Lesson 9.

7:
Conjunctions and
Interjections
Objectives:
1. To differentiate between coordinating,
subordinating, and correlative conjunctions
2. To link words, phrases, and clauses using
conjunctions
3. To expand sentences using conjunctions

Mr. Apolinar T. Malabayabas

 What are conjunctions?
Conjunctions are Words that connect
words that link other words or
words, phrases, or groups of words in
a sentence are
clauses together.
called
conjunctions.
Examples:
connects words

1. Sam walked quickly but quietly.

connects phrases

2. He looked on the cliff and near the shore.

connects clauses/sentences

3. Archie is tired, yet he insists on helping me

with the chores.
Types of Conjunctions

Coordinating
Subordinating
Correlative
 Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions join or connect things
of equal value. This means they connect word to
word, phrase to phrase, or clause to
clause.
Examples:
 Kindness and honesty are first learned at home. words

 My parents motivate me with their words of

encouragement or by helping me in everything. phrases

 What you say and what you do are two different things.
clauses
 Coordinating Conjunctions
You can remember
F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. in
order to identify the
conjunctions in a
sentence.
 Coordinating Conjunctions
for and nor but or yet so

1. I study hard, _________

for it is my goal to make my parents proud of me
2. He does not like to work with our group, _________
nor does he plan to do the
project himself.
3. He has billions of dollars in his bank account, _________
yet/but he still feels empty.
4. He did not take his studies seriously, __________
so he now lives in poverty.
5. Everybody respects Daniel, _________
and they admire his humility despite his
achievements.
6. I can’t decide if I should study architecture __________
or engineering.
7. Peter does not want to fail in exams, __________
nor does he want to disappoint
his parents.
 Coordinating Conjunctions
Conjunction Use Example

connects things Mathematics and Science are my

and
that are alike favorite subjects.

I enjoy travelling, but it is often

but shows contrast
costly.

You can use my bicycle or my

or offers a choice
motorcycle.
 Coordinating Conjunctions
Conjunction Use Example

I study hard, for it is my goal to make

for shows reason
my parents proud of me.

He does not like to work with our

shows negative
nor group, nor does he plan to do the
choice
project himself.

He has billions of dollars in his bank

yet shows contrast
account, yet he still feels empty.

He was sick, so he decided to stay

so shows result
home.
 Subordinating Conjunctions
if because when whereas as if as long as wherever

1. I immediately called the police _________

when I saw the incident.
2. Don’t forget to bring with you your hand sanitizer _________
wherever you go.
3. __________
If/Because he disagrees with my decision, we might not go on vacation
next month.
4. I don’t throw plastic bottles away __________
because I reuse and recycle them.
5. You won’t find yourself in trouble __________
as long as/if you behave accordingly.
6. It’s getting colder outside. It feels __________
as if fall has arrived.
7. Hossam has a collection of vintage cars, ________his
whereas brother has no
interest in it at all.
 Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce
dependent clauses.
Example:
independent clause subordinating conjunction

I enjoy teaching in an international school because

I learn and experience different cultures.
Note: An independent clause expresses a complete thought or idea (or it is simply dependent clause
a sentence), while a dependent clause doesn’t.
 Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions Use Example
after, as soon as,  Tom’s parents cheered for him
when, whenever, when he reached the finish line.
once, till/until, as time  While I was on my way to the
long as, by the time, shop, I saw Timothy.
now that, since, while
 This is the school where we studied.
 Wherever you go in the world,
where, wherever place
you’ll always find someone who
speaks English.
unless, if, only if,  You will never succeed unless you
provided that, work hard.
condition
assuming that, even  If you listen attentively, you will
if understand everything.
 Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions Use Example
 The person who made the mess
who, whoever, needs to clean it.
whom, whomever, relative pronouns  Whoever leaves last should turn
whose off the light.

