9 Lighting

9.1 General
9.1.1 Scope
This section shall apply to the following:
a. Interior spaces of buildings.
b. Exterior lighting that is powered through the building's electrical service.

Exception to 9.1.1

1. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation.

2. Lighting, including exit signs, that is specifically designated as required by a health or life
safety statute, ordinance, or regulation.
3. Decorative gas lighting systems.

9.1.2 Lighting Alterations

For the alteration of any lighting system in an interior space, that space shall comply with
the lighting power density (LPD) allowances of Section 9.5.1 or 9.6.1 and the control
requirements of Section 9.4.1.1 (a), (b), (c), (d), (g), (h), and (i), as applicable to that space.
For the alteration of any lighting system for the exterior of a building application, that
lighting system shall comply with the lighting power density (LPD) allowances of
Section 9.4.2 applicable to the area illuminated by that lighting system and the applicable
control requirements of Sections 9.4.1.4 and 9.4.2.

Exception to 9.1.2

1. Alterations that involve 20% or less of the connected lighting load in a space or area need
not comply with these requirements, provided that such alterations do not increase the
installed lighting power.
2. Lighting alterations that only involve replacement of lamps plus ballasts/drivers or only
involve one-for-one luminaire replacement need only comply with LPD requirement and
Section 9.4.1.1(h) or 9.4.1.1(i).
3. Routine maintenance or repair situations.
9 Lighting
9.1.3 Installed Lighting Power
The luminaire wattage for all interior and exterior applications shall include all power used
by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts/drivers, transformers, and control devices,
except as specifically exempted in Section 9.1.1, 9.2.3.1, or 9.4.2.

Exception to 9.1.3
If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are capable of being controlled
to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power or the installed exte-
rior lighting power shall be based solely on the lighting system with the highest wattage.

9.1.4 Interior and Exterior Luminaire Wattage

The wattage of lighting equipment, when used to calculate either installed interior lighting
power or installed exterior lighting power, shall be determined in accordance with the fol-
lowing criteria:
a. The wattage of lighting equipment connected to line voltage shall be the manufactur-
ers’ labeled maximum wattage.
b. The wattage of line voltage lighting equipment with remote ballasts/drivers or similar
devices shall be the total input wattage of all line voltage components in the system.

Exception to 9.1.4(b)
Lighting power calculations for ballasts with adjustable ballast factors shall be based on the bal-
last factor that will be used in the space, provided that the ballast factor is not user changeable.

c. For line-voltage lighting track and plug-in busway designed to allow the addition and/or
relocation of lighting equipment without altering the wiring of the system, the wattage
shall be
1. the specified wattage of the lighting equipment included in the system with a mini-
mum of 30 W/lin ft,
2. the wattage limit of the system’s circuit breaker, or
3. the wattage limit of other permanent current-limiting devices on the system.
d. The wattage of low-voltage lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor, and other
flexible lighting systems that allow the addition and/or relocation of lighting equip-
ment without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the
ballast/driver or transformer supplying the system.
e. The wattage of a DC low-voltage lighting system that employs flexible cabling for
plug-in connection of the lighting equipment and a remote power supply shall be
labeled maximum wattage of the system power supply. For systems that also provide
power to equipment other than lighting, the wattage shall be labeled maximum watt-
age of the system power supply reduced by the wattage of the nonlighting equipment
connected to the system.
f. The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting equipment shall be the specified watt-
age of the lighting equipment.
9.1.5 Climate
Climate zones shall be determined in accordance with Section 5.1.4.
9.2 Compliance Paths
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with Section 9.2.1 and Section 9.2.2.
9.2.1 Requirements for All Compliance Paths
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with Section 9.1 “General”; Section 9.4,
“Mandatory Provisions”; and Section 9.7, “Submittals.”

162 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting

Compliance with Section 9 shall be achieved by meeting all of the requirements of Sec-
tion 9.1, “General”; Section 9.7, “Submittals”; and one of the following:
a. Section 9.3, “Simplified Building Method Compliance Path”
b. Section 9.4, “Mandatory Provisions”, and Section 9.5, “Building Area Method”
c. Section 9.4, “Mandatory Provisions,” and Section 9.6, “Space-by-Space Method”
The installed lighting power identified in accordance with Section 9.1.3 shall not exceed
the lighting power allowance developed in accordance with Section 9.2.1(a), (b), or (c).
Trade-offs of lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a dif-
ferent calculation method has been used for compliance are not permitted.
9.2.2 Additional Requirements to Comply with Section 9
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with
a. Section 9.3, “Simplified Building Method Compliance Path,”
b. Section 9.5, “Building Area Method Compliance Path,” or
c. Section 9.6, “Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-Space Method.”
Projects using the Energy Cost Budget Method (see Section 11 of this standard) must
comply with Section 9.4, “Mandatory Provisions,” as a portion of that compliance path.

Exception to 9.2.2
When compliance is shown using Section 9.2.2(a), compliance with Section 9.4 is not required.

9.2.3 Prescriptive Requirements

9.2.3.1 Interior Lighting Power Allowance
The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or permitted
portion of a building shall be determined by either Simplified Building Method described in
Section 9.3, the Building Area Method described in Section 9.5, or the Space-by-Space
Method described in Section 9.6.

