Top 30 SQL Query Interview Questions

Shiksha Online
Updated on Sep 19, 2023 17:55 IST
Structured Query Language or most commonly known as SQL is used on a daily
basis to handle, manipulate and analyze relational databases.

So, it is very important for all of us to understand how to write queries in SQL to
generate meaningful insights. This article will cover the top 30 SQL query interview
questions which you must practice before attending an interview. In this article, I am
going to consider the following tables to explain to you the most asked SQL query
interview questions.

Patients T able

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 Patient Patient Postal
Sex Age Address State Country RegDate
ID Name Code

Flat no 201,
Vasavi
01 Sheela F 23 500023 T elangana India 03/03/2020
Heights,
Yakutapura

Building no
02 Rehan M 21 560063 Karnataka India 13/11/2020
2, Yelahanka

H No 1,
03 Anay M 56 132140 Haryana India 12/12/2021
Panipat

House no
04 Mahira F 42 12, 382421 Gujarat India 28/01/2022
Gandhinagar

Sunf lower
05 Nishant M 12 Heights, 400080 Maharashtra India 05/01/2022
T hane

PatientsCheckup T able

Patient ID BP Weight Consultation Fees

01 121/80 67 300

02 142/76 78 400

03 151/75 55 300

04 160/81 61 550

05 143/67 78 700

Top SQL Interview Questions(Query)

Let us get started with the top interview questions about SQL.

Q1. Writ e an SQL query t o f et ch t he current dat e-t ime f rom t he syst em.

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T O f et ch t he CURRENT DAT E IN SQL Server

SELECT GET DAT E();
T O f et ch t he CURRENT DAT E IN MYSQL
SELECT NOW();
T O f et ch t he CURRENT DAT E IN Oracle
SELECT SYSDAT E FROM DUAL();

Q2. Writ e a SQL query t o f et ch t he Pat ient Name in uppercase and st at e as

lowercase. Also use t he ALIAS name f or t he result -set as Pat Name and
NewSt at e.

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T O f et ch t he CURRENT DAT E IN SQL Server

SELECT GET DAT E();
T O f et ch t he CURRENT DAT E IN MYSQL
SELECT NOW();
T O f et ch t he CURRENT DAT E IN Oracle
SELECT SYSDAT E FROM DUAL();

Q3. Find t he Nt h highest consult at ion f ees f rom t he Pat ient sCheckup t able
wit h and wit hout using t he TOP/LIMIT keywords.

Nth highest consultation fees from the PatientsCheckup table with using the TOP
keywords

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SELECT T OP 1 Consult at ionFees

FROM(
SELECT T OP N Consult at ionFees
FROM Pat ient sCheckup
ORDER BY Consult at ionFees DESC) AS FEES
ORDER BY Consult at ionFees ASC;

The Nth highest consultation fees from the PatientsCheckup table using the LIMIT
keywords.

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SELECT Consult at ionFees

FROM Pat ient sCheckup
ORDER BY Consult at ionFees DESC LIMIT N-1,1;

Nth highest consultation fees from the PatientsCheckup table without using the
TOP/LIMIT keywords.

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SELECT Consult at ionFees

FROM Pat ient sCheckup F1
WHERE N-1 = (
SELECT COUNT ( DIST INCT ( F2.Consult at ionFees ) )
FROM Pat ient sCheckup F2
WHERE F2.Consult at ionFees > F1.Consult at ionFees );

Q4. Writ e a query t o f et ch t op N records using t he TOP/LIMIT, ordered by

Consult at ionFees.

TOP Command – SQL Server

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SELECT T OP N * FROM Pat ient sCheckup ORDER BY Consult at ionFees DESC;

LIMIT Command - MySQL

SELECT * FROM Pat ient sCheckup ORDER BY Consult at ionFees DESC LIMIT N;

Q5. Writ e a SQL query t o creat e a t able where t he st ruct ure is copied f rom
ot her t able.

Create an Empty T able

Create a table consisting data

To create an Empty table

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CREAT E T ABLE NewPat ient sT able

SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE 1=0;

Create a table consisting of data

Using SELECT command

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SELECT * INT O NewPat ient sT able FROM Pat ient s WHERE 1 = 0;

Using CREAT E command in MySQL

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CREAT E T ABLE NewPat ient sT able AS SELECT * FROM Pat ient s;

Q6. Writ e a query t o f et ch even and odd rows f rom a t able.