 He went to the school that my

that, whatever, father went to.
relative adjectives
which, whichever  Mary will eat chocolate cake or
donut, whichever is delicious.
 Though it was raining, she went
though, although, out.
concession
even though, even if  Although the kitchen is small, it is
well designed.
 Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions Use Example
 He is more athletic than I am.
than, rather than, as
 Henry is tall and blond, whereas
much as, whether, comparison
his brother is short and has dark
whereas
hair.
 We eat that we may live.
 I’ll go by car so that I can take
because, since, so
reason more luggage.
that, in order that, as
 Do exercises in order that your
health may improve.
 He looked as if he had seen a
ghost.
how, as though, as if manner
 She taught him how to play the
piano.
 Correlative Conjunctions
either… or neither…nor not only…but also both…and whether or

1. I do not know ________

whether they will come today ________
or tomorrow
2. This city is ________
not only known for its uniquely designed skyscrapers
__________
but also for the lush mountains surrounding it.
3. You can gain knowledge by __________
either reading books__________
or
by watching documentary videos.
4. As you can see, Donald is __________
neither ready for G7 Talks _________
nor
confident to deliver his speech. I think he needs more time to
memorize his speech.
 Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions connect two balanced
clauses, phrases, or words.
These conjunctions come in pairs.
Example:
You can either accept or refuse his
offer. correlative conjunctions

Note: The correlative conjunctions connect two verbs (accept and refuse).
 Correlative Conjunctions
These are the five correlative conjunctions.

not only…but
either…or neither… also
nor

both...and whether… or
 Correlative Conjunctions
Example:

My brother likes not only to play

video games but also to watch
movies.
correlative conjunctions

Note: The correlative conjunctions connect two phrases (to play video games and to watch movies).
 Correlative Conjunctions
Example:

That house is both large

and cozy.

correlative conjunctions

Note: The correlative conjunctions connect two adjectives(large and cozy).

 Correlative Conjunctions
Example:
correlative conjunctions

Either you clean the room or you

don’t get to go outside.

Note: The correlative conjunctions connect two clauses (you clean the room and you don’t get to
go outside).
Let’s Practice!
We can go out for dinner now
(or, yet, but) later.

Answer: or
John can’t speak Japanese, (and,
nor, but) he can speak Spanish.

Answer: but
 I was late, (and, so, yet) I
decided to take a taxi to work.

Answer: so
 They won’t be able to go on a
vacation this year (because, even
if, when) they have a lot of
money.

Answer: even if
He waited for me (whenever,
while, until) sundown.

Answer: until
Life will return to normal _____ this
year _____ next year.
(neither/nor, not only/but also,
either/or)

Answer: either/or
I will be your friend _____ you stay
here _____ move away.
(neither/nor, whether/or, either/or)

Answer: whether/or
Supply each sentence with a dependent clause using a
subordinating conjunction. Use the indicated function.
1. Photography is a good hobby ___________. (since)
2. I never forget to thank anyone _______________
____________________________. (who)
3. ________________________, you will not have a bright
future. (unless)
4. Live every day of your life _______________.(as if)
5. _________________________________________, we will
get through this pandemic. (even though)
Combine the following sentences using
subordinating conjunctions.
1) James signed up for basketball. He knew he was
not really good at it.
2) I can’t rest. I need to finish my book review.
4) I simply cannot get out of bed. I am too tired.
5) I won’t let you copy my answers. We've been
close friends for so long.
Combine the following sentences using subordinating conjunctions.
1) James signed up for basketball. He knew he was not really good at it.
(concession)
James signed up for basketball even though he knew he was not really
good at it.
2) I can’t rest. I need to finish my book review. (reason)
I can’t rest because I need to finish my book review.
3) Dr. Johnson ate a big meal. He went to work afterward.
(time)
After Dr. Johnson ate a big meal, he went to work
afterward.
Combine the following sentences using
subordinating conjunctions.

4) I simply cannot get out of bed. I am too tired.

(reason)
I simply cannot get out of bed as I am too tired.
5) I won’t let you copy my answers. We've been
close friends for so long.(concession)
I won’t let you copy my answers even if we’ve been
close friends for so long.