Exception to 9.2.3.1
When using the compliance methods in Section 9.5 or 9.6 only, the lighting equipment and appli-
cations listed in Table 9.2.3.1 shall not be considered when determining the interior lighting
power allowance developed in accordance with Section 9.5 or 9.6, nor shall the wattage for such
lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with Section
9.1.3. This exemption shall only apply when the lighting and controls are in compliance with the
requirements of Table 9.2.3.1. Lighting controls noted in this table are the only required controls
for this equipment and these applications.

9.2.3.2 Exterior Lighting Power Allowance

The exterior lighting power allowance for a building, or a separately metered or permitted
portion of a building, shall be determined by
a. Section 9.3.2, “Simplified Building Method of Calculating Exterior Lighting Power
Allowance,” when using Section 9.3 to determine the interior lighting power allow-
ance, or
b. Section 9.4.2, “Exterior Building Lighting Power,” when using Section 9.5 or Sec-
tion 9.6 to determine the interior lighting power allowance.
9.3 Simplified Building Method Compliance Path
The Simplified Building Method contains the requirements for interior lighting in Section
9.3.1 and exterior lighting in Section 9.3.2 and shall be allowed to be used where at least 80%
of the floor area supports either office buildings, retail buildings, or school buildings. The
Simplified Building Method shall be used for new buildings or tenants improvements of less

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 163

9 Lighting
Table 9.2.3.1 Exceptions to Interior Lighting Power and Minimum Control Requirements
In Addition to and
Controlled Separately
Item # Equipment/Application From General Lighting Required Controls
1 Lighting that is integral to equipment, medical equipment or YES No control requirements
instrumentation, and is installed by its manufacturer
2 Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
dental procedures
3 Lighting specifically designed for the life support of non- YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
human life forms
4 Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
stage, broadcast studio, and film and video production
5 Lighting in sporting activity areas for television broadcasting YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
6 Lighting for photographic processes YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
7 Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional YES 9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
signage
8 Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed YES 9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
refrigerator and freezer cases or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
9 Casino gaming areas NO 9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
10 Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control and
is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions 9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
11 Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments and either
9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
12 Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
equipment and either
9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
13 Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
systems and either
9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
14 Mirror lighting in dressing rooms YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
and either
9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
15 Accent lighting in religious pulpit and choir areas YES 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
and either
9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
16 Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically NO 9.4.1.1(a)—Local control
designated as a registered interior historic landmark and either
9.4.1.1(h)—Automatic full OFF
or
9.4.1.1(i)—Scheduled shutoff
17 Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting YES 9.4.1.3(c)—Special
Applications
18 Parking garage daylight transition lighting—lighting for YES 9.4.1.2(a) and (c)—Parking
covered vehicle entrances and exits from buildings and Garage Control
parking structures; each transition zone shall not exceed a
depth of 66 ft inside the structure and a width of 50 ft.

164 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting
Table 9.3.1-1 Simplified Building Method for Office Buildings

Interior Lighting Power

Interior Space Type Allowance Controls a
2
All spaces in office buildings other than parking 0.70 W/ft All lighting shall be automatically controlled to
garages, stairwells, and corridors turn off when the building is either unoccupied or
scheduled to be unoccupied. (Exception:
Lighting load not exceeding 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied
by the gross lighted area of the building shall be
permitted to operate at all times.)
Each space shall have a manual control device
that allows the occupant to reduce lighting power
by a minimum of 50% and to turn the lighting off.
Office spaces less than or equal to 250 ft2, 0.70 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by
classrooms, conference rooms, meeting rooms, manual-ON occupant sensors.
training rooms, storage rooms, and break rooms
Office spaces greater than 250 ft2 and restrooms 0.70 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by
occupant sensors.
Stairwells and corridors in office buildings and 0.70 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by
parking garages occupant sensors that reduce the lighting power
by a minimum of 50% when no activity is
detected for not longer than 20 minutes and be
controlled to turn off when the building is either
unoccupied or scheduled to be unoccupied.
Parking garages 0.13 W/ft2 All lighting shall be automatically controlled to
turn off during garage nonoperating hours.
Lighting shall also be controlled by occupant
sensors. Controls shall reduce the power by a
minimum of 50% when no activity is detected for
not longer than 20 minutes. No device shall
control more than 3600 ft2.
a. All lights in the space shall be controlled.

than 25,000 ft2. Interior and exterior wattage allowances shall be calculated and complied
with separately.

Exception to 9.3
Alterations involving only luminaire and lamp/ballast replacements shall be permitted to comply
by reducing the installed power by a minimum of 35% for existing T12 systems, 20% for existing
T8 or T5 systems, 45% for existing HID systems, and 75% for existing incandescent systems.

9.3.1 Simplified Building Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Buildings (new and alterations) shall comply with the lighting power allowance and control
requirements of Tables 9.3.1-1, 9.3.1-2, and 9.3.1-3.
9.3.2 Simplified Building Method of Calculating Exterior Lighting Power Allowance
For all building types listed in Section 9.3, exterior areas (new and alterations) shall comply
with the lighting power allowance and control requirements of Tables 9.3.1-1, 9.3.1-2, and
9.3.1-3.
9.4 Mandatory Provisions
9.4.1 Lighting Control
Building lighting controls shall be installed to meet the provisions of Sections 9.4.1.1,
9.4.1.2, 9.4.1.3, and 9.4.1.4.
9.4.1.1 Interior Lighting Controls
For each space in the building, all of the lighting control functions indicated in Table 9.6.1,
for the appropriate space type in the first column, and as described below, shall be imple-
mented. All control functions indicated as “REQ” are mandatory and shall be implemented.
If a space type has control functions indicated as “ADD1,” then at least one of those func-

