Module 2 : Signals in Frequency Domain

Problem Set 2

Problem 1

Let be a periodic signal with fundamental period T and Fourier series coefficients . Derive the Fourier series coefficients of each of

the following signals in terms of :

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) [ for this part , first determine the period of ]

Solution 1

(a)

where . Thus, we have

                  

Therefore the new Fourier coefficients are

(b) =
                                                   =

                                                   =

                                                   =

Hence the Fourier series coefficients of are given by

    

(c) =

Hence the Fourier series coefficients of are given by

(d) =
 =

Hence the Fourier series coefficients of are given by

(e) =

= (1)

Since has fundamental period T , has fundamental period . Therefore, from (1) the Fourier coefficients of

are

Problem 2   

Suppose we are given the following information about a signal x(t) :

1. is a real signal .

2. is periodic with period T = 6 and has Fourier coefficients a k .

3. = 0 for k = 0 and k > 2 .

4. = .

5. .

6. is a positive real number .

Show that , and determine the values of the constants A , B , and C .

Solution 2

Since is a real signal, . But from the given hypothesis, for k > 2. This implies that

for k > 2.
Also, it is given that . Therefore the only non-zero Fourier coefficients are , , and .

It is also given that is a positive real number. Therefore . Thus we have,

Since and are both periodic with period 3, we have

But, by given hypothesis we have , which implies that

Therefore we have,

Finally, it is given that

Therefore, and the constants A = 1, B = and C = 0.

Problem 3

Consider the signal

Determine the Fourier transform of each of the signals shown in figure below . You should be able to do this by explicitly evaluating only
the transform of and then using properties of the Fourier transform.

Solution 3

(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)

Problem 4

A causal stable LTI system S has the frequency response

• Determine a differential equation relating the input x(t) and output y(t) of S .
• Determine the impulse response h(t) of S.
• What is the output of S when the input is

Solution 4

(a)

(b)

Multiply both sides by

and set = 2j to get A =2

multiply both sides by and set = 3j to get B= -1

(c)

multiply both sides by and set = 2j to get A=1/2

multiply both sides by and set = -4j to get B= -1/2

Problem 5

The output y(t) of a causal LTI system is related to the input x(t) by the equation

where

• Find the frequency response of this system.

• Determine the impulse response of the system.

Solution 5

(a)

(b)

Multiply both sides by and set = 10j to get A = 17/9

Multiply both sides by and set = j to get B= 1/9

Problem 6

Consider the signal x(t) in the figure.

(a) Find the Fourier transform of .

(b) Sketch the signal

(c)  Find another signal such that is not the same as and

(d) Argue that, although is different from , for all integers k. You should not

explicitly evaluate to answer this question.

Solution 6

(a) Consider the signal shown below.

Fig. (a)

Now consider convolution of with itself. Let the resultant signal be .

Then, .
                  

Now, consider and .

Fig (b)

Fig (c)

So, when .

as there is no overlap between and .

When .

Then, .

Here, and .
So, .

                .

When .

Then, there is no overlap between and .

So, the signal is

Fig. (d)

Now compare with the given signal . Here is

Fig. (e)

By comparing, we get .

So, can be thought of as a signal which is a convolution of the signal with itself, where is
 Fig. (f)

This implies .

By Convolution Theorem, the Fourier Transform of is square of the Fourier Transform of , i.e.

Now, consider . Its Fourier Transform is

            

             .

So,

(b)
Now, consider a signal , where

            

as .

So, is the shifted version of by 4k along the t axis which is shown as

Fig. (g)

Now,

So, is
 Fig. (h)

(c) Any signal which is the shifted version of by 4k on the t axis can be taken as , which satisfies

because by the last part we can say that when we convolve with , it will result in .

In this case, , where .

(d) By part (c) ,

, where .

Now, put .

as
Problem 7

Consider an LTI system whose response to the input

is

(a) Find the frequency response of this system.

(b) Determine the system's impulse response.

Solution 7

(a) Given:

The Fourier transform of [where a>0] is .

So Fourier transform of x(t) is

Similarly, the Fourier transform of output y[t] is

Let the frequency response of the given LTI system be .

So, by the convolution theorem,

As ,

By solving this, we get

(b) By taking Inverse Fourier Transform of , we get

Problem 8

Determine the Fourier series representations for the following signals:

(1) Each illustrated in the figures (a) - (f)

 (2) periodic with period 2 and for .

(3) periodic with period 4 and

Solution 8

(1)

(a) It is periodic with period 2. So, consider segment between .

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

For ,
 But, in

            Substituting in x(t)

            

(b) It is periodic with period 6. So, consider segment between .

The function in this interval is:

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

For ,
Substituting in x(t)

(c) It is periodic with period 3, so take the segment

The function in the interval is:

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

For ,

Substituting in x(t)
 (d) It is periodic with period 2. So take segment

Here,

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

For

            Substituting in x(t)

(e) It is periodic with period 6. So, take the segment

Here will be

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

 For

Substituting in x(t)

(f) It is periodic with period 3. So, take the segment

Here will be

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

For

            Substituting in x(t)
            

(2)

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

Given .

For

Substituting in x(t)

(3)

Let

be the Fourier expansion, where:

Given .

For
Substituting in x(t)

Problem 9

A continuous-time periodic signal is real valued and has a fundamental period T=8 . The NON ZERO Fourier series coefficients for
are specified as

Express in the form

Solution 9

Given that the non zero coefficients are:

; ; ;

=>

Comparing with
We get the non-zero coefficients as:

;
Problem 10

Solution 10 :
Problem 11 :

Consider an LTI system whose response to the input

is

(a) Find the frequency response of this system.

(b) Determine the system's impulse response.

Solution 11 :
Problem 12 :

Consider the signal x(t) in figure below :

Solution 12 :

(a) Consider the signal y (t) shown below :-

Now consider the convolution of y (t) with itself . Let the resultant figure be z (t)

Now consider y (k) and y (t-k) :

Now compare z (t) with the given signal x (t) .

Here x (t) is :
 ]

By comparing, we get

A= 1/2

So x(t) can be thought of a signal , which is the convolution of signal v(t) with itself where v(t) is :