5 Simplification

Numerical Expressions
A combination of numbers connected by one or more of the symbols +, –, ×, ÷ and of, is called a numerical
expression.
Thus, (i) 15 + 8 ÷ 4 – 6 (ii) 16 – 4 × 3 + 8 ÷ 2
are examples of numerical expressions.
On performing the operations involved in an expression, we obtain a value of the expression.
Performing these operations is called the simplification of the expression.

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In order to get a unique value of a given expression, we have to perform the operations strictly in a definite
order given below:

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(i) Division (ii) Multiplication (iii) Addition (iv) Subtraction

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Be careful, we cannot change the order of these operations.
Remember the word ‘DMAS’, where
D stands for Division;
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M stands for Multiplication;
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A stands for Addition; S stands for Subtraction.

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d

Solved Examples
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Example 1: Simplify: 60 – 48 ÷ 6 × 4 + 8.
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Solution: We have:
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60 – 48 ÷ 6 × 4 + 8 = 60 – 8 × 4 + 8 [÷ simplified]
S

= 60 – 32 + 8 [× simplified]
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= 68 – 32 [+ simplified]
= 36. [– simplified]
Example 2: Simplify: 39 – 16 +18 × 9 ÷ 3.
Solution: We have:
39 – 16 + 18 × 9 ÷ 3 = 39 – 16 + 18 × 3 [÷ simplified]
= 39 – 16 + 54 [× simplified]
= 39 + 54 – 16
= 93 – 16 [+ simplified]
= 77. [– simplified]

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 Example 3. Simplify: 100 – 56 ÷ 7 + 15 × 2.
Solution: We have:
100 – 56 ÷ 7 + 15 × 2 = 100 – 8 + 15 × 2 [÷ simplified]
= 100 – 8 + 30 [× simplified]
= 100 + 30 – 8
= 130 – 8 [+ simplified]
= 122. [– simplified]

Exercise 15

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Simplify:

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1. 12 + 9 ÷ 3   2. 16 × 8 ÷ 4   3. 23 – 8 × 2

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4. 32 ÷ 8 + 4 × 6 – 2   5. 100 – 72 ÷ 8 + 4 × 3   6. 30 + 75 ÷ 15 × 4 – 18

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7. 8 × 6 + 24 ÷ 6 – 18   8. 56 – 36 ÷ 4 × 2 + 7   9. 56 ÷ 14 × 3 – 10 ÷ 5 + 1
10. 198 – 42 × 15 ÷ 5 + 6 11. 105 × 14 ÷ 7 + 6 – 1 12. 17 + 34 ÷ 17 × 5 – 20
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Use of Brackets
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We know that the grouping symbols called brackets are used to separate various parts of an expression.
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There are four kinds of brackets:

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(i) Bar or Vinculum —

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(ii) Round brackets or Small brackets ( )

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(iii) Curly brackets or Braces { }

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(iv) Square brackets or Big brackets [ ]

S

While simplifying expressions having brackets, the terms in brackets are taken as independent units. We
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solve them separately.

The order of working with brackets is given below:
(i) Bar (ii) Small brackets
(iii) Curly brackets (iv) Big brackets
To simplify expressions involving brackets, we must proceed in the order of the letters of the word,
‘BODMAS’.
Here, B, O, D, M, A, S stand for Bracket, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction respectively.
Note: In the absence of any sign before a bracket, we take the sign as multiplication.

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 Assessment 4
QUESTION BAG 1
(Objective Type Questions)
Tick (ü) the correct answer.
1. Which of the following operations is performed first in simplifying a numerical expression?
(a) + (b) – (c) × (d) ÷
2. 8 × 8 – 8 = ..........
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 56 (d) 64
3. 100 ÷ 10 + 10 × 10 = ..........
(a) 1 (b) 50 (c) 110 (d) 200
4. Which of the following types of brackets is simplified first?
(a) Bar (b) Round bracket (c) Curly bracket (d) Square bracket
5. 49 ÷ 7 × 7 + 5 × 3 – 2 = ..........

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(a) 6 (b) 14 (c) 54 (d) 62

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6. 63 ÷ 9 + 12 × 4 – 5 = ..........

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(a) 7 (b) 23 (c) 50 (d) 71

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7. 100 × 10 – 100 + 2000 ÷ 100 = ..........
(a) 29 (b) 780 pa
(c) 920 (d) 979
8. 5751 × {45 – (90 ÷ 2)} = ..........
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(a) 0 (b) 639 (c) 5751 (d) None of these

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QUESTION BAG 2
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1. Fill in the blanks.