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 165

9 Lighting
Table 9.3.1-2 Simplified Building Method for Retail Buildings

Interior Lighting
Interior Space Type Power Allowance Controls a
2
All spaces in retail buildings other than 1.00 W/ft All lighting shall be automatically controlled to turn off
parking garages, stairwells, and corridors when the building is either unoccupied or scheduled to be
unoccupied. (Exception: Lighting load not exceeding
0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by the gross lighted area of the
building shall be permitted to operate at all times.)
Each space shall have a manual control device that allows
the occupant to reduce lighting power by a minimum of
50% and to turn the lighting off.
Sales area 1.00 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled
• to reduce the general lighting power by a minimum of
75% during nonbusiness hours,
• to turn off all lighting other than general lighting during
nonbusiness hours, and
• by continuous daylight dimming controls b in spaces
with toplighting.
Stock rooms, dressing/fitting rooms, locker 1.00 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by;
rooms, and restrooms auto-ON or manual-ON occupant sensors, and continuous
daylight dimming controls b in spaces with toplighting.
Office spaces, conference rooms, meeting 1.00 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by;
rooms, training rooms, storage rooms, break manual-ON occupant sensors, and continuous daylight
rooms, and utility spaces dimming controls b in spaces with toplighting.
Stairwells and corridors in retail buildings and 1.00 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by occupant
parking garages sensors that reduce the lighting power by a minimum of
50% when no activity is detected for not longer than 20
minutes and be controlled to turn off when the building is
either unoccupied or scheduled to be unoccupied.
Parking garages 0.13 W/ft2 All lighting shall be automatically controlled to turn off
during garage nonoperating hours. Lighting shall also be
controlled by occupant sensors. Controls shall reduce the
power by a minimum of 50% when no activity is detected
for not longer than 20 minutes. No device shall control
more than 3600 ft2.
a. All lights in the space shall be controlled.
b. When the combined input power of the general lights completely or partially within the daylight areas is 150 W or greater.

tions shall be implemented. If a space type has control functions indicated as “ADD2,” then
at least one of those functions shall be implemented. For space types not listed, select a rea-
sonably equivalent type.
If using the Space-by-Space Method, the space type used for determining control
requirements shall be the same space type that is used for determining the LPD allowance.

a. Local control: There shall be one or more manual lighting controls in the space that
controls all of the lighting in the space. Each control device shall control an area (1)
no larger than 2500 ft2 if the space is £10,000 ft2 and (2) no larger than 10,000 ft2 oth-
erwise. The device installed to comply with this provision shall be readily accessible
and located so that the occupants can see the controlled lighting when using the con-
trol device.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(a)

Remote location of this local control device or devices shall be permitted for reasons of safety or
security when each remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the con-
trol device and the light is clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.

166 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting
Table 9.3.1-3 Simplified Building Method for School Buildings

Interior Lighting
Interior Space Type Power Allowance Controls a

All spaces in school buildings other than 0.70 W/ft2 All lighting shall be automatically controlled to turn off when
parking garages, stairwells, and corridors the building is either unoccupied or scheduled to be
unoccupied. (Exception: Lighting load not exceeding 0.02
W/ft2 multiplied by the gross lighted area of the building
shall be permitted to operate at all times.)
Each space shall have a manual control device that allows
the occupant to reduce lighting power by a minimum of 50%
and to turn the lighting off.

Classrooms, offices spaces, conference 0.70 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by manual-ON
rooms, meeting rooms, library, storage occupant sensors.
rooms, and break rooms

Gymnasiums and cafeterias 0.70 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by occupant sensors.
2
Restrooms 0.70 W/ft These spaces shall also be controlled by occupant sensors.

Stairwells and corridors in school buildings 0.70 W/ft2 These spaces shall also be controlled by occupant sensors
and parking garages that reduce the lighting power by a minimum of 50% when
no activity is detected for not longer than 20 minutes and be
controlled to turn off when the building is either unoccupied
or scheduled to be unoccupied.

Parking garages 0.13 W/ft2 All lighting shall be automatically controlled to turn off
during garage nonoperating hours. Lighting shall also be
controlled by occupant sensors. Controls shall reduce the
power by a minimum of 50% when no activity is detected for
not longer than 20 minutes. No device shall control more
than 3600 ft2.

a. All lights in the space shall be controlled.

Table 9.3.2 Simplified Building Method for Building Exteriors

Exterior Lighting Power

Exterior Area Type Allowancea,b Controls c

Base allowance 200 W Luminaires shall be turned off or the power reduced
by a minimum of 75% during nonoperating hours.

Façade lighting and special feature areas, 0.10 W/ft2 Luminaires shall be turned off or the power reduced
walkways, plazas by a minimum of 75% during nonoperating hours.

Landscape 0.04 W/ft2 Luminaires shall be turned off or the power reduced
by a minimum of 75% during nonoperating hours.

Entry doors 14 W/linear foot Luminaires shall be turned off or the power reduced
by a minimum of 75% during nonoperating hours.

Stairs and ramps 0.7 W/ft2 No additional controls required.

Parking lots and drives 0.05 W/ft2 Luminaires mounted 25 ft or less above grade shall
be controlled to reduce the power by at least 50%
when no activity is detected for not longer than 15
minutes.

