WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION 66
611
GRADE
SCIENCE

LEARNING QUARTER I

MODULE WEEK 3

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 1

 MODULE IN
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
QUARTER 1 - WEEK 3

Endogenic Processes
Development Team

Writers: Romel A. Abalos

Thelma Damaso
Estelita Lorenzo
Editor: Emily E. Bumanglag
Reviewers: Romeo G. Uganiza
Reginald R. Llacuna
Illustrators: Clifford B. Hernaez
Lay-out Artist: Dean Patrick R. Espiritu
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda, CESO V
Joye D. Madalipay/Domingo L. Laud
Lourdes B. Arucan
Juanito S. Labao
Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 2

 What I Need to Know

This module provides you with another process that contributes to the changing earth’s
landscape. This change is internal in nature and it is known as endogenic processes. In your
journey through the discussions and different tasks, you are expected to understand:

Content Standard:
Geologic processes that occur within the Earth.

Performance Standard:
The learners should be able to conduct a survey to assess the possible geological
hazards that the community may experience.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

1. Describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from; (S11/12ES-Ib-14) and
2. Describe how magma is formed (magmatism); (S11/12ES-Ic-15)

The module is divided into 2 lessons, namely:

Lesson 1: The Earth’s Internal Heat
Lesson 2: Magmatism

What I Know

PRETEST
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Tectonic forces that are operating inside the earth causes rocks to undergo
deformation.
A. true B. false

2. Movement of tectonic plates and formation of volcanoes are endogenic processes.

A. true B. false

3. Density and pressure increase as depth increases.

A. true B. false

4. Which layer of the Earth do convection currents occur in?

A. crust B. outer core
C. mantle D. inner core

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 3

 5. What happens to pressure as we move from the crust to the inner core?
A. decreases B. equal with temperature
C. increases D. nothing happened

6. What was the name given to all the continents when they were joined as one
supercontinent?
A. Eurasia B. Pangaea
C. Plate tectonics D. Supreme continent

7. Where does the heat come from that drives this convection current in the mantle?
A. the sun B. the crust
C. the mantle D. the core

8. Earth’s plates are_________________________.

A. constantly moving and changing the face of the earth
B. never comes
C. moves seldom and very fast
D. moves when it feels like it

9. Alfred Wegener proposed that continents shift their positions over millions of years due
to the movement of Earth’s crustal plates in a Geological process called __________.
A. continental Drift B. continental movement
C. continental Shift D. plate drift

10. Most geologists think that the movement of earth’s plates is caused by __________.
A. convection B. continental drift
C. conduction D. subduction

Lesson
The Earth’s Internal Heat
1
Do you know that trapped remnant heat from the formation of the earth has
continuously kept different endogenic processes in operation? The escape of this remnant
heat to space is more or less limited now because of the solid, less conducting crust that
surrounds it. Aside from this remnant heat, radioactivity of certain elements release heat adds
to the overall internal heat budget of the planet.

Where do internal heat come from? How does this process contribute in changing the
Earth’s landscape?

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 4

 What’s In

Activity 1. (Predict-Observe-Explain) Boiling Water

Objective:
Explain the behavior of water molecules when heated.

Material:
1 liter of water
saucepan
source of heat (burner)

Procedure:
1. Pour one liter of water in a pan and ignite the burner.
2. Predict what will happen to a liter of water when heated.
3. Look closely at the movement of water molecules and list down all your
observations in a sheet of paper.

Guide Questions:
1. How does the movement of the water change when it starts to boil?
_______________________________________________________________
2. If this could be compared to the heat coming from the inside of earth, how will
the crust be affected? Recall your knowledge about the crust.
_______________________________________________________________
3. Explain the movement of the crust using this simulation.
_______________________________________________________________

What’s New

Lesson Activity 1: Cooking Rice

Objective:
Understand the effect of pressure build – up within a closed environment and relate
this current situation in the mantle of the Earth.

Material:
500mL of water
3 little scoops of rice
source of heat (burner)

Procedure:
1. Pour 500mL of water in a pan with newly washed rice and ignite the burner.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 5

 2. Wait until the water boils inside the pan. Write your observations as the water boil
inside with the rice.
3. Write down all your observations in a sheet of paper.