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(a) 5 – 6 + 3 = (b) 3 × 8 ÷ 4 =
(c) 6 + 6 – 6 ÷ 6 × 6 = (d) 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 ÷ 4 =
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(e) 100 + 50 × 2 = (f) 80 + 800 ÷ 8 =

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(g) 15 × 5 – 60 ÷ 15 = (h) 16 + 8 ÷ 4 – 2 × 3 =
S

(i) 21 ÷ 7 + 16 – 5 × 3 = (j) 5 × 50 + 57 – 57 ÷ 57 =
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2. Simplify:
(a) 289 + 153 ÷ 17 – 8 × 19 (b) 7614 + 832 × 48 ÷ 16 – 8
(c) 7823 – 128 ÷ 16 of 4 – 3973 (d) 80 + [20 × {20 – (10 ÷ 5)}]
(e) [{64 – (12 + 13)} ÷ 3] + 15 (f) 10 × 10 + [400 ÷ {100 – (50 – 3 × 10)}]
3. State whether each of the following statements is true or false.
(a) 8 × 9 ÷ 9 = (8 × 9) ÷ 9 ...................
(b) In simplification, we simplify ‘of’ before multiplication. ...................
(c) 15 × 2 + 120 ÷ 20 – 8 < 15 × 2 + 120 ÷ (20 – 8) ...................
(d) 45 ÷ 3 × 5 = 45 ÷ (3 × 5) ...................
(e) 26 – 3 × 8 ÷ 4 = 26 – (3 × 8) ÷ 4 ...................

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New Composite Mathematics 5

 2. (a) 1344216 (b) 7465165
3. (a) 63500 (b) 10000 (c) 850000 (d) 650000 (e) 2000 (f) 72000
(g) 1200000 (h) 0 (i) 1 (j) 52000 (k) 12000000 (l) 1
(m) 0 (n) 2657
4. 9989001 5. 3444066 6. 1710465 7. 529134 8. 745 9. 238
10. 266 kg, 15694 kg 11. 31757818 12. ` 6590400 13. 99975 14. 269, 36 15. 635580
16. 317584
Exercise 15
1. 15 2. 32 3. 7 4. 26 5. 103 6. 32
7. 34 8. 45 9. 11 10. 78 11. 215 12. 7
Exercise 16
1. 17 2. 12 3. 18 4. 16 5. 60 6. 8
7. 4 8. 3

ASSESSMENT 4

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Question bag 1

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1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c)
7. (c) 8. (a)

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Question bag 2
1. (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d) 13 (e) 200 (f) 180

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(g) 71 (h) 12 (i) 4 (j) 306
2. (a) 146 (b) 10102 (c) 3848 (d) 440 (e) 28 (f) 105
3. (a) True (b) True (c) True (d) pa
False (e) True
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Exercise 17
1. (a) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 (b) 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66 (c) 19, 38, 57, 76, 95, 114 (d) 21, 42, 63, 84, 105, 126
(e) 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150
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2. (a) 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 (b) 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 (c) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 (d) 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45

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(e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60

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3. (a), (b), (d), (e), (f) 4. (a), (c), (d), (f), (g) 5. (b), (c), (f), (h) 6. (a), (b), (d), (e), (g)
7. (a), (c), (e), (g) 8. (a), (b), (d), (f), (g) 9. (b), (d), (e), (f), (h) 10. (a), (d), (e), (f), (h)
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11. (b), (c) 12. (a), (b), (e), (f), (h)

13. (a) Odd (b) Even (c) Odd (d) Odd (e) Even (f) Even
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(g) Even (h) Odd

14. (a) 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86 (b) 520, 522, 524, 526, 528, 530
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15. (a) 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79 (b) 625, 627, 629, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639
S

Exercise 18
1. 11, 67, 19, 83, 89 2. 51, 87, 81, 78, 93 3. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
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4. 53, 59, 61, 67, 71,73, 79, 83, 89, 97 5. (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19), (29, 31), (41, 43) 6. 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96
7. (5, 7), (5, 9), (7, 11), (21, 25) [answer may vary]
8. (a) 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 (b) 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 (c) 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 (d) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 (e) 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 13
9. (a) 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 (b) 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 (c) 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 (d) 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 (e) 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
10. (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19) [answer may vary]
11. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 (e) 1 (f) 2   (g) 97
Exercise 19
1. (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 4 (e) 7 (f) 4
2. (a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 15 (e) 26 (f) 36
(g) 14 (h) 6 (i) 24
3. (a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 21 (d) 28 (e) 36 (f) 7
4. (a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 55 (d) 16 (e) 14 (f) 12
5. (a) 24 (b) 27 (c) 24 (d) 36 (e) 115 (f) 55
6. (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 15 (d) 41

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