All other areas not listed 0.20 W/ft2 Luminaires shall be turned off or the power reduced
by a minimum of 75% during nonoperating hours.

a. To calculate the exterior allowance, multiply the space or area square footage by the allowed W/ft2 and sum the exterior allowances and the base allowance.
Façade lighting shall be calculated separately by multiplying the façade area by the allowed W/ft2. Façade allowance shall not be traded with other exterior areas
or between separate façade areas.
b. For buildings in Lighting Zone 2, as defined in Table 9.4.2-1, decrease exterior allowances by 20%. For buildings in Lighting Zone 4, as defined in Table 9.4.2-1,
increase exterior allowances by 25%.
c. All exterior lighting shall be automatically controlled by either a photocell or an astronomical time switch to shut off the lighting when daylight is available.

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 167

9 Lighting

b. Restricted to manual ON: None of the lighting shall be automatically turned on.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(b)
Manual ON is not required where manual ON operation of the general lighting would endanger
the safety or security of the room or building occupants.

c. Restricted to partial automatic ON: No more than 50% of the lighting power for the
general lighting shall be allowed to be automatically turned on, and none of the
remaining lighting shall be automatically turned on.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(c)
Lighting in open-plan office spaces shall be allowed to turn on automatically to more than 50%,
provided the control zone is no larger than 600 ft2.

d. Bilevel lighting control: The general lighting in the space shall be controlled so as to
provide at least one intermediate step in lighting power or continuous dimming in
addition to full ON and full OFF. At least one intermediate step shall be between 30%
and 70% (inclusive) of full lighting power.
e. Automatic daylight responsive controls for sidelighting: In any space where the com-
bined input power of all general lighting completely or partially within the primary
sidelighted areas is 150 W or greater, the general lighting in the primary sidelighted
areas shall be controlled by photocontrols.
In any space where the combined input power of all general lighting completely or
partially within the primary sidelighted area and secondary sidelighted area is 300 W
or greater, the general lighting in the primary sidelighted area and secondary side-
lighted area shall be controlled by photocontrols. General lighting in the secondary
sidelighted area shall be controlled independently of the general lighting in the pri-
mary sidelighted area.
The control system shall have the following characteristics:
1. The calibration adjustment control shall be located no higher than 11 ft above the
finished floor. Calibration shall not require the physical presence of a person at the
sensor while it is processing.
2. The photocontrol shall reduce electric lighting power in response to available day-
light using continuous dimming to 20% or less and off.
3. When an automatic partial OFF control has reduced the lighting power to the unoc-
cupied set point in accordance with Section 9.4.1(g), the daylight responsive con-
trol shall adjust the electric light in response to available daylight, but it shall not
allow the lighting power to be above the unoccupied set point.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(e)
The following areas are exempted from Section 9.4.1.1(e):
1. Primary sidelighted areas where the top of any existing adjacent structure or natural object is
at least twice as high above the windows as its horizontal distance away from the windows.
2. Sidelighted areas where the total glazing area is less than 20 ft2.
3. Retail spaces.
4. Primary sidelighted areas adjacent to vertical fenestration that have external projections
and no vertical fenestration above the external projection, where the external projection has
a projection factor greater than 1.0 for north-oriented projections or where the external pro-
jection has a projection factor greater than 1.5 for all other orientations (see Figure 3.2-6).

f. Automatic daylight responsive controls for toplighting: In any space where the com-
bined input power for all general lighting completely or partially within daylight area
under skylights and daylight area under roof monitors is 150 W or greater, general

168 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting

lighting in the daylight area shall be controlled by photocontrols. The control system
shall have the following characteristics:
1. The calibration adjustment control shall be located no higher than 11 ft above the
finished floor. Calibration shall not require the physical presence of a person at the
sensor while it is processing.
2. The photocontrol shall reduce electric lighting power in response to available day-
light using continuous dimming to 20% or less and off.
3. When an automatic partial OFF control has reduced the lighting power to the unoc-
cupied set point in accordance with Section 9.4.1(g), the daylight responsive con-
trol shall adjust the electric light in response to available daylight, but it shall not
allow the lighting power to be above the unoccupied set point.
4. General lighting in overlapping toplighted and sidelighted daylight areas shall be
controlled together with general lighting in the daylight area under skylights or
daylight area under roof monitors.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(f)
The following areas are exempted from Section 9.4.1.1(f):
1. Daylight area under skylights where it is documented that existing adjacent structures or nat-
ural objects block direct sunlight for more than 1500 daytime hours per year between 8 a.m.
and 4 p.m.
2. Daylight area under skylights where the overall skylight effective aperture for the enclosed
space is less than 0.006.
3. In each space within buildings in Climate Zone 8 where the input power of the general
lighting within daylight areas is less than 200 W.

g. Automatic partial OFF (full OFF complies): The general lighting power in the space
shall be automatically reduced by at least 50% within 20 minutes of all occupants
leaving the space.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(g)
This requirement does not have to be complied with in spaces that meet all four of the following
requirements:
1. The space has an installed LPD of no more than 0.80 W/ft2.
2. The space is lighted by HID lamp.
3. The general lighting power in the space is automatically reduced by at least 30% within
20 minutes of all occupants leaving the space.
4. Lighting load does not exceed 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by the gross lighted floor area of the
building.

h. Automatic full OFF: All lighting, including lighting connected to emergency circuits,
shall be automatically shut off within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the space. A
control device meeting this requirement shall control no more than 5000 ft2.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(h)
The following lighting is not required to be automatically shut off:
1. General lighting and task lighting in shop and laboratory classrooms.
2. General lighting and task lighting in spaces where automatic shutoff would endanger the
safety or security of room or building occupants.
3. Lighting required for 24/7 operation.
4. Lighting load not exceeding 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by the gross lighted area of the building.

