ELECTRONIC

COMPONENTS
AND SYMBOLS
Unit 2 – Lesson 2
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
It is the building blocks of an
electronic circuit or electronic
system. These are devices in an
electronic system that have two
or more terminals known as
leads, which are soldered to a
PCB.
 ELECTRONIC COMPONENT

Active Passive Electromechanical

Component Component Component
devices that can can’t introduce net normally use an
amplify an electric energy into the circuit electrical current to
signal and produce create a magnetic field
power which causes physical
movement
 ACTIVE COMPONENT PASSIVE COMPONENT
Active Device transforms and injects power Passive Device utilizes power or energy into
or energy into a circuit. a circuit.
Active element produces energy in the form Passive element stores energy in the form of
of voltage or current voltage or current.
They do not have function provide power
They have function and provide power gain.
gain.
It can control the flow of current. It cannot control the flow of the current.

Active components require an external & Passive Components do not require any
conditional source to operate in the circuit. external source to operate in the circuit.

They have gain more than 1, so they can They have gain less than 1, so they can’t
amplify the signal. amplify the signal.
They are energy donor. They are energy acceptor
They lay in Linear category They lay in Non-Linear category.
 ACTIVE COMPONENT

Solar PV Cell

Solar photovoltaic cell is a device that

directly converts the energy of light into
electrical energy through the photovoltaic
effect. The photovoltaic effect is a process
that generates voltage or electric current
in a photovoltaic cell when it is exposed
to sunlight.
 ACTIVE COMPONENT
DIODE Zener Diode
allows current to flow easily The most useful type of diode
in one direction, but severely as it can provide a stable
restricts current from flowing Light-Emitting Diode reference voltage.
in the opposite direction.
light is generated when enough
forwarding current passes
through it.

Varactor Diode
P-N Junction a type of diode whose
internal capacitance varies
Diode with respect to the reverse
Is also known as rectifier
Schottky Diode voltage
is named after German physicist
diodes and are used for the
Walter Schottky. Schottky diode
rectification process.
switches on and off in less than 1ns.
 ACTIVE COMPONENT

Transistor
A semiconductor that regulates or
controls current or voltage flow in
addition amplifying and generating
these electrical signals and acting as a
switch/gate for them.

Base Collector Emitter

ACTIVE COMPONENT
Electric Cell
a single unit of device that
produces electricity through
chemical reactions. A cell is a single
unit which converts chemical
energy into mechanical energy.
Battery
a collection of interconnected cells that
ANODE
converts chemical energy contained in them
directly into electrical energy that can produce
an electric current. CATHODE
PASSIVE COMPONENT
Antenna
made of a conductive, metallic material
and has the purpose of transmitting
and/or receiving electromagnetic
waves, usually radio wave signals, and
converting electromagnetic waves into
voltage and current used by a circuit.
 PASSIVE COMPONENT
store energy in the form of an electric field. In
Capacitor addition to storing energy, capacitors are also used
as filters and in signal coupling.

Fixed Polarized
Capacitor Capacitor

consist of two require a specific

conductive plates polarity to function
separated by a properly
dielectric material
 PASSIVE COMPONENT
Inductor
it impedes or opposes any change in
the amount of current flowing
through it.

Iron Core Inductor Air Core Inductor

are low-space inductors used when the amount
that have high power of inductance required
and high inductance is low
value.
PASSIVE COMPONENT

Memristor
an electrical component that limits or
regulates the flow of electrical current in
a circuit and remembers the amount of
charge that has previously flowed
through it.
 PASSIVE COMPONENT

Resistor
Used to reduce the current flow
and to lower the voltage in any
portion of the circuit.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers)

IEC (International Electrotechnical

Commission)
 PASSIVE COMPONENT
converts a physical force into an electrical
Transducers signal so that it can be easily handled and
transmitted for measurement.

Input Transducer Output Transducer

(Sensor) (Actuator)
takes in physical energy and
takes electrical signals and
converts it into an electrical
converts them into
signal that can be read.
another form of energy.
ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
a device which is designed to
Switch interrupt the current flow in a circuit.

Open Switch SPDT Switch

Closed Switch DPDT Switch
SPST Switch NO Push Button
DPST Switch NC Push Button
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Switch
Open Switch An open circuit and
shows no current are
SPST Switch
flowing.
DPST Switch
SPDT Switch
DPDT Switch
Means the circuit is
Closed Switch
NO Push Button complete, and the
current is flowing.
NC Push Button
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Switch
Single Pole Single Throw switch is an
ON/ OFF switch with the poles to
Open Switch SPST Switch
stand for the number of poles to
Closed Switch connect.

SPDT Switch
DPDT Switch
DPST Switch
NO Push Button
Double Pole Single Throw
NC Push Button
switch turns on or off two
circuits at one time.
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Switch
SPDT Switch
Open Switch Single Pole Double Throw
Switch lets the current
Closed Switch flow in a circuit adjusts its
SPST Switch position to two directions

DPST Switch Double pole double

DPDT Switch
NO Push Button through turns on and off
two circuits at the same
NC Push Button
time using a common
lever.
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Switch
NO Push Button
Open Switch Pressing the push button will
Closed Switch close (ON) the switch and
releasing it will open (OFF) it.
SPST Switch
NC Push Button
DPST Switch
By pushing the button, the
SPDT Switch circuit opens, and when
DPDT Switch you release it, the course
closes again
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
An electromechanical device used to join
electrical terminations and create an
Electrical Connector electrical circuit. It connects two active
devices to transmit signals or an electrical
current.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Mechanical Devices
An electrical signal to cause some
kind of mechanical change, such
as motor turning. These normally
use an electrical current to create
a magnetic field which causes a
physical movement.
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Wires Cables
A wire is a single conductor, Cables are groups of two or more conductors made
typically made of copper, up of stranded or solid wire that are twisted,
aluminum, or sometimes steel. 40%
wrapped or otherwise bound together in some way.

60%
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Telephone Line
Fuse Thermostat
Protector

Cartridge
Circuit Breaker Lightning Rod
Circuit Breaker
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Fuse

Circuit Breaker
Cartridge
Circuit Breaker
Telephone Line
Protector
Lightning Rod

Thermostat
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Circuit Breaker
used for protection of any electrical device from
Cartridge overcurrent. It has a small wire or metal which melts
Circuit Breaker
Fuse due to large current & opens the circuit blocking the
Telephone Line flow of faulty currents.
Protector
Lightning Rod

Thermostat
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Fuse an automatically operated switch that
Cartridge
Circuit protects the appliances from short circuit or
Circuit Breaker Breaker heavy load current. It opens the circuits once
the current flow crosses its maximum limit.
Telephone Line
Protector
Lightning Rod

Thermostat
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Fuse

Circuit Breaker Cartridge Circuit Breaker

Telephone Line holds a cartridge fuse which
breaks upon exceeding its current
Protector
limit. It can be replaced easily.
Lightning Rod

Thermostat
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Fuse protects the telephone line from
surges or lightning to prevent any Telephone Line
Circuit Breaker
Cartridge
damage to the conductor or the
equipment.
Protector
Circuit Breaker
Lightning Rod

Thermostat
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Fuse

Circuit Breaker Lightning Rod

Cartridge When lightning strikes the
Circuit Breaker building, the rod catches the
Telephone Line lightning & transmits the power
to the ground bypassing the
Protector
building & preventing any
Thermostat damage.
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Circuit Protection Devices
Fuse

Circuit Breaker Thermostat

Cartridge controls the temperature
Circuit Breaker surrounding it & maintains it
Telephone Line by switching the cooling or
Protector heating equipment on & off.

Lightning Rod
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT
Piezoelectric devices
The word Piezoelectric is derived from the
Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press,
and piezo, which is Greek for “push”. It converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy
through the inverse piezoelectric effect.
Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain
materials to generate an electric charge in
response to applied mechanical stress.
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENT

Printed Circuit Board

A non-conductive material with conductive
lines printed or etched. Electronic
components are mounted on the board and
the traces connect the components together
to form a working circuit or assembly.