Guide Questions:
1. What happened when you put the cover of the pan while the water and rice inside
boils? Explain.
________________________________________________________________
2. What happens when heat is generated in a closed environment like in the set-up
above?
________________________________________________________________
3. Relate this to the preceding lesson.

Lesson Activity 2: Coca-Cola and Mentos

Objective:
Understand the effect of pressure build – up within a closed environment.

Material:
320mL Coca-Cola soft drink
3 pieces Mentos candy

Procedure:
1. Open the seal of the Coca-Cola bottle on top of the table and put inside it the 5
Mentos candy.
2. Immediately close the Coca-Cola bottle. Settle it for 1 minute.
3. Open the Coca-Cola bottle again and observe what will happen.

Guide Questions:
1. What happened when you put the three Mentos candy inside the Coca-Cola
bottle?
________________________________________________________________
2. What happened when you reopened the Coca-Cola bottle?
________________________________________________________________
3. What is the effect of too much pressure inside a closed environment?
________________________________________________________________
4. How can you relate this to our preceding lesson?
________________________________________________________________

What is It

Earth's Internal Heat

Earth's interior is the site of great amounts of heat. Most of this heat is produced by
the decay of radioactive elements. Overall, the flow of Earth's internal heat is outward toward
Earth's surface. Many geologic processes and features, such as tectonic plate motion,
volcanic activity, and geysers, are related to the Earth's internal heat. Large convection

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 6

currents in the Earth's mantle cause heat to circulate within the Earth's interior. These
convection currents are linked to tectonic plate motion and geologic activity at plate boundaries.
Convection in Earth's Mantle
Convection is typically discussed as it relates to heat flow in liquids and gases. Warmer
parts of a fluid tend to rise, while cooler parts tend to sink. This results in convection currents
that help distribute heat more evenly throughout the fluid.

Cold Particles
Warm Particles

Rise sink

Figure 1

Convection currents occur when warmer parts of a fluid rise, while cooler parts sink.

Convection can also occur in some solids. For example, pressure and temperature
conditions in the Earth's mantle allow mantle rock to slowly convect. Hotter rock rises and
cooler rock sinks in mantle convection cells, or currents. This process is related to several
other processes, including the movement of tectonic plates and the outward transfer of Earth's
internal heat.
Mantle Convection & Plate Tectonics
Figure 2
The movement of Earth's tectonic
plates relates to many factors, including
mantle convection and density
differences in the plates. Earlier work on
plate tectonics theory suggested that
mantle convection is the driving force
behind plate motion.
However, more recent studies suggest
that although mantle convection was
likely a key factor in beginning plate
motion long ago, plate motion may
actually be the main driving force behind https://bit.ly/30X5QaQ
present mantle convection. Regardless of
cause-and-effect relationships between convection and plate motion, the two processes are
linked. The image below is a cross section through the Earth's interior.

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 Tectonic plates of the lithosphere are shown in gray at the Earth's surface. The Earth's
mantle is shown in red-orange. Black arrows in the lithosphere show the directions in which
the plates move. Red arrows in the mantle represent convection currents. As shown in the
diagram, convection currents and tectonic plates tend to move in the same directions near
Earth's surface. Also, convection currents begin to move upward beneath midocean ridges,
where plates pull away from each other, and convection currents begin to move downward
beneath trenches, where one plate plunges beneath another.

Lesson Activity 1. (Predict-Observe-Explain) Boiling Mongo Beans

Objective:
Explain the behavior of mongo beans boiled in water and relate this to the
convection current happening in the mantle of the Earth.

Material:
1 liter of water
Pan
30 pieces mongo beans
source of heat (burner)

Procedure:
1. Pour one liter of water in a pan and ignite the burner.
2. Put inside the pan the mongo beans
3. Predict what will happen to the mongo beans when heats-up and boil.
4. Look closely at the movement of mongo beans as the water molecules boils and
list down all your observations in a sheet of paper.