If you have an auto-increment field like PatientID then you can use the MOD()
function:

Fetch even rows using MOD() function:

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE MOD(Pat ient ID,2)=0;

Fetch odd rows using MOD() function:

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE MOD(Pat ient ID,2)=1;

In case there are no auto-increment fields then you can use the Row_number in
SQL Server or a user-defined variable in MySQL. Then, check the remainder when
divided by 2.

Fetch even rows in SQL Server

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SELECT * FROM (
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Pat ient Id) AS RowNumber
FROM Pat ient s
)P
WHERE P.RowNumber % 2 = 0;

Fetch even rows in SQL Server

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SELECT * FROM (
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Pat ient Id) AS RowNumber
FROM Pat ient s
)P
WHERE P.RowNumber % 2 = 0;

Fet ch even rows in MySQL

SELECT * FROM (
SELECT *, @rowNumber := @rowNumber+ 1 rn
FROM Pat ient s
JOIN (SELECT @rowNumber:= 0) r
)p
WHERE rn % 2 = 0;

In case you wish to find the odd rows, then the remainder when divided by 2 should
be 1.

Q7. Writ e an SQL query t o f et ch duplicat e records f rom Pat ient s, wit hout
considering t he primary key.

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SELECT Pat ient Name, Doct orID, RegDat e, St at e, COUNT (*)

FROM Pat ient s
GROUP BY Pat ient Name, Doct orID, RegDat e, St at e
HAVING COUNT (*) > 1;

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Q8. Writ e a query t o f et ch t he number of pat ient s whose weight is great er
t han 68.

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SELECT COUNT (*) FROM Pat ient sCheckup WHERE Weight > '68';

Q9. Writ e a query t o ret rieve t he list of pat ient s f rom t he same st at e.

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SELECT DIST INCT P.Pat ient ID, P.Pat ient Name, P.St at e
FROM Pat ient s P, Pat ient P1
WHERE P.St at e = P1.St at e AND P.Pat ient ID != P1.Pat ient ID;

Q10. Writ e a query t o ret rieve t wo minimum and maximum consult at ion f ees
f rom t he Pat ient sCheckup Table.

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– T WO MINIMUM CONSULT AT ION FEES

SELECT DIST INCT Consult at ionFees FROM Pat ient sCheckup P1
WHERE 2 >= (SELECT COUNT (DIST INCT Consult at ionFees)FROM Pat ient sCheckup P2
WHERE P1.Consult at ionFees >= P2.Consult at ionFees) ORDER BY P1.SConsult at ionFees

– T WO MAXIMUM CONSULT AT ION FEES

SELECT DIST INCT Consult at ionFees FROM Pat ient sCheckup P1
WHERE 2 >= (SELECT COUNT (DIST INCT Consult at ionFees)FROM Pat ient sCheckup P2
WHERE P1.Consult at ionFees <= P2.Consult at ionFees) ORDER BY P1.Consult at ionFees

Q11. Writ e a query t o f et ch pat ient det ails along wit h t he weight f ees, even if
t he det ails are missing.

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SELECT P.Pat ient Name, C.Consult at ionFees

FROM Pat ient s P
LEFT JOIN
Pat ient sCheckup C
ON P.Pat ient Id = C.Pat ient Id;

Q12. Writ e a SQL query t o f et ch doct or wise count of pat ient s sort ed by t he
doct ors.

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SELECT Doct orID, COUNT (Pat ient ID) AS DocPat

FROM Pat ient s GROUP BY Doct orID
ORDER BY DocPat ;

Q13. Writ e a SQL query t o f et ch t he f irst and last record of t he Pat ient s t able.

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–FET CH FIRST RECORD

SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE Pat ient ID = (SELECT MIN(Pat ient ID) FROM Pat ient s

–FET CH LAST RECORD

SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE Pat ient ID = (SELECT MAX(Pat ient ID) FROM Pat ient s

Q14. Writ e a SQL query t o f et ch consult at ion f ees – wise count and sort t hem
in descending order.

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SELECT Consult at ionFees, COUNT (Pat ient Id) CFCount

FROM Pat ient sCheckup
GROUP BY Consult at ionFees
ORDER BY CFCount DESC;

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Q15. Writ e a SQL query t o ret rieve pat ient det ails f rom t he Pat ient s t able who
have a weight in t he Pat ient sCheckup t able.

