LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER ____I____/ WEEK ___1___

Name: ________________________________________ Score: _________________

Grade & Section: _______________________________ Subject: BIOTECHNOLOGY

Name of Teacher: _ROLLY A. RACELES ___ Date: __________________

I. Title: Cellular Transport

II. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance Task)

III.MELC: Understand the transport of materials on cell through the process of diffusion
and osmosis.

IV. Learning Objective/s:

 Identify and explain the processes of cellular transport namely active and
passive transport.
 Differentiate the types of active transport and passive transport.
 Recognize some processes of cellular transport in the human system in
maintaining homeostasis.

V. Reference/s:
Print Material/s:

Herren, R. V. (2014). Introduction to Biotechnology, pp. 47- 49. Unit 2105-

2106 Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City, MG Reprrographics.

Santos, G. N. C. (2006). Biology (Investigatory Biology), pp. 90- 101. 84- 86

P. Florentino St., Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City, Rex Printing
Company Inc.

Treyes, R. S. (2004). Science and Technology II: Biology Textbook, pp. 33-
37. No. 21- E Boni Serrano Ave., Q.C., Book Media Press, Inc.

Online Resource/s:

Cellular Transport. Retrieved at https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-

school-biology/hs-energy-and-transport/hs-osmosis-and-tonicity/v/
/osmosis on July 27, 2020.

Cellular Transport. Retrieved at

https://www.ck12.org/biology/cell-transport/lesson/Cell-Transport-
Advanced-BIO-ADV/ on July 30, 2020

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 Active Transport and Passive Transport. Retrieved at
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/nemcc-ap/chapter/3204/#:~:text=P
assive%20transport%20is%20the%20movement,from%20adenosine
%20triphosphate%20(ATP) on August 9, 2020
Image of Cell Transport. Retrieved at https://www.thoughtco.com/diffusion-
and-passive-transport-373399 on August 9, 2020
Image of Phospholipid bilayer. Retrieved at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_03_03_09.jpg on
August 9, 2020
Image of Osmosis and Diffusion. Retrieved at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osmosis_Diffusion_Ultrafiltrat
ion_and_Dialysis.svg on August 9, 2020
Images for Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport. Retrieved at
https://sites.google.com/site/jaustin4th2014/home/part-1-physical-
chemical-cellular-basis-of-life/activetransport on August 9, 2020
Image for Vesicle Transport. Retrieved at
https://www.ck12.org/biology/Exocytosis-and-Endocytosis/lesson/Exo
cytosis-and-Endocytosis-BIO/ on August 9, 2020)
Image of Osmotic Pressure. Retrieved at
http://friedbiochem.weebly.com/osmosis.html on August 9, 2020

VI. Concept Notes

Cell transport refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
The most important feature of a cell's phospholipid membranes is that they are
selectively permeable. A membrane that is selectively permeable, or semipermeable,
has control over what molecules or ions can enter or leave the cell. This feature allows
a cell to control the transport of materials, as dictated by the cell's function. The
permeability of a membrane is dependent on the organization and characteristics of
the membrane lipids and proteins.

Figure 1: Movement of molecules in the cell membrane

The molecular make-up of the phospholipid bilayer limits the types of molecules
that can pass through it. For example, hydrophobic (water-hating) molecules, such as
carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), can easily pass through the lipid bilayer, but ions
such as calcium (Ca2+) and polar molecules such as water (H2O) cannot.

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 Figure 2: Phospholipid bilayer
The hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer does not allow ions or polar
molecules through because they are hydrophilic, or water loving. In addition, large
molecules such as sugars and proteins are too big to pass through the phospholipid
bilayer. Transport proteins within the membrane allow these molecules to cross the
membrane into or out of the cell. This way, polar molecules avoid contact with the
nonpolar interior of the membrane, and large molecules are moved through large pores.
All substances that move through the membrane do so by one of two general
methods, which are categorized based on whether or not energy is required: (i) Active
Transport (needs energy) and (ii) Passive Transport (does not require energy).

I. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

The movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell through the cell
membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
The particles move against the concentration gradient, using energy released
during respiration. Sometimes dissolved molecules are at a higher concentration inside
the cell than outside, but, because the organism needs these molecules, they still must
be absorbed. Carrier proteins pick up specific molecules and take them through the cell
membrane against the concentration gradient. Energy from ATP is required for these
membrane proteins to transport substances—molecules or ions—across the
membrane, usually against their concentration gradients. There are two main types of
active transport, namely: (a) Sodium- Potassium Pump, and (b) Vesicular Transport
—Exocytosis and Endocytosis.

Figure 3: Active Transport

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 a. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

A structure known as a cell-membrane pump that uses energy to transport sodium

and potassium ions in and out of the cell. It plays a vital role in maintaining a cell's
homeostasis. The pump is powered by a molecule of ATP. The ATP allows the shape
of the pump to change, emptying its contents either into or out of the cell. This process
is so important for nerve cells that it accounts for most of their ATP usage. . Below are
the steps that the sodium-potassium pump uses to function.

1. Three sodium ions form inside the cell bind to the pump.
2. The Phosphate group form a molecule of ATP binds to the pump.
3. The pump changes shape and the sodium ions are released outside the cell.
4. Two potassium ions bind to the pump.
5. The phosphate group is released form the pump and the pump again changes
shape and releases the ions into the inside of the cell.

b. VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Other forms of active transport do not involve membrane carriers in which large
molecules are moved across the membrane in bubble-like sacks that are made from
pieces of the membrane. Vesicular transport includes (1) exocytosis and (2)
endocytosis.

Figure 4: Vesicular Transport: Exocytosis and Endocytosis

(1) Endocytosis
- the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it
with the cell membrane and bringing it into the cell. Once pinched off, the portion of
membrane and its contents becomes an independent, intracellular vesicle. A vesicle is a
membranous sac—a spherical and hollow organelle bounded by a lipid bilayer
membrane. Endocytosis often brings materials into the cell that must to be broken down
or digested. There are three forms of Endocytosis: (a) phagocytosis, (b) pinocytosis,
and (c) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
(a) Phagocytosis (“Cell Eating”)
- which is relatively nonselective, the cell takes in a large particle. Like little
Pac-men, their job is to patrol body tissues for unwanted matter, such as
invading bacterial cells, phagocytize them, and digest them.
(b) pinocytosis (“Cell Drinking”)

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 - the cell takes in small particles in fluid. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis take
in large portions of extracellular material, and they are typically not highly
selective in the substances they bring in.
(c) Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
- is quite selective. When external receptors bind a specific ligand, the cell
responds by endocytosing the ligand. Once the surface receptors have
bound enough of the specific substance (the receptor’s ligand), the cell will
endocytose the part of the cell membrane containing the receptor-ligand
complexes. Iron, a required component of hemoglobin, is endocytosed by
red blood cells in this way.

Figure 5: Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Receptor- mediated Endocytosis

(2) Exocytosis
- Describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and
releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.

Figure 6: Exocytosis
II. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Molecules (or ions) will spread/diffuse from where they are more concentrated to
where they are less concentrated until they are equally distributed in that space. And
there is no need for the assistance of a transport in simple diffusion. This type of
transport includes (a) simple diffusion, (b) facilitated diffusion and (c) osmosis.

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 (a) Simple Diffusion
The particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Imagine being inside a closed bathroom. If a bottle of perfume were
sprayed, the scent molecules would naturally diffuse from the spot where they left the
bottle to all corners of the bathroom, and this diffusion would go on until no more
concentration gradient remains. If the room is warmer, diffusion occurs even faster as
the molecules are bumping into each other and spreading out faster than at cooler
temperatures. Whenever a substance exists in greater concentration on one side of a
semipermeable membrane, such as the plasma membrane, any substance that can
move down its concentration gradient across the membrane will do so.

