contribute to the development of cell theory?
A. Schwann determined that all living organisms are composed of cells.
B. Schwann studied plant tissues and determined that plants are composed
of cells.
C. Schwann stated that the new cells in an organism are produced by
preexisting cells.
D. Schwann used a microscope to view a piece of cork that he determined was
made up of small compartments he called “cells.”

11. Which of the following is NOT a postulate of cell theory?

I. All cell arises from other cell.

II. All cell contains subcellular organelles. III. All living things
are composed of cells.

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 A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only

12. What did Schleiden and Schwann both discover individually? A. All cell has
organelles.
B. All living things engage in metabolic functions.
C. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
D. Spontaneous generation of cells is an incorrect theory.

13. Whose microscope was first used to study cell?

A. Robert Hooke
B. Anton Van Leuwenhoek
C. Matthias Jakob Schleiden
D. Zacharias Janssen and Hans
14. What was the great contribution of Anton Van Leuwenhoek in the field of
cytology?
A. He was able to observe living cells- clearly.
B. His finding of the animalcules and sperm cell.
C. His rejection of the spontaneous generation theory.
D. His invention of the microscope with improved lenses.

15. Who was able to explain how new cell arise?

A. Anton Van Leuwenhoek
B. Matthias Jakob Schleiden
C. Robert Hooke
D. Rudolf Virchow

Additional Activities

Directions: Construct a timeline that leads to the discovery of the cell theory. You
can use the suggested format below or you can create any type of graphic
organizers that fits to this idea.Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
Timeline

What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the question carefully. Write the letter of your
choice on a separate sheet of paper.
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For items 1-9. Fill in the table with the needed information. Choose your answer
inside the box.
A. 1590’s I. invented the compound microscope
B. 1674 C. 1839 J. Stated that cells are the secondary
building blocks of all organism.
D. 1845
K. stated the ‘Omnis cellulae cellula’ which
E. Robert Hooke
means that new cells come from already
F. Rudolf Virchow existing cells
G. Theodor Schwann L. observed the living cells though his
H. stated that all plants microscope that could magnify 270 to 300
are made of cells times

The Development of the cell Theory

Date Scientist Discovery

1._____ Hans and Zacharias Janssen 2.___________________________________.

Observed the remains of dead plant
1665 3. __________________
(cork) cells.

4._____ Anton van Leeuwenhoek 5.___________________________________.

1838 Matthias Jakob Schleiden 6.___________________________________.

Stated that all animals are made of

7._____ 8.__________________
cells.
stated the ‘Omnis cellulae cellula’
1855 9.__________________ which means that new cells come
from already existing cells

10. Decide if the postulates of the cell theory could have been possible if the discovery
of theodore Schwann that cells were the fundamental units of animals was not
recognized.

A. No, its not possible because microscope was crude and needs advancement
for the cells to be seen.
B. Yes, it is possible because cells from organism was already observed by
Antoin Van leewenhoek in his microscope.
C. No, its not possible because all information must be based only from
scientific result and proof must be presented.
D. Yes, it possible because plants presence of cell was already discovered and
animal as organism will be assumed to have cells at the same time.

11. Which statement is not related to the three postulates of the cell theory? A. All
cells arise from pre-existing cells.
B. All living organisms (plants and animals) are made up of cells.
C. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
D. Cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA passed on from cell
to cell during division.

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12. What ideas validate the first cell theory that all cell is the basic unit of all living
things?