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 169

9 Lighting
i. Scheduled shutoff: All lighting in the space, including lighting connected to emer-
gency circuits, shall be automatically shut off during periods when the space is sched-
uled to be unoccupied using either (1) a time-of-day operated control device that
automatically turns the lighting off at specific programmed times or (2) a signal from
another automatic control device or alarm/security system. The control device or sys-
tem shall provide independent control sequences that (1) control the lighting for an
area of no more than 25,000 ft2, (2) include no more than one floor, and (3) shall be
programmed to account for weekends and holidays. Any manual control installed to
provide override of the scheduled shutoff control shall not turn the lighting on for
more than two hours per activation during scheduled off periods and shall not control
more than 5000 ft2.

Exception to 9.4.1.1(i)
The following lighting is not required to be on scheduled shutoff:
1. Lighting in spaces where lighting is required for 24/7 continuous operation.
2. Lighting in spaces where patient care is rendered.
3. Lighting in spaces where automatic shutoff would endanger the safety or security of the
room or building occupants.
4. Lighting load not exceeding 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by the gross lighted floor area of the
building.

j. Scheduled OFF during nonbusiness hours: Lighting shall be scheduled to provide

automatic OFF control so that lights are turned off at the end of business hours, using
either (1) a time-of-day operated control device that automatically turns the lighting
off at specific programmed times or (2) a signal from another automatic control
device or alarm/security system. Any manual control installed to provide override of
the scheduled control shall not turn the lighting on for more than two hours per activa-
tion during scheduled off periods.
9.4.1.2 Parking Garage Lighting Control
Lighting for parking garages shall comply with the following requirements:
a. Parking garage lighting shall have automatic lighting shutoff per Section 9.4.1.1(i).
b. Lighting power of each luminaire shall be automatically reduced by a minimum of
50% when there is no activity detected within a lighting zone for 10 minutes. Lighting
zones for this requirement shall be no larger than 3600 ft2.
c. Parking garage daylight transition lighting exempt per Section 9.2.3.1 shall be sepa-
rately controlled to automatically reduce the lighting to no more than the general light
level at night from sunset to sunrise.
d. The power to any luminaire within 20 ft of perimeter wall openings totaling at least
24 ft2 shall be automatically reduced through continuous dimming in response to
available daylight.

Exceptions to 9.4.1.2(d)

1. Parking garage daylight transition lighting exempt per Section 9.2.3.1.

2. Where permanent screens or architectural elements obstruct more than 50% of the opening.
3. Where the top of any existing adjacent structure or natural object is at least twice as high
above the openings as its horizontal distance from the opening.

9.4.1.3 Special Applications

Lighting controls noted in this section are the only required controls for this equipment and
these applications. Lighting exempt from interior lighting power shall be controlled in

170 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting

accordance with Table 9.2.3.1. Lighting using additional interior lighting power applications
shall be controlled in accordance with Section 9.6.2.
a. Lighting used for the following applications shall be equipped with a local control
independent of the control of the general lighting in accordance with Section
9.4.1.1(a). In addition, such lighting shall be controlled in accordance with Section
9.4.1.1(h) or Section 9.4.1.1(i).
1. Display or accent lighting
2. Lighting in display cases
b. Guestrooms
1. All lighting and all switched receptacles in guestrooms and suites in hotels,
motels, boarding houses, or similar buildings shall be automatically controlled
such that the power to the lighting and switched receptacles in each enclosed space
will be turned off within 20 minutes after all occupants leave that space.

Exception to 9.4.1.3(b)(1)
Enclosed spaces where the lighting and switched receptacles are controlled by card key controls
and bathrooms are exempt.

2. Bathrooms shall have a separate control device installed to automatically turn off
the bathroom lighting within 30 minutes after all occupants have left the bathroom.

Exception to 9.4.1.3(b)(2)
Night lighting of up to 5 W per bathroom is exempt.

c. Supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed undershelf or undercabi-

net lighting, shall be controlled from either
1. a control device integral to the luminaires or
2. a local control independent of the control of the general lighting in accordance
with Section 9.4.1.1(a).
In addition, such lighting shall be controlled in accordance with Section 9.4.1.1(h)
or Section 9.4.1.1(i).
9.4.1.4 Exterior Lighting Control
Lighting for exterior applications not exempted in Section 9.1 shall meet the following
requirements:
a. Lighting shall be controlled by a device that automatically turns off the lighting when
sufficient daylight is available.
b. All building façade and landscape lighting shall be automatically shut off between mid-
night or business closing, whichever is later, and 6 a.m. or business opening, whichever
comes first, or between times established by the authority having jurisdiction.
c. Lighting not specified in Section 9.4.1.4(b) and lighting for signage shall be con-
trolled by a device that automatically reduces the connected lighting power by at least
50% for at least one of the following conditions:
1. From 12 midnight or within one hour of the end of business operations, whichever
is later, until 6 a.m. or business opening, whichever is earlier
2. During any period when no activity has been detected for a time of no longer than
15 minutes
d. Luminaires serving outdoor parking areas and having a rated input wattage of greater
than 78 W and a mounting height of 24 ft or less above the ground shall be controlled
to automatically reduce the power of each luminaire by a minimum of 50% when no
activity has been detected in the area illuminated by the controlled luminaires for a