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s P

WHERE EXIST S
(SELECT * FROM Pat ient sCheckup C WHERE P.Pat ient ID = C.Pat ient ID);

Q16. Writ e a SQL query t o ret rieve t he last 2 records f rom t he Pat ient s t able.

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE

Pat ient ID <=2 UNION SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM Pat ient s P ORDER BY P.Pat ient ID DESC)
AS P1 WHERE P1.Pat ient ID <=2;

Q17. Writ e a SQL query t o f ind all t he pat ient s who joined in t he year 2022.

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–USING BET WEEN

SELECT * FROM Pat ient s
WHERE RegDat e BET WEEN '2021/01/01' AND '2021/12/31';

– USING YEAR
SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE YEAR(RegDat e ) = '2021';

Q18. Writ e a SQL query t o f et ch 50% records f rom t he Pat ient sCheckup t able.

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SELECT *
FROM Pat ient sCheckup WHERE
Pat ient ID <= (SELECT COUNT (Pat ient D)/2 FROM Pat ient sCheckup);

Q19. Writ e a query t o f ind t hose pat ient s who have paid consult at ion f ees
bet ween 400 t o 700.

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE Pat ient ID IN

(SELECT Pat ient ID FROM Pat ient sCheckup WHERE Consult at ionFees BET WEEN '400'

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Q20. Writ e a query t o updat e t he pat ient names by removing t he leading and
t railing spaces.

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UPDAT E Pat ient s

SET Pat ient Name = LT RIM(RT RIM(Pat ient Name));

Q21. Writ e a query t o add email validat ion t o your dat abase.

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SELECT email FROM Pat ient s WHERE NOT REGEXP_LIKE(email, ‘[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@

Q22. Writ e a query t o f ind all pat ient names whose name:

Begin with A

Ends with S and contains 3 alphabets

Staying in the state T elangana

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE Pat ient Name LIKE 'A%';
SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE Pat ient Name LIKE '___S';
SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE St at e LIKE 'T elangana%’;

Q23. Writ e a SQL query t o f et ch det ails of all pat ient s excluding pat ient s wit h
name “Sheela” and “Anay”.

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s WHERE Pat ient Name NOT IN ('Sheela','Anay');

Q24. Writ e a query t o f et ch t he t ot al count of occurrences of a part icular

charact er – ‘x’ in t he Pat ient Name.

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SELECT Pat ient Name, Pat ient ID

LENGT H(Pat ient Name) - LENGT H(REPLACE(Pat ient Name, 'x', ''))
FROM Pat ient s;

Q25. Writ e a query t o ret rieve t he f irst t hree charact ers of Pat ient Name f rom
t he Pat ient s t able.

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SELECT SUBST RING(Pat ient Name, 1, 3) FROM Pat ient s;

Q26. Writ e a query t o f et ch only t he Address (st ring bef ore space).

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USING t he MID FUNCT ION IN MySQL

SELECT MID(Address, 0, LOCAT E(' ',Address)) FROM Pat ient s;

USING SUBST RING

SELECT SUBST RING(Address, 1, CHARINDEX(' ',Address)) FROM Pat ient s;

Q27. Writ e a query t o combine Address and st at e int o a new column –

NewAddress.

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SELECT CONCAT (Address, ' ', St at e) AS 'NewAddress' FROM Pat ient s;

Q28. Writ e a query t o f et ch Pat ient IDs which are present in:

Both tables

One of the table. Let us say, patients present in Patients and not in the PatientsCheckup
table.

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–Present IN BOT H T ABLES

SELECT Pat ient Id FROM Pat ient s
WHERE Pat ient Id IN
(SELECT Pat ient Id FROM Pat ient sCheckup);

– Present IN One OF t he T ABLE

SELECT Pat ient Id FROM Pat ient s
WHERE Pat ient Id NOT IN
(SELECT Pat ient Id FROM Pat ient sCheckup);

Q29. Writ e a query t o f ind t he number of pat ient s whose RegDat e is bet ween
01/04/2021 t o 31/12/2022 and are grouped according t o st at e.

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SELECT COUNT (*), St at e FROM Pat ient s WHERE RegDat e BET WEEN '01/04/2021'

Q30. Writ e a query t o f et ch all records f rom t he Pat ient s t able; ordered by
Pat ient Name in ascending order, St at e in descending order.

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SELECT * FROM Pat ient s ORDER BY Pat ient Name ASC, St at e DESC;

With this, we end this article on the top 30 SQL query interview questions. We hope
you found it informative.

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