Figure 7: Simple Diffusion across the Cell (Plasma) Membrane

(b) Facilitated Diffusion
It involves the assistance of transport proteins. The diffusion process used for
those substances that cannot cross the lipid bilayer due to their size and/or polarity. A
common example of facilitated diffusion is the movement of glucose into the cell, where
it is used to make ATP. Although glucose can be more concentrated outside of a cell, it
cannot cross the lipid bilayer via simple diffusion because it is both large and polar. To
resolve this, a specialized carrier protein called the glucose transporter will transfer
glucose molecules into the cell to facilitate its inward diffusion.

Figure 8: Facilitated Diffusion

(c) Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane down its
concentration gradient. If a membrane is permeable to water, though not to a solute,
water will equalize its own concentration by diffusing to the side of lower water
concentration and thus the side of higher solute concentration. Osmosis occurs when

6
there is an imbalance of solutes outside of a cell versus inside the cell. The more solute
a solution contains, the greater the osmotic pressure that solution will have. Solutes
within a solution create osmotic pressure, a pressure that pulls water. Osmotic pressure
is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward
flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. There are three types of
osmotic pressure: (a) Hypertonic, (b) Hypotonic, and (c) Isotonic.

(Figure 9: Osmosis)
(a) Hypertonic
A solution that have a higher solute concentration than inside the cell. This
makes the water in plant and animal cell to rush out making the cell wrinkle or shrivel.
Water molecules tend to diffuse into a hypertonic solution because the higher osmotic
pressure pulls water
(b) Isotonic
A solution that have an equal concentration—both on plant and animal cell, in the
outside and inside of the cell.
(c) Hypotonic
Solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than
outside of it, due to osmotic pressure, water diffuses into the cell, and in animal cell it is
often appear to be turgid, or bloated. However, plant cells need more water than animal
cells, and will not burst in a hypotonic solution due to their thick cell walls; hypotonic
solutions are ideal for plant cells.

Figure 10: Concentration of Solutions

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 Osmosis affects plant and animal cells differently because plant and animal
cells can tolerate different concentrations of water. Some examples of osmosis in
everyday life particularly in when plants take water and mineral from roots with the help
of osmosis. The roots of the plant have a higher solute concentration than the
surrounding soil, so water flows into the roots. Osmosis can affect humans as well; in a
person infected with cholera, bacteria overpopulate the intestines, leaving the intestines
unable to absorb water. The bacteria reverse the flow of absorption because osmosis
causes water to flow out of the intestinal cells instead of in. This causes severe
dehydration and sometimes death. The purpose of the transport proteins is to protect
the cell's internal environment and to keep its balance of salts, nutrients, and proteins
within a range that keeps the cell and the organism alive.

YOU CAN DO THIS!

Task 1. Check your Concepts. Read and analyze the questions carefully. Encircle the
letter of the correct answer.
1. What structure of the cell controls the movement of molecules or ions in entering
and leaving the cell?
a. Cytoplasm c. Cell membrane
b. Vacuole d. Mitochondria

2. The permeability of a membrane is dependent on the organization and

characteristics of the membrane __________ and __________.
a. Protein, Ions c. Lipids, Protein
b. Ions, Lipids d. Protein, Electron

3. The molecular make- up of the _________________ limits the types of molecules

that can pass through it.
a. Proteins c. Ions
b. Phospholipid bilayer d. Electron

4. What type of diffusion requires no energy input by the cell?

a. Passive transport c. Vesicle Transport
b. Active Transport d. Sodium- Potassium pump

5. Endocytosis and exocytosis ________________.

a. Are both a type of vesicle transport
b. Move very large molecules either in or out of the cell.
c. Are both a form of active transport.
d. All of the above.

6. During simple diffusion, substances move from an area of ________________

concentration to an area of ______________ concentration.
a. Higher, lower c. Higher, equal
b. Lower, higher d. Lower, equal

7. Osmosis ________________.
a. is the transport of water.
c. is the transport of water and other small molecules.
d. is the transport of water and small ions.
e. is the transport of small molecules and ions.