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 171

9 Lighting
Table 9.4.2-1 Exterior Lighting Zones

Lighting Zone Description

0 Undeveloped areas within national parks, state parks, forest land, rural areas, and other undeveloped areas as
defined by the authority having jurisdiction

1 Developed areas of national parks, state parks, forest land, and rural areas

2 Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business districts, light industrial with
limited nighttime use and residential mixed use areas

3 All other areas

4 High-activity commercial districts in major metropolitan areas as designated by the local jurisdiction

time of no longer than 15 minutes. No more than 1500 W of lighting power shall be
controlled together.
All time switches shall be capable of retaining programming and the time setting during
loss of power for a period of at least ten hours.

Exception to 9.4.1.4
1. Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where
required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.
2. Lighting that is integral to signage and installed in the signage by the manufacturer.

9.4.2 Exterior Building Lighting Power

The total exterior lighting power allowance for all exterior building applications is the sum of
the base site allowance plus the individual allowances for areas that are designed to be illumi-
nated and are permitted in Table 9.4.2-2 for the applicable lighting zone in Table 9.4.2-1. The
installed exterior lighting power identified in accordance with Section 9.1.3 shall not
exceed the exterior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with this section.
Trade-offs are allowed only among exterior lighting applications listed in the Table 9.4.2-2
“Tradable Surfaces” section. The lighting zone for the building exterior is determined from
Table 9.4.2-1 unless otherwise specified by the local jurisdiction.

Exception to 9.4.2
1. Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with a con-
trol device that complies with the requirements of Section 9.4.1.4 and is independent of the
control of the nonexempt lighting:
a. Lighting that is integral to signage and installed in the signage by the manufacturer.
b. Lighting for athletic playing areas.
c. Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and associated
storage areas.
d. Theme elements in theme/amusement parks.
e. Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments, public art displays, and regis-
tered historic landmark structures or buildings.
f. Lighting for water features.
2. Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when controlled separately:
a. Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation.
b. Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its manufacturer.
c. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production, and
video production.
d. Temporary lighting.
e. Lighting for hazardous locations.
f. Lighting for swimming pools.
g. Searchlights.

172 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting
Table 9.4.2-2 Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors

Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

Base Site Allowance (Base allowance may be used in tradable or nontradable surfaces.)
No allowance 350 W 400 W 500 W 900 W
Tradable Surfaces
(LPD allowances for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, building entrances, exits and loading docks, canopies and
overhangs, and outdoor sales areas may be traded.)
Uncovered Parking Areas
Parking areas and drives No allowance 0.03 W/ft2 0.04 W/ft2 0.06 W/ft2 0.08 W/ft2
Building Grounds
Walkways/ramps less No allowance 0.5 W/linear foot 0.5 W/linear foot 0.6 W/linear foot 0.7 W/linear foot
than 10 ft wide
Walkways/ramps 10 ft No allowance 0.10 W/ft2 0.10 W/ft2 0.11 W/ft2 0.14 W/ft2
wide or greater
Plaza areas
Special feature areas
Dining areas No allowance 0.65 W/ft2 0.65 W/ft2 0.75 W/ft2 0.95 W/ft2
Stairways No allowance 0.6 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2
Pedestrian tunnels No allowance 0.12 W/ft2 0.12 W/ft2 0.14 W/ft2 0.21 W/ft2
Landscaping No allowance 0.03 W/ft2 0.04 W/ft2 0.04 W/ft2 0.04 W/ft2
Building Entrances, Exits, and Loading Docks
Pedestrian and vehicular No allowance 14 W/lin ft 14 W/lin ft 21 W/lin ft 21 W/lin ft
entrances and exits of opening of opening of opening of opening
Entry canopies No allowance 0.20 W/ft2 0.20 W/ft2 0.20 W/ft2 0.20 W/ft2
Loading docks No allowance 0.35 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2
Sales Canopies
Free standing and No allowance 0.4 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2 0.6 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2
attached
Outdoor Sales
Open areas (including No allowance 0.2 W/ft2 0.2 W/ft2 0.20 W/ft2 0.20 W/ft2
vehicle sales lots)
Street frontage for No allowance No allowance 7 W/linear foot 7 W/linear foot 21 W/linear foot
vehicle sales lots in
addition to “open area”
allowance
Nontradable Surfaces
(LPD allowances for the following applications can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces
or with other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowance otherwise permitted in the “Tradable
Surfaces” section of this table.)
Building facades No allowance No allowance 0.1 W/ft2 of façade 0.15 W/ft2 of façade 0.2 W/ft2 of façade
(The allowance for each area or 2.5 W/linear area or 3.75 W/ area or 5.0 W/linear
illuminated facade foot of façade linear foot of façade foot of façade length
orientation shall be length length
calculated by multiplying
the allowable value by
the entire façade area or
facade length for that
orientation.)
Automated teller No allowance 135 W per location 135 W per location 135 W per location 135 W per location
machines and night plus 45 W per plus 45 W per plus 45 W per plus 45 W per
depositories additional ATM per additional ATM per additional ATM per additional ATM per
location location location location

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 173

9 Lighting
Table 9.4.2-2 Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors (Continued)

Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

2 2 2
Uncovered entrances No allowance 0.5 W/ft 0.5 W/ft 0.5 W/ft 0.5 W/ft2
and gatehouse
inspection stations at
guarded facilities
Uncovered loading No allowance 0.35 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2
areas for law
enforcement, fire,
ambulance,
and other emergency
service vehicles
Drive-through windows/ No allowance 200 W per 200 W per 200 W per 200 W per
doors drive-through drive-through drive-through drive-through
Parking near 24-hour No allowance 400 W per 400 W per 400 W per 400 W per
retail entrances main entry main entry main entry main entry
Roadway/parking entry, A single No additional No additional No additional No additional
trail head, and toilet luminaire of allowance allowance allowance allowance
facility, or other locations 25 W or less
approved by the
authority having
jurisdiction.
For areas that are not No allowance 65% of the interior 65% of the interior 80% of the interior 100% of the interior
listed in this table or are lighting power lighting power lighting power lighting power
not comparable to areas allowance value allowance value allowance value allowance value
listed in this table, use
the comparable interior
space type from Table
9.6.1 as modified by
factors in this row.

9.4.3 Dwelling Units

Not less than 75% of the permanently installed lighting fixtures shall use lamps with an effi-
cacy of at least 55 lm/W or have a total luminaire efficacy of at least 45 lm/W. No other pro-
visions of Section 9 apply to dwelling units.

Exception to 9.4.3:

1. Lighting that is controlled with dimmers or controlled in accordance with Section

9.4.1.1(h).
2. Hotel/motel guest rooms. The requirements for hotel/motel guest rooms are covered in
Table 9.6.1 and Section 9.4.1.3(b).

9.5 Building Area Method Compliance Path

9.5.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance
Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the Building
Area Method:
a. Determine the appropriate building area type from Table 9.5.1 and the corresponding
LPD allowance. For building area types not listed, selection of a reasonably equiva-
lent type shall be permitted.
b. Determine the gross lighted floor area in ft2 of the building area type.
c. Multiply the gross lighted floor areas of the building area types times the LPD.
d. The interior lighting power allowance for the building is the sum of the lighting
power allowances of all building area types. Trade-offs among building area types are
permitted, provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the
interior lighting power allowance.

174 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting
Table 9.5.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the
Building Area Method

Building Area Typea LPD, W/ft2

Automotive facility 0.75
Convention center 0.64
Courthouse 0.79
Dining: Bar lounge/leisure 0.80
Dining: Cafeteria/fast food 0.76
Dining: Family 0.71
Dormitory 0.53
Exercise center 0.72
Fire station 0.56
Gymnasium 0.76
Health-care clinic 0.81
Hospital 0.96
Hotel/motel 0.56
Library 0.83
Manufacturing facility 0.82
Motion picture theater 0.44
Multifamily 0.45
Museum 0.55
Office 0.64
Parking garage 0.18
Penitentiary 0.69
Performing arts theater 0.84
Police station 0.66
Post office 0.65
Religious facility 0.67
Retail 0.84
School/university 0.72
Sports arena 0.76
Town hall 0.69
Transportation 0.50
Warehouse 0.45
Workshop 0.91
a. In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed,
the specific building area type shall apply.

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 175

9 Lighting
9.6 Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-Space Method

9.6.1 Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the Space-by-
Space Method:

a. For each space enclosed by partitions that are 80% of the ceiling height or taller,
determine the appropriate space type and the corresponding LPD allowance from
Table 9.6.1. If a space has multiple functions, where more than one space type is
applicable, that space shall be broken up into smaller subspaces, each using its own
space type from Table 9.6.1. Any of these subspaces that are smaller in floor area than
20% of the original space and less than 1000 ft2 need not be broken out separately.
Include the floor area of balconies and other projections in this calculation.
b. In calculating the area of each space and subspace, the limits of the area are defined
by the centerline of interior walls, the dividing line between subspaces, and the out-
side surface of exterior walls or semiexterior walls. For the purposes of this section,
semiexterior walls that separate semiheated space from conditioned space shall be
considered interior walls.
c. Based on the space type selected for each space or subspace, determine the lighting
power allowance of each space or subspace by multiplying the calculated area of the
space or subspace by the appropriate LPD allowance determined in Section 9.6.1(a). For
space types not listed, selection of a reasonable equivalent category shall be permitted.
d. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of lighting power allowances of all
spaces and subspaces. Trade-offs among spaces and subspaces are permitted, pro-
vided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior light-
ing power allowance.

9.6.2 Additional Interior Lighting Power

When using the Space-by-Space Method, an increase in the interior lighting power allowance
is allowed for specific lighting functions. Additional power shall be allowed only if the speci-
fied lighting is installed and controlled independently of the general lighting in accordance
with Section 9.4.1.1(j). This additional power shall be used only for the specified luminaires
and shall not be used for any other purpose unless otherwise indicated. Lighting control
requirements referenced in Section 9.6.2 are the only required controls for these applications.
An increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted in the following cases:

a. For each space in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to the general
lighting for the purpose of decorative appearance or for highlighting art or exhibits
not exempted in Table 9.2.3.1, Item 11, provided that the additional lighting power
shall not exceed 0.75 W/ft2 of such spaces.
b. For lighting equipment installed in sales areas and specifically designed and directed
to highlight merchandise, calculate the additional lighting power as follows:

Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance =

1000 W + (Retail Area 1 × 0.45 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 2 × 0.45 W/ft2)
+ (Retail Area 3 × 1.05 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 4 × 1.88 W/ft2)

where

176 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1 For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])
Common Space Types1 LPD Allowances, W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i
Atrium

<20 ft in height 0.39 NA REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

³20 ft and £40 ft in height 0.48 NA REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

>40 ft in height 0.60 11 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Audience Seating Area

Auditorium 0.61 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Gymnasium 0.23 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Motion picture theater 0.27 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Penitentiary 0.67 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Performing arts theater 1.16 8 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Religious facility 0.72 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Sports arena 0.33 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

All other audience seating areas 0.23 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Banking Activity Area 0.61 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Breakroom (See Lounge/Breakroom)

Classroom/Lecture Hall/Training Room

Penitentiary 0.89 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ

All other classrooms/lecture halls/training 0.71 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ
rooms
1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.

9 Lighting
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
177

8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.

 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method (Continued)

9 Lighting
178

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1. For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])

Common Space Types1 LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i

Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose Room 0.97 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ

Confinement Cells 0.70 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Copy/Print Room 0.31 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ

Corridor2

Facility for the visually impaired 0.71 width <8 ft REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(and not used primarily by the staff)3

Hospital 0.71 width <8 ft REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2 ADD2

All other corridors 0.41 width <8 ft REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Courtroom 1.20 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Computer Room 0.94 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Dining Area

Penitentiary 0.42 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

Facility for the visually impaired 1.27 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(and not used primarily by staff)3

Bar/lounge or leisure dining 0.86 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Cafeteria or fast food dining 0.40 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Family dining 0.60 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

All other dining areas 0.43 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.
 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method (Continued)
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1. For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])

Common Space Types1 LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i

7 0.43 6 REQ REQ REQ
Electrical/Mechanical Room
Emergency Vehicle Garage 0.52 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Food Preparation Area 1.09 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Guest Room 0.41 6 See Section 9.4.1.3(b).
Laboratory
In or as a classroom 1.11 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
All other laboratories 1.33 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Laundry/Washing Area 0.53 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Loading Dock, Interior 0.88 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Lobby
Facility for the visually impaired 1.69 4 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(and not used primarily by the staff)3
Elevator 0.65 6 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Hotel 0.51 4 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Motion picture theater 0.23 4 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Performing arts theater 1.25 6 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
All other lobbies 0.84 4 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Locker Room 0.52 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ
Lounge/Breakroom
Healthcare facility 0.42 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ

All other lounges/breakrooms 0.59 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ

1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,

9 Lighting
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
179

8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.

 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method (Continued)

9 Lighting
180

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1. For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])

Common Space Types1 LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i

Office

Enclosed and £250 ft2 0.74 8 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ

2 0.66 8 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Enclosed and >250 ft
Open plan 0.61 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Parking Area, Interior 0.15 4 See Section 9.4.1.2.

Pharmacy Area 1.66 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Restroom
Facility for the visually impaired (and not used 1.26 8 REQ REQ REQ
primarily by the staff)3
All other restrooms 0.63 8 REQ REQ REQ

Sales Area4 1.05 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Seating Area, General 0.23 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

Stairway The space containing the stairway shall determine the LPD and control requirements for the stairway.

Stairwell 0.49 10 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Storage Room

<50 ft2 0.51 9 REQ ADD2 ADD2

³50 ft2 0.38 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ

Vehicular Maintenance Area 0.60 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Workshop 1.26 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.
 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method (Continued)
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1. For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])

Building Type Specific/Space Types1 LPD W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i

3
Facility for the Visually Impaired

Chapel (used primarily by residents) 0.70 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Recreation room/common living room 1.77 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(and not used primarily by staff)

Automotive (See “Vehicular Maintenance Area”)

Convention Center—Exhibit Space 0.61 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Dormitory—Living Quarters 0.50 8 REQ

Fire Station—Sleeping Quarters 0.23 6 REQ

Gymnasium/Fitness Center

Exercise area 0.90 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Playing area 0.85 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Healthcare Facility

Exam/treatment room 1.40 8 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Imaging room 0.94 6 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Medical supply room 0.62 6 (See “Storage Room” under “Common Space Types” for control requirements.)

Nursery 0.92 6 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Nurse’s station 1.17 6 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Operating room 2.26 6 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Patient room 0.68 6 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,

9 Lighting
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
181

8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.

 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method (Continued)

9 Lighting
182

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1. For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])

Building Type Specific/Space Types1 LPD W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i

Physical therapy room 0.91 6 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Recovery room 1.25 6 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Library
Reading area 0.96 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Stacks 1.18 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Manufacturing Facility
Detailed manufacturing area 0.80 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Equipment room 0.76 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Extra high bay area 1.42 8 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(>50 ft floor-to-ceiling height)
High bay area 1.24 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(25 to 50 ft floor-to-ceiling height)
Low bay area 0.86 3 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
(<25 ft floor-to-ceiling height)
Museum
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

General exhibition area 0.31 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Restoration room 1.10 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Performing Arts Theater—Dressing Room 0.41 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ
Post Office—Sorting Area 0.76 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Religious Facility
Fellowship hall 0.54 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Worship/pulpit/choir area