Guide Questions:
1. How is the movement of the mongo beans as the water boil?
_______________________________________________________________
2. Relate this experiment to the convection current happening in the mantle of the
Earth.
________________________________________________________________

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which layer of the earth is the hottest?
A. crust B. inner core
C. mantle D. outer core

2. Which of the factors contribute much of the earth’s internal heat?

A. increase in pressure B. still cooling from earth’s formation
C. radioactive core D. increase in temperature

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 3. What happens when warmer parts of fluid rise, and cooler parts sink?
A. convection current occurs B. temperature increases
C. pressure increases D. nothing happens

4. Which of the following geologic processes is NOT related to the Earth's internal
heat?
A. geyser B. tectonic plate motion
C. volcanic activity D. weathering

5. During convection, hot substances __________ and cold substances sink.

A. float B. rise
C. sink D. push down

6. Where does Earth’s heat mostly stored?

A. inner and outer B. planetisimals
C. in the mantle D. asthenosphere

7. Which of these results in production of daughter isotopes and release of particles and
heat energy or radiogenic heat?
A. the radioactive decay B. primordial heat
C. heat flow from the core D. reverse fault

8. In what types of matter does convection occur?

A. hotter and colder B. gases and liquids
C. mantle D. outer core and mantle

9. __________ moves from hotter places to colder places.

A. mantle B. hotter; colder
C. fault D. heat

10. Which of these does NOT provide evidence for the heat inside Earth?
A. crust B. mantle
C. galaxies D. outer core

Lesson
MAGMATISM
2
Magma is a molten or partially molten rock from which igneous rocks form. It usually
consists of silicate liquid, although carbonate and sulfide melts occur as well. Magma migrates
either at depth or to Earth’s surface and is ejected as lava through volcanic eruption. These
lesson will specifically focus on the formation of magma. It will describe how magma is formed.
S11/12ES-lc-15.

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What is a Magma?
Figure 3
1. Magma (from Greek μάγμα
"mixture") is a mixture of molten or
semi-molten rock, volatiles and
solids that is found beneath the
surface of the Earth.
2. Besides molten rock, magma may
also contain suspended crystals,
dissolved gas and sometimes gas
bubbles.
3. It often collects in magma chambers
that may feed into volcano or turn
into a pluton. https://bit.ly/33dNzsT
4. Magma is a complex high-
temperature fluid substance. Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700 °C
to 1300 °C (or 1300 °F to 2400 °F), but very rare carbonatite melts may be as cool as
600 °C, and komatiite melts may have been as hot as 1600 °C. Most are silicate
mixtures.
5. It is capable of intrusion into adjacent rocks, extrusion onto the surface as lava, and
explosive ejection as tephra to form pyroclastic rock
6. Most magmas (crystal) that is found beneath the earth surface and it is generated in
the upper parts of mantle (Asthenosphere) and lower crust.

Figure 4

Types of Magma
1. Basaltic Magma
It is made up of 45 to 55 percent silica. It is
high in iron, magnesium and calcium and is
low in potassium and sodium. The
temperature of basaltic magma is around
1000-1200 0C, based on laboratory
measurement and limited field operations.

https://bit.ly/3jWbWkG

Figure 5
2. Andesitic Magma
It is the middle magma in terms of heat,
fluidity or speed of flow and gas content. It is
probably 800 - 1000 0C. It is made up of 55
to 65 percent silica with average amounts of
iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium and
sodium.

https://bit.ly/3g7Yrf8

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 Figure 6

3. Felsic Magma
It includes ryolitic and dacite magmas,
which are very thick and slow-moving.
Felsic magma seems to form when the
Earth’s crust melts with sea water. It is
highly explosive when erupting from
volcanoes. Felsic magma is made up of 65
to 75 percent silica. It is low in iron,
https://bit.ly/3jOWSFa
magnesium and calcium and is high in
potassium and sodium

Figure 7

4. Ultramafic Magma
This is the hottest and fastest flowing
magmas running almost as fast as water
down a volcano. In the distant past,
ultramafic lava could reach as high as 1600
0
C.

https://bit.ly/2CTMtaL

Activity 1. D.I.Y Lava Lamp

Objectives:
1. Produce an output that simulates the properties of lava;
2. Handle all equipment and water carefully and responsibly; and
3. Dispose of waste responsibly.

Materials and Equipment:

300mL vegetable oil 3 soluble aspirin (Alka-Seltzer)
100mL water 1 tall drinking glass
1 set of food coloring

Procedure:
1. Fill glass with water about 1/4 its capacity.
2. Carefully add vegetable oil until glass is nearly full.
3. Add two or three drops of food coloring and observe.
4. Add soluble aspirin tablet and observe.

Observation:
1. Write your observation after adding the aspirin into the solution.
______________________________________________________________
2. Describe the properties that you see and compare this with the properties of actual
lava.
______________________________________________________________

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 11

 Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The formation and motion of hot melted rock under the crust of the Earth is known as
__________.
A. magmatism B. lavatism
C. volcanism D. crustalism

2. Which type of rock is formed by magma?

A. igneous B. metamorphic
C. sedimentary D. lavatic

3. What makes magma different from lava?

A. the location B. the color
C. the composition D. the temperature

4. Which statement is TRUE about magma?

A. Typical magma temperatures exceed 10 000 0C.
B. Magma never contains dissolved gases.
C. Magma forms when rocks melt.
D. Magma always comes from the lower mantle.

5. Which of the following minerals is the most abundant mineral in ultramafic rocks?
A. amphibole B. sodium plagioclase
C. olivine D. quartz

6. Which type of magma is made up of 45 to 55 percent silica?

A. andesitic magma B. felsic magma
C. basaltic magma D. ultramafic magma

7. Which type of magma is the hottest and fastest flowing?

A. andesitic magma B. felsic magma
C. basaltic magma D. ultramafic magma

8. Which of the following is found in felsic magma?

A. dacite B. olivine
C. phosphate D. calcium

9. How many percent of silica is found in andesitic magma?

A. 45-55 % B. 55-65 %
C. 65-75 % D. 85-90 %

10. Which magma is formed when the Earth’s crust melts with seawater?
A. basaltic B. andesitic
C. felsic D. ultramafic

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 What’s More

Task 1. Lava Viscosity

Lava is molten rock that is erupted from a volcano. Some volcanoes erupt lava that is
very runny and can flow over large distances, but others produce lava that is very sticky and
can’t flow very far at all. The ‘stickiness’ of a liquid is known as its viscosity. The more
viscous a liquid is, the stickier it is and the slower it will flow down a slope.
Objective:
1. Understand the underlying concepts about viscosity.
2. Explain why volcanoes have different eruptions.

Procedure:
1. Using a ruler, draw a horizontal line at the top of your paper and label it 0cm - this will
be your start line.
2. Measure 25cm downward from this line and draw another horizontal line labelling it
25cm - this will be your finish line.
3. Stick your paper to your cutting board using masking tape and set up the board in a
catch tray as in the diagram opposite.
4. Choose your first liquid and spoon a tablespoon of it at the top of your paper on the
start line. At the same time start your stopwatch and measure how long it takes for the
liquid to reach the finish line.
5. Do this for all of your liquids and repeat each test 2 times so that you have 3
measurements for each liquid. Record your results in the table.

Materials
cutting board/ baking sheet
liquids of different viscosities
(e.g. water, oil, washing up liquid, chocolate sauce, honey)
support for cutting board (e.g. wooden block)
paper
catch tray to catch liquids
graph paper
stopwatch

Guide Questions:
1. Which of your liquids was the most viscous?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Which of your liquids was the least viscous?
___________________________________________________________________
3. When volcanoes erupt, they tend to either explode violently with huge clouds of ash
and gas or erupt gently with flowing rivers of red hot lava. Will a more or less viscous
lava cause an explosive eruption? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Plot your results below as a bar graph using the mean time taken on the y axis and the
type of liquid on the x axis.
5. Will a more or less viscous lava cause a gentle eruption?
___________________________________________________________________

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 13

OBSERVATION:

Liquid Time taken 1 Time taken 2 Time taken 3 Mean time

taken

What I Have Learned

1. The Earth’s interior is very hot because of __________________,

___________________ and ____________________.

2. Magma is a ________________________ from which igneous rock form.

3. Several interrelated physical properties determine the characteristics of magma this

includes _____________________, ________________________,
____________________ and _____________________.
4. Differentiate magma from lava.
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

TASK: Brochure Making/ Flyer Making

Instruction:
1. Create a brochure or a flyer using mobile application or a laptop.
2. A rubric will be used to assess your brochure/flyer.
3. The infographic material should include geologic hazards in your community.
Specifically, it must answer the following questions:
a. What are the geologic or environmental hazards in your locality?
b. How these hazards can be prevented?
c. What are the roles of the community in preventing these hazards to occur?
d. What hazard preparedness plan are there in your barangay?

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 Assessment

POST TEST

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Magma extruded at high temperatures tends to be __________.

A. Very fluid B. very explosive
C. Very viscous D. very messy

2. Magma with a high silica contents tends to __________.

A. Very hot B. very explosive
C. Very viscous D. very explosive

3. Magma with a large amount of dissolved gases tends to be __________.

A. Very viscous B. very fluid
C. Very explosive D. very messy

4. Which of these does not affect the viscosity of magma?

A. Silica content B. rocks
C. Temperature D. dust

5. Which of these is not a common gas in magma?

A. vapor B. methane
C. sulfur dioxide D. carbon dioxide

6. The asthenosphere is __________

A. the source of most magmas.
B. completely molten.
C. heated by the presence of magma.
D. all of these

7. What is a molten rock that has formed deep within the Earth?
A. hot spot B. lava
C. magma D. volcano

8. Which of these does NOT affect the temperature at which magma forms?
A. pressure B. water
C. composition of material D. viscosity

9. What is the most explosive type of magma?

A. andesitic B. felsic
C. basaltic D. ultramafic

10. Which type of magma has the lowest gas content?

A. andesitic B. felsic
C. basaltic D. ultramafic

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 15

B. Describe each of the following types of magma according to their properties or
characteristics.

Basaltic Andesitic Felsic Ultramafic

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 16

17 ELS 11/12 Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
What I Can Do
Task 1: Outputs may vary
Brochure/Flyer
making
What Is In
Activity 1: Boiling Answers may vary
Water
What’s New
Activity 1: Answers may vary Pretest
Cooking
1. A
Rice
2. A
Activity 2: Answers may vary 3. A
Coca-Cola 4. C
and Mentos 5. C
6. B
What Is It 7. D
Lesson Activity: Answers may vary 8. A
Boiling Mongo Beans 9. A
Activity 1: DIY Lava Answers may vary 10. A
Lamp
Posttest
Lesson 1: Assessment Lesson 2: Assessment A. Multiple Choice
1. B 1. A
2. C 2. A 1. C
3. A 3. A 2. C
4. D 4. D 3. C
5. C 5. C 4. B/D
6. A 6. C 5. B
7. A 7. C 6. D
8. B 8. A 7. C
9. D 9. B 8. D
10. C 10.A 9. D
10. B
What’s More B. types of magma
Task 1: Lava - Answers may vary
Flows
What I have Learned
Answer Key
References
Bayo-ang,R.B, Coronacion M.L.G., Jorda A. T., Moncada, M.N.M., Restubog,(2016), Earth
and Life Science for Senior High School. Quezon City. Educational Resources
Corporation.

Genuino, RM.G., Refran, JC., Tolentino, PL. M.,(2016), Earth and Life Science. Quezon
City. Vibal Group Inc.

Asuncion, B., Paraiso, R.,( 2018 ), Earth and Life Science. Makati City. Salinlahi Publishing
House, Inc.

MELC for Science

K to 12 Curriculum Guide for Science

Other Sources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0GT-C6BddA

https://youtu.be/rfbB8Hy-XbI.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2UFiKo0jQk

https://www.slideshare.net/pramodgpramod/evolution-of-magma-83659717

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/pdfs/volcano_worksheet.pdf

https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/~/media/shared/documents/education%20and%20careers/Re
sources/Presentations%20and%20activity%20sheets/Volcanoes/Lava%20flow%20activity%
20sheet%20KS2.pdf?la=en

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 18

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module ELS 11/12 19