I. Based on the discovery of cell by Robert Hooke in a sliced cord

II. Based on the discovery of Matthias Jacob Schleiden about embryonic plant
arose from single cell and Theodore Schwann that cells are the fundamental
units of animal too.
III. Based on the discovery of living cells by Leewenhook

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. Both I and II

13. What can you point out about Zacharias Janssen and Han in their contribution
about cell theory?

I. They are the first inventors of the compound microscope that later
played a important role in the cell theory.
II. They were able to observe living cell because of their microscope
invention.
III. They were able to state the cells are basic units of all living organisms

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. Both I and II

14. What was the most important contribution of Rudolf Virchow?

I. “Omnis cellula cella” which means new cells come from already existing cells.
II. His explanation how new cells arise
III. His discovery of plant cell

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. Both I and II

15. Robert Hooke invented the microscope and was used in studying the slice of
cork? Is this statement correct?
A. Yes, the statatement is correct.
B. No, it was Anton Van Leuwenhoek who discovered it.
C. Yes, he was assisted by Stephen William Hawking.
D. No, they were Hans and Zacharias Janssen who discovered the cell.

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 Lesson

2 The Cell Theories

What’s In

Directions: On your own words, explain how was the cell theory discovered.

Rubrics:
Needs
Good 4
Categories Excellent 5pts Fair 3pts remediation
pts
2pts
All needed info All needed info Most
Information is
Correctness is provided with is provided with information
not related to the
no some given is
topic asked
misconception misconception faulty
Grammars
Most of the Grammars and
Technicalities Grammars and and spellings
grammars and spellings are
(Grammar, spellings are are
spellings are mostly incorrect
spelling, correct with no somehow
correct and with and many
neatness) erasures correct with
some erasures erasures
erasure

What’s New
Directions: Carefully examine the illustration and answer the question. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

16
 What is It

The Cell Theory

The cell theory holds some very basic and important claims that are essential
to our concept of life on Earth. According to this theory, the cell serves as the
structural, physiological, systemic, and organizational unit of life. The three
postulates of the cell theory are:

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

The basic qualification of an organism is that it must be at least a single cell,
which is a unicellular organism. Single functioning cells constitute the bacteria,
archaea and some fungi, thus these are living things. When several cells compose an
organism, then it is a multicellular living organism. Plants and animals, protists and
most fungi are multicellular organisms.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and functioning in organism.

The cell carries out the morpho- anatomy and physiology of an organism. In
single- celled organisms, the cell is everything- the very structure that carries out all
biochemical activities to maintain cellular life. For multi- cellular organisms, the
whole organism, first begins as one cell. This first cell undergoes a series of division
to increase the number of cells. These cells further specialize leading to the formation
of tissues, organs, organ system and the whole organism. Thus, a bacterium is
onecelled while a human being is about 10- trillion cell of different types

3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.

For the cell to reproduce, the requirement is a previously existing cell. Cells
can come only from cells. Cells cannot come from anything. A non-cellular entity
cannot produce a living cell. This statement has an implication for the evolution of
life here on Earth. All cells on Earth- past and present- arose from a single cell, an
inescapable conclusion assuming no alien intervention

What’s More
Directions: Put a check on the statement that tells truth about the cell theory, and
“X” if NOT. Write your answer on in a separate sheet of paper.

1. The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in the year 1665 through his
observation on a slice of a cork under a compound microscope. This discovery
has a great impact on today’s study of life.
2. The basic qualification of an organism is that it must be at least a single cell,
which is a unicellular organism. When several cells compose an organism, then
it is a multicellular living organism.
3. Cells can come from anything. A non-cellular entity can produce a living cell.
This statement has an implication for the evolution of life here on
Earth.
17
 4. The cell theory grasps some very basic and significant claims that are important
to our perception of life on Earth. According to this theory, the cell serves as
the structural, physiological, systemic, and organizational unit of life.
5. Hans and Zacharias Janssen a German physiologists stated in German ‘Omnis
cellula e cellula’ which means that new cells come from already existing cells.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Create a graphic organizer presenting all the new learnings you have
acquired on this lesson. It could be in a concept map, outline, a web or
a self-made graphic organizer. Be Creative in presenting your idea. Use
a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics
Very Needs
Outstanding Satisfactory
Category Satisfactory remediation
4pts 2pts 1pts
3pts
All the Most of the Some of the
Quality and Important important important Many important
Quantity of events are events are events are events are
Content presented. presented. presented. excluded.

The presented The presented The presented

The presented
facts are facts are facts are
Accuracy of facts are often
accurate for all accurate for accurate for
Content inaccurate for
the events. almost all the most of the
the events. (25%)
(100%) events. (75%) events. (50%)
All of the Almost all the Most of the
Most of the
information information are information are
Sequence of information are
are placed in placed in placed in
Content incorrectly placed
correct and correct and correct and
on the timeline.
exact order. exact order. exact order.
Most of the
Almost all Most of the
Sentence Information are information are
information are information are
Fluency clearly stated. not stated
clearly stated. clearly stated.
clearly.

What I Can Do
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. On your own words, explain what is the three postulates about the cell.

I.The cell is the basic strctural and functional unit of all living organisms.
II. All living organisms (plants and animals) are made up of cells. III. All
cells arise from pre-existing cells.

18
 2. How is the Cell Theory important in our study of Biology?

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer on the given choices. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. There are three postulates on the cell theory. Which is NOT one of those
postulates?

I. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

II. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
III. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
IV. Cells spontaneously arise from carbon and nutrients carried in the
bloodstream.

A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. III only
D. IV only

2. The theory explains that a basic qualification of an organism is that it must be

at least a single cell, which is a unicellular organism? A. All cells come from
pre-existing cells.
B. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
C. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
D. Cells spontaneously arise from carbon and nutrients carried in the
bloodstream.

3. What theory states that the cell carries out the morpho- anatomy and
physiology of an organism?
A. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
B. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
C. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
D. Cells spontaneously arise from carbon and nutrients carried in the
bloodstream.
4. What theory states that cells cannot come from anything, a non-cellular
entity cannot produce a living cell?
A. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
B. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
C. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
D. Cells spontaneously arise from carbon and nutrients carried in the
bloodstream.

5. What is the average number of human cells?

19
 A. About 10- thousand
B. About 10- million
C. About 10- billion
D. About 10- trillion

6. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Which among the choices theory
proves this discovery?
A. cell theory
B. cell division
C. cell diffusion
D. cell explosion

7. Which of the following does NOT explain how the discovery of cell theory
affect our lives?
A. Helps us develop new medicines.
B. Gives information how living things develop.
C. Helps us understand how cancer cells spreads.
D. Guide us how to construct an environment friendly technique.

8. How does the discovery of the cell theory affect our lives?

I. It explains how technology works.

II. Informs us how our body are having its shape.
III. Explains why rubber bounce back after hitting the floor.
IV. Helps us understand how malignant cells spread to other parts of the
body.

A. I only
B. II only
C. III and IV only
D. I and II only

9. Cell > Tissue > Organ > System > Organism. These sample explains the the
theory that all organism are compose of cell. Is this science concept correct?
A. Yes. Because all organism develop from a single cell.
B. No, because all organism produce and created by themselves.
C. No, because based on the discovery of the cell, all organism are formed
from a simple tissue.
D. Yes, because based on the discovery of the cell, all 0rganism are coming
from pre existing cell.

10. What is the cell theory that explains this illustration of the levels of
organization of an organism?. Organism > System > Organ > Tissue > Cell.
A. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
B. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
C. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
D. All different types of cells are all compose of the same subcellular
organelles.

20
11. What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek contributed on the discovery of the cell
theory?
A. He discovered that the cells comes from a pre-existing cells.
B. He observed living cells and discovered that all living organism is made
up of cells.
C. He disproved the discovery of Rudolf Virchow and stated his own theory
about the cell.
D. He invented the microscope which has an improved lens that could
magnify objects from 270 to 300-fold.

12. What did Hans and Zacharias Janssen contributed on the discovery of the
cell theory?
A. They discovered that the cells comes from a pre-existing cells.
B. They disproved the discovery of Rudolf Virchow about the cells.
C. They invented the coumpound microscope used by Robert Hooke in his
discovery of the cells.
D. They invented the microscope which has an improved lens that could
magnify objects from 270 to 500 fold.

13. Matthias Jakob Schleiden has been recognized in the discovery of cell theory.
Is the statement correct?
A. Yes, because he discovered that cells are the fundamentral units of
plants.
B. Yes because he discovered that cells are the fundamental units of
animals.
C. Yes, because he invented the microscope that was used by Robert
Hooke in his discovery about cells.
D. Yes, because he invented the microscope that was used by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek in his discovery about cells.

14. Theodor Schwann contribution on cell theory was___________.

I. his discovery that cells are the fundamentral units of plants.

II. his discovery that cells are the fundamental units of animals.
III. his invention of the microscope that was used by Robert Hooke in his
discovery about cells.
IV. his invention of the microscope that was used by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek in his discovery about cells.

A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. III only
D. IV only

15. Which of the following was NOT a major event in the history of the
development of cell theory?
A. Virchow determining that all cells are produced by pre- existing cells.
B. Hooke viewing the remains of cells in a slice of cork under a microscope.

21
 C. Schwann identifying that bacteria and viruses were single-celled
organisms.
D. Van Leeuwenhoek viewing living cells from algae and protists under his
microscope.

Additional Activities

Directions: Write a short essay to the questions. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. How far we have developed since the discovery of the cell?

2. How far can we reach more?

Rubrics for the Essay Making.

Needs
Very good Good Fair
Category remediation
(5points) (5points) (3points)
(1points)
The whole content
Almost all the Most of the Most of the content
is related to the
content is related content is related is not related to the
topic and allows the
Focus on to the topic. The to the topic but a topic. And sometime
reader to
the Topic readers can still rather does not no attempt has been
understand much
learn something learn much about made to connect the
more about the
about the topic. the topic. content to the topic.
topic.
The content
The content contains few There is little
The content
contains many creative details evidence of
contains many
creative details that describes the creativity in the
creative details that
that describes the topic and most of content of the essay.
Creativity describes the topic
topic, but the them distracts many of the
which allows the
reader cannot the topic which description used
reader to create
create his/her own creates mis- distracts the focus of
his/her own essay.
essay of it. understanding to the readers.
the readers.
Some vivid, The reader can The reader has
Many vivid,
descriptive words figure out what to trouble figuring out
descriptive words
are used. The picture in the what imagery the
are used. The reader
Imagery reader can essay, but the essay is using and
can picture the
somewhat picture author didn't what the author
imagery in the
the imagery in the supply much wants him/her to
essay.
essay. detail. picture.

22
 Answer Key

Lesson 1:

Lesson2

References

Tamez, J., 2020. [online] Available at: <https://youtu.be/KuJqqiATlqw> [Accessed

15 June 2020].
Dela Pena, R., Gracilla, D., & Pangilinan, C. 2016. General Biology Combined Book 1
& 2. JFS Publishing Services Accessed June 15, 2020
Biology: LibreTexts libraries. 2020. Discovery of Cells and Cell Theory. Accessed June
15, 2020. <https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Hu
man_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/05%3A_Cells/5.02%3A_Discovery_of_Cells_and
_Cell_Theory>
Sutori. 2020. Our Cell Theory Timeline. Facts about scientists who contributed to "The
Cell Theory". Accessed June 15, 2020. <https://www.sutori.com/story/our-
celltheory-timeline--ysqPf 9CgJguMXPyQDfDXsv2g>
Toppr-guides. 2020. What Is Cell Theory? Accessed June 16,
2020.<https://www.toppr.com/ guides/biology/cell-the-unit-of-
life/introductionto-cell-and-cell-theory

23
 Disclaimer
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by the DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material used by all learners of region XII in all public
schools beginning 2020-2021. This process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This version 1.0 highly encourage feedback, comments
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource

Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No. (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph