Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms.

Kow /邱老师

Chapter 5: Progression
6. The 6th term and the 16th term of an
Arithmetic Progression (A. P.) Arithmetic progression are 25 and 85
= number sequence in addition respectively. Find the 20th term.
a = first term
d = common difference H/W : 7. The 6th term of an A.P. is 6.1 and the
l = last term common difference of the A.P. is -0.3. Find …
Tn = nth term
Sn = sum of the first n terms (a) the 1st term

Important formulas (b) the 20th term

1) d = Tn – Tn-1
8. If x+3, 2x-3 and x-5 are three continuous
2) Tn = a + (n - 1)d terms of an arithmetic progression. Find ….

3) Sn =
n
2a + (n − 1)d  or (a) value of x,
2
(b) hence, find the following two terms.
4) Sn =
n
a + l 
2
9. Find the number of terms in the following
Ex. 1: AP, The n th
term, Tn arithmetic progressions …
(a) -11, -7, -3, ……. , 125
1. Find the 10th term of the following
arithmetic progression H/W: (b) 2.3, 2.1, 1.9, ……. , -1.7
(a) -3, 0, 3, 6, …….
(c) 3y, -y, -5y, ……. , -65y
H/W : (b) -8, -14, -20, ….
10. Find the number of 7 multiples in
2. Find the 16th term of the arithmetic between 200 and 300.
progression below.
2 5 7 11. Find the number of odd numbers in
(a) , ,1, ,.....
3 6 6 between 120 and 350.

H/W : (b) 8.5, 8.1, 7.7, 7.3, ….. Answer:

1. (a) T10 = 24 (b) T10 = -62
th
3. The 12 term in the following A.P. is -19. 19
2. (a) T16 = (b) T16 = 2.5
q-3, q-6, q-9, …. Find, 6
(a) value of q, 3. (a) 17 (b) -37 4. (a) Tn = 3 – 2n (b) -37
1 41
5. (a) Tn = (2n + 1) (b) 6. 109
(b) the 18th term. 6 6
7. (a) 7.6 (b) 1.9 8. (a) x = 2, (b) -7, -11
H/W: 4. Arithmetic progression as below 9. (a) 35 (b) 21(c) 18 10. 14 11. 115

1, -1, -3, ….. Ex 2: A.P., Sum of the first n terms, Sn

th
(a) find the n term,
(b) Find the 20th term. 1. Find the sum of terms in the following A.P.

(a) -7, -2, 3, 8, …. up to first 30 terms

5. Arithmetic progression
1 5 7 1 1 1
, , ,..... (b) ,0,− ,− ,... up to first 10 term
2 6 6 6 6 3
(a) find the nth term,
H/W: (c) 6.6, 6.9, 7.2, 7.5, …. up to first 15
(b) Find the 20th term. terms

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Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow /邱老师

(b) therefore, find the sum of 10 continuous

H/W: (d) -15, -17, -19, …. , -101 terms starting from the 12th term.

H/W: (e) 7.2, 7.0, 6.8, 6.6, …., 0 11. A.P. : 15, 12, 9, 6 ….. Find the number of
terms in the A.P so that the sum of terms is
2. Given that the 7th terms in an A.P. is -19 ; -1539.
the sum of 2nd term and the 6th term is 16. If
the last term of the A.P. is -55, find the 12. A circle is divided into 10 sectors which
number of terms in the A.P. {tips: simulteneous } each sector’s angle forms an arithmetic
progression. If the 1st angle, the largest
3. Find the sum of all even numbers between sector’s angle is 63o, find
201 and 401.
(a) the smallest sector’s angle,
4. Find the sum of all multiple of 11 in between (b) the common difference,
1 and 500.
(c) total of 8 smallest angles.
5. (H/W) The sum of first 8 terms in an A.P.
is -36. The sum of first 18 terms in the same 13. A farmer has 240 cows at the 1st week.
A.P. is equal to 9. Find the sum of first 12 Starting next week, he will sell 3 cows each
terms in the same A.P. {tips: simulteneous } week.

Progression using specific formula given in the question. (a) At which week, will he have 150 cows left?

6. The sum of first n terms in an A.P. , Sn is

(b) The farmer spends RM1.50 per week to
given by Sn = 2n2 – 23n. If the sum of first k
feed the each cow. Find the total expenses for
terms is -11, find the value of k.
{tips: change n → k }
the cows until he has 150 cows left.

14. A wire with length 136  cm is cut to make

7. The sum of first n terms of an A.P., Sn is
8 circles as shown. Diameter of the circle is
given by Sn = 2n2 – 7n. Find
different by 1 cm from the circle next to it. ]
(a) the sum of first 12 terms,

(b) the 12th term. { tips: Tn = Sn – Sn-1 }

8. (H/W) Sn of an A.P. is given by Sn =

Find
n
(21 − 5n ) . Find (a) the diameter of the biggest circle,
2
(a) the first term, (b) number of circles that can be formed if
the original length of the wire is 280  cm .
(b) value of k, if the sum of first k terms is
{ tips: use formula to factorise }
-108 ]
15. [ Diagram
9. Sn of an A.P. is given by ….
shows 3 right-
3 2 5 angle triangles
Sn = n + n. Find,]
2 2 with same base
length but
(a) the nth term, Tn,
their height
(b) the 8th term, reduces by 2
(c) difference between the sum of first 4 units each.
terms and the sum of the following four terms.
(a) Show that the area of the triangle forms
an arithmetic progression.
10. In a A.P., Tn is given by Tn = 3n + 2.

(a) Find Sn, the sum of first nth terms. (b) Given that the sum of first 5 triangles is
240 units2. Find the area of the 1st triangle.

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Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow /邱老师

Write the recurring decimal numbers as a

(c) Find the total area of all triangles formed.
single fraction in its lowest term.
16. (a) 0. 5̇
= 0.5555…
= 0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + …
= 0.5 + (0.5 x 0.1) + (0.5 x 0.1 x 0.1) + ….
= it is G.P. with a = 0.5 and r = 0.1
(a) Diagram shows a few circles with its radius a
S =
increases by 1 unit continuously. Show that the 1− r
circumference of the circles forms a 0 .5 0. 5 5
arithmetic progression, but not the area of 0. 5̇ = = =
1 − 0.1 0.9 9
the circles.
(b) Therefore, find the total circumference of (b) 1. 0̇6̇
the first 5 circles. = 1.06060606 ….
= 1 + 0.06 + 0.0006 + 0.000006 + ….
Answer: = 1 + 0.06 + (0.06x0.01) + (0.06x0.01x0.01) + ….
35 = 1 + { G.P. with a = 0.06 and r = 0.01 }
1. (a) 1965 (b) − (c) 130.5
0.06 a
6 =1+{ }  use S =
(d) -2552 (e) 133.2 2. 11 3. 30100 1 − 0.01 1− r
4. 11385 5. -30 6. k= 11 7. (a) 204 2 2
7. (b) 39 8. (a) 8 8. (b) k = 9 = 1 + { }=1
9. (a) Tn = 3n + 1 (b) 25 (c) 48
33 33
10. (a) Sn = n (3n + 7 ) (b) 515 11. 38
2 Ex. 3: G P ( The nth term, Tn)
12. (a) 9o (b)-6o (c)240o
1. Find the 10th term for each G.P. below.
13. (a) 31 (b) RM9067.50
(a) 27, -9, 3, -1, ……
14. (a) 20.5 (b) 10
(15)(b) 64 units2 (c) 288 units2 H/W : (b) 2.4, 1.2, 0.6, 0.3, ……
16. 10  (r + 2) units 27 9 3
(c) , , , 1, …..
8 4 2
Geometry Progressions (G. P.)
= number sequence in multiplication
2. (a) Find the nth term for G.P.
r = common ratio 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, …..

Important formulas (b) therefore, find the 9th term in this G.P.
Tn T3
1) r= , e.g. : r=
Tn−1 T2 3. (H/W) Given that the 4th term and the 8th
2) Tn = arn-1 1
term in a G.P. are and 8 respectively. Find
3) Tn = Sn – Sn-1 2
4) S n =
(
a r n −1 )
,r>1 or
the 10th term if the common ratio of this G.P.
r −1 is positive.

5) S n =
(
a 1− r n )
,r<1 4. In a G.P., the 4th term and the 7th term are
1− r 27 729
and respectively. List the first 3
6) As n approaches infinity (or very big) ; 8 64
n →  and -1 < r < 1, therefore: terms in this G.P.
a
S =
1− r 5. In a G.P., the 1st term is more than the 2nd
term by 28; and the 3rd term is more than the
7) Recurring decimal numbers
2nd term by 21.
0. 4̇ = 0.44444 …..
0. 1̇5̇ = 0.151515…… (a) Find the 1st term and the common ratio for
this G.P. ]
Examples
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Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow /邱老师

(b) Then, find the 4th term of this G.P. term of this G.P. Then, find the sum of first
7 terms in this G.P. ]
6. In a G.P. the sum of the 1st term and the
3rd term is 5; the sum of the 2nd term and the 3. The sum of first n terms of a G.P. , Sn is
5 ( 2 2 n +1 ) − 2
4th term is − . Find the common ratio. define as Sn = . Given that the
2 5
sum of first k terms in the G.P. is 1638, find
7. Given that x, x+6 and 2x+3 are the first
the value of k.
three terms of a G.P. Given that all the three
terms are positive, find Then, find the sum of three terms after the
(a) value of x, kth term.

(b) common ratio.

4. For each of the G.P. below, find the
sum of first n terms when n increases to
8. Find the number of terms in each G.P.
approach infinity.
below.
1 1 1 (a) 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, ...
(a) , − , .... , -729
27 9 3
9 9 9
11 (b) , , , …….
H/W: (b) 144, 108, 81, …… , 34 10 100 1000
64
Answer 5. In a G.P., the sum of first n terms when n
1(a) − 1 (b) 0.0046875 (c)
64 approaches infinity is 12. Given that the
729 729 1
2. (a) Tn = 0.2(2)n+1 , (b) 204.8 common ratio is . Find the first term of the
3
3 9 G.P., then list down 3 first term of the G.P.
3. 32 4. 1, ,
2 4
3 27 6. A G.P. having 2.4 as the 1st term and the
5. 16, − , −
sum of terms when n increases to infinity is 3.
4 4
1 Find the common ratio of the G.P.
3
6. − 7. (a) x = 12 (b)
2 2 Then, find the sum of first 5 terms. ]
8. (a) 10 (b) 6
7. (H/W) In a G P., the sum of first n terms
1
Ex. 4: G. P. (Sum of first nth terms, Sn) when n increases to infinity is and the 2nd
3
1
1. Find the sum of terms for the following G.P. term is − . List the first 3 terms of the
1 4
(a) 2, 1, , ... up to 7 terms G.P.
2
1 1 1 8. Write each of the following recurring
H/W: (b) − , , − …… up to 6 terms decimals as a single fraction in its lowest term.
81 27 9
(a) 0.0202020... (b) 0.01̇8̇ (H/W)
H/W: (c) -512, -256, -128, …..., -8

(c) 0.7777777…. (d) 1.05̇0̇0̇

9
(d) 4, 6, 9, …….. , 45 (H/W)
16
(e) 3.242424 ….. (f) 1.126126126…
1 (H/W)
2. The sum of first 5 terms in a G.P. is 70 ;
3
9. The sum of first 2 terms in a G.P. is 300
2
and the common ratio is . Find the first and the sum of the 2 following terms is 75.
3 Find …

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Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow /邱老师

(a) common ratio, 7 50

2
(8) (a) 99 (b) 55
1
(c) 9 (d) 1 999 (e)
(b) the 6th term, if the common ratio is
positive 3 338 (f)
14
1 111

10. Sum of three terms in a G.P. is 316

2
and
(9) (a)  1 25
2 (b) 4
3 800
the 2nd term is 100. If the common ratio is (10) (a) 27 (b) 450
less than 1, find (11) (a)RM200(1.1)n (b) RM519
(12)40000kg (a)20 years (c) 35137kg (c)12.16%
(a) the 5th term,
(b) sum of n terms when n increases to Extra Questions
infinity. 1. (a) All the marbles are taken out from a
bottle and arranged in 20 rows. The
11. Each year, the price of goods increases by arrangement of marbles follows an arithmetic
10% from the price a year before it. If the progression.
original price of a radio was RM200,

(a) write the price of the radio after n years The total number of marbles in the first 10
(in term of n). rows is 165 and the total number of marbles in
the last 10 rows is 465. Calculate the number of
(b) then, find its price after 10 years. marbles in the first row and the common
difference between the consecutive rows.
12. (a) Metal X is being extracted from its ore
from a mine. In the 1st year, the ore produced (b) A student has prepared some cards
4000kg of metal X. But in the following years, labelled with numbers from 20 to 90.
metal X production reduces by 10% each year
from the year before. (i) Find the sum of all the cards.

Find the maximum mass of metal X that can be (ii) The student then removes the numbers
extracted if the mining activity were continue that is divisible by 4. Find the sum of
for a very long time, until there is no more cards which is not be divisible by 4.
metal X.
(c) The income of a trader for the first 14
(b) Due to economy of scale, the mining days in January follows an arithmetic
activity will be stopped if the production is progression with RM100 on the first day,
less that 500kg a year. Find RM120 on the second day and so on. Find

(a) number of years of mining activity. (i) the income on the 14th day,

(b) total mass of metal produce (ii) the total income during the 14 days.

(c) percentage of metal X not produced (d) The income of En. Azlan over a period of
14 months follows an arithmetic progression
Answer
with RM1000 in the first month, RM1400 in
31 182 11 the second month, RM1800 in the third
(1) (a) 3 32 (b) 81 (c) -1016 (d) 128 16
month and so on. His total income during this
2059 period is the same as the total income of Mr.
(2) 27, 27 (3) k = 6, 103219.2 (4) (a) 10 (b) 1 Manaf over a period of n months. Mr Manaf
8 8 obtains an income of RM5600 in the first
(5) 8; 8, 3 , 9 (6) 0.2, 2.99904
month, RM5800 in the second month,
(7) 2 , − 4 , 8 RM6000 in the third month and so on until
1 1 1
the n th month. Find the value of n.

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Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow /邱老师

(e) In an arithmetic progression, the first (i) Calculate his monthly salary after 10
term is 3 and the common difference is 5. years.
Find the least number of terms such that
its sum is more than 198. (ii) In how many years will his monthly
salary be at least tripled for the first time?
(f) An arithmetic progression is given by 15,
17, 19, .... Given that the sum of the first (d) A few pieces of ribbon is joined to form
3n terms of the progression is twice the a ribbon. It forms a geometric series, in cm,
sum of its first 2n terms. Find the value of 1.5 + 3 + 6 + 12 + .... Find the number of
n. pieces of ribbon used such that the length
of the last piece of ribbon is not more than
2. Determine whether the following sequence 1000 cm. Hence, calculate the total length,
is a geometric progression. Give your reason. in cm, of the ribbon.

(a) a2, 3a 4, 9a 6, ...

5. The diagram shows a circle which is divided
into 9 sectors. The angles of the sectors forms
(b) log10 X , log10 X2 , log10 X
4
……..
an arithmetic progression with the first sector
of 4°. Calculate
3. (a) Find the middle term of the geometric
progression x 3 , x 6 , x 9 , ... , x 39 .

(b) If a, b and c are three consecutive terms

of a geometric progression, show that log 10
a, log 10 b and log 10 c are the three
consecutive terms of an arithmetic
progression.

4. Solve each of the following problems.

(a) En. Ahmad bought a car for RM150 000 (a) the common difference,
in the year 2002. The resale price of the car
follows a geometric progression as shown in (b) the angle of the largest sector.
the table below. Calculate
6. Rais has been offered a job in two companies,
Year 2002 2003 2004 A and B. Company A offers him an income of
Price (RM) 150 142 135 RM39 600 per annum with 5% yearly increment
000 500 375 while company B offers an income of RM34 800
per annum with 8% yearly increment.
(i) the car resale price in the year 2010,
(a) Which company offers him a higher total
(ii) the least value of n for the resale price income if he works for 10 years?
of the car in the n th year that is less than
RM90 000. (b) While working in the company, he decides to
save 15% of his annual income in a bank.
(b) The daily savings of Daniel follows a Calculate the amount he saves in the bank after
geometric progression. The first day of his 10 years without including the interest from
savings is RM0.40 and the sum of his savings the bank.
for the first three days is RM2.80. Find his
savings for the fifth day. 7. Determine the minimum number of months
required by Jason to settle a debt of
(c) Shah works in a firm with a starting RM6625 if he pays a monthly instalment of
salary of RM3 000 per month and an annual RM10 on the first month, RM15 on the
increment of 8%.

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Add. Maths. Form 4 Chap 5: Janjang [ Progression] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow /邱老师

second month, RM20 on the third month and three consecutive terms of a geometric
so on. progression, calculate
What is the amount of instalment he paid in
the last month? (a) the common ratio and the length of the
shortest side,

8. The n th term of an arithmetic progression (b) perimeter of the polygon, in cm.

is x and the 2n th term is y. Find the 3n th term.

9. A roll of wire is cut into n sections. The

length of each section follows a geometric
progression. Given that the length of the
sixth section of the wire is 27 times the
length of the third section of the wire.

(a) Calculate the common ratio.

(b) If the total length of the wire is 59048

cm and the length of first section is 2 cm, 13. Given a pola number : 3,
5 7 9
, 4 , 8 … ..
calculate 2
this number pattern is not arithmetic
progression nor geometric progression, but it
(i) the number of sections, n, being cut,
is a number pattern called geometric-
(ii) the length, in cm, of the longest section. arithmetic progression. The above series
number can also be written as :
10.
3, [ 3 + (1)2]( ½ )1 , [ 3 + (2)2]( ½ )2 ,
[ 3 + (3)2]( ½ )3 , [ 3 + (4)2] ( ½ )4 , …..

Write the above number series in terms of a,

d, n and r.

The diagram shows the arrangement of a few

Answer:
cones having the same base radius, 4 cm. The 1) a) a = 3, d = 3 b) i) 3905 (ii) 2933
height of the first cone is 3 cm and the height c) i) RM360 (ii) 3220 d) 8 e) 9 f) 14
of each subsequent cone increases by 3 cm. 2) a) Yes, the ratio are the same.
(b) Yes, the ratio are the same
(a) Calculate the volume of the 15 th cone in 3) (a) T7 = x21
terms of π. 4) a) (i) T 9 ≈ RM99 513
(4) (ii) n > 10.96 → n = 11 years b) RM6.40
4. (c) (i) RM 6476.80 (ii) 16 years
(b) Given that the total volume of the first n
(d) n = 10, S10 = 1534.5
cones is 880𝜋 cm 3, find the value of n.
5) a) 9 (b) 76o
6) (a) Company B (b) RM75 619.90
11. The 4 th, 8 th and 16 th term of an arithmetic 7) 50 months, RM255
progression forms three consecutive terms of 8) do until you get nd = y-x, then T3n = 2y – x
a geometric progression. Show that the 3rd, 9) a) 3 (b) (i) 10 (ii) 39 366 cm
6 th and 12 th terms of the same arithmetic 10) a) 240π cm3 (b) 10
progression also form three consecutive 11) tips: both r are equal, expend until you get a = d.
terms of a geometric progression. Next proof both r are the same for 2nd set.
12) a) r = 3, a = 3 (b) 195 cm
13) a, [ a + (n-1)d]( r )2-1 , [ a + (3-1)2]( ½ )2 ,
12. The diagram shows a polygon with 13 sides. [ a + (4-1)2]( ½ )3 , [ a + (5-1)2] (½)4 , …..
The length of each consecutive side follows
an arithmetic progression with a common a = 3, n = 1,2 3, 4 …. d=2,r=½
Tn = [a + (n-1)d]( r )n-1
difference of 2 cm. If the length of the 1st,
4 t h and 13 th sides of the polygon also form
7