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 8. What type of solution has a greater concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell
when compared with the inside of a cell?
a. Isotonic c. Tonicity
b. Hypertonic d. Hypotonic

9. What type of solution has an equal concentration of solutes outside the cell to the
concentration of solutes inside the cell?
a. Isotonic c. Tonicity
b. Hypertonic d. Hypotonic

10. What type of solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside the
cell than outside of it?
a. Isotonic c. Tonicity
b. Hypertonic d. Hypotonic

Task 2. Check your Understanding. Read and understand the statements

comprehensively. Write True of the statement is correct or False if the statement is
incorrect.
__________ 1. Cell transport of materials is necessary to obtain homeostasis
within cells so that an organism can stay alive and healthy.
__________ 2. The membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell is a
selective permeable membrane.
__________ 3. Hydrophilic are water- loving molecules.
__________ 4. The purpose of the transport proteins is to protect the cell's internal
environment and to keep its balance of salts, nutrients, and proteins
within a range that keeps the cell and the organism alive.
__________ 5. There are three (3) main ways that molecules can pass through a
phospholipid membrane.
__________ 6. Facilitated diffusion, does not involve the assistance of transport
proteins.
__________ 7. Active transport do not use energy to pull in or pump out certain
molecules and ions.
__________ 8. Large molecules are moved across the membrane in bubble-like sacks
that are made from pieces of the membrane through vesicle transport.
__________ 9. Vesicular transport includes exocytosis and endocytosis.
__________ 10. Cell transport may require assistance by a protein/pump.
Task 3. Word Search. Below is a word hunt, find the word/s using the word box as your
guide to locate the concept. These word/s may be written vertically, horizontally,
diagonally, forwards, and backwards. Draw a line striking through the word/s.

9
 Lipids Osmosis Phospholipids
Proteins Diffusion Endocytosis
Isotonic Active Transport Exocytosis
Hypertonic Passive Transport Hydrophobic
Hypotonic Vesicle Transport Hydrophilic

YOU CAN DO MORE!

Task 4. Complete the crossword puzzle. Use the descriptions below as your guide to
reveal the concept on transport of materials on cells.

Across

1. Movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell

10
 membranes without need of energy input.
5. It is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.
7. These are water- loving molecules.
9.The process of moving materials from within a cell to the exterior of the cell.
12. Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules
composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of
all living organisms
13. A type of solution has an equal concentration of solutes outside the cell to the
concentration of solutes inside the cell
14. A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable
membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
15. Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and
are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Down

2. A membrane protein that regulates or facilitates the movement of specific

molecules across a vesicle's membrane.
3. The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher
concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
4. A type of lipid molecule that is the main component of the cell membrane.
6. Literally means “the fear of water” molecules.
8. A particular type of solution that has a greater concentration of solutes on the
outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell.
10. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than
outside of it.
11. The passive movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration. The concentration gradient incites
them to diffuse.

Task 5. Let’s Understand. Indicate whether the sentence or statement is True or

False. If false, underline the word/s that makes the sentence incorrect, change the
identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
_____ 1. Hypertonic is a type of solution has an equal concentration of solutes outside
the cell to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
_____ 2. Osmosis process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a
semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more
concentrated one.
_____ 3. Vesicle transport is a membrane protein that regulates or facilitates the
movement of specific molecules across a vesicle's membrane.
_____ 4. Phospholipid bilayer is a molecule that is the main component of the
cytoplasm.
_____ 5. Hydrophilic literally means “the fear of water” molecules.
_____ 6. The process of moving materials from within a cell to the exterior of the cell in
called endocytosis.
_____ 7. Passive transport is a process of movement of ions and other atomic or
molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
_____ 8. Isotonic is a particular type of solution that has a greater concentration of
solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell.
_____ 9. Hydrophobic are water- loving molecules.
_____ 10. Hypotonic is a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater inside
the cell than outside of it.

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 Task 6. Fill Me Out. Supply the concept/s on the concept map below. Answer the
following questions as your guide in filling out the numbered boxes. Write your answer
on the appropriate numbered box.

Cellular
Transport

1.______________ 7.____________ 8.___________ 9.__________

____ ______ _______ ________

10._____________
2.______________ 3._____________ _____
____ _____

11._____________
_____
4._____________ 6._____________
_____ _____

5._____________
_____
Guide Questions
1. It is the process by which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a
solution or across a semipermeable membrane and does not require energy.
2. A type of simple diffusion where it describes the movement of ions and other
atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy
input.
3. What do you call the movement of a solvent (such as water) through a
semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?
4. – 6. What are the three types of osmosis?
7. It is the movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of
lower concentration with the help of a protein channel or carrier.
8. It is a type of cellular transport that requires the cell to use energy to pull in or
pump out certain molecules and ions.
9. It is type of cellular transport in which large molecules are moved across the
membrane in bubble-like sacks that are made from pieces of the membrane.
10. A type of vesicle transport in which it requires the capturing of a substance or
particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane and bringing
it into the cell.
11. This describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and
releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.

YOU CAN DO MORE!

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Task 7. Critical Thinking. Explain the given words/phrases or questions briefly and
accurately.
1. Differentiate the types of osmosis:
(a) Hypotonic
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

(b) Isotonic
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

(c) Hypertonic
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Explain why passive transport does not require energy.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Describe the process facilitated diffusion.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Task 8. Sci Challenge. Discuss the effect of osmosis on animal cell and plant cell
under the following osmotic situations:
a. Hypotonic
- Animal Cell

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 _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

- Plant Cell
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

b. Isotonic
- Animal Cell
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

- Plant Cell
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

c. Hypertonic
- Animal Cell
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

- Plant Cell
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Task 9. Let’s Investigate. Explain the illustrations below on how the process of
diffusion and osmosis occur.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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 _______
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
LEVEL UP!
Task 10. Let’s Examine. Read the paragraph below, then cite at least five (5)
examples of simple diffusion that can be observed at home.
If you have ever made cookies and left the kitchen door open, you are probably
aware that the aroma spreads all throughout the house. It is strongest in the kitchen,
where the cookies are baked, a little less in the dining or living room, and least in the
upstairs corner bedroom. And if the door is closed in the corner bedroom, the cookie
scents is even weaker. This is a delicious example of simple diffusion.
Example1:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Example 2:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Example 3:
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Example 4:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Example 5:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Task 11. Let’s Analyze. Read the questions below. Answer the questions briefly and
accurately.
1. What does osmosis have to do with how the kidney function?

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______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Cite at least three (3) another importance of osmosis in our daily life.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Task 12. Spotlight. Given the question, how diffusion occurs in the different organs of
our body? Explain your answer briefly but substantially.

a. Lungs (Exchange of Gases)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
b. Intestines (Absorption of Calcium)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

c. Skin (Release of Heat)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

VII. Notes to the Teachers.

Scoring Rubrics for Short Responses

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 Score
Focus on the Sharp, distinct Apparent Enough key No point Minimal
Topic/ controlling point made point made made about evidence of

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 Content point made about the about the the topic with knowledge
about the topic with topic with less evident about the
topic with evident some awareness topic.
evident awareness evident and
awareness and awareness knowledge of
and knowledge of and the topic.
knowledge of the topic. knowledge of
the topic. the topic.
Quality and Explain the Shows some May treat the Lacks focus Lacks focus
Clarity of topic depth and topic or and
Ideas thoughtfully complexity of simplistically demonstrate coherence,
and in depth. thought. and s confused and often
repetitively. or simplistic fails to
thinking. communicate
its ideas.
Organization Sophisticated Functional Functional Confused or Minimal
of Ideas arrangement arrangement arrangement inconsistent control of
of content of content of content arrangement content
with evident with evident with less of content arrangement.
and/ or subtle and/ or evident and/ with or
transitions of subtle or subtle without
ideas. transitions of transitions of attempts are
ideas. ideas. transition.
Evident Sufficient Limited Minimal Poor control
control of control of control of control of of grammar,
grammar, grammar, grammar, grammar, mechanics,
mechanics, mechanics, mechanics, mechanics, spelling,
Conventions
spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, usage, and
usage, and usage, and usage, and usage, and sentence
sentence sentence sentence sentence formation.
formation. formation. formation. formation.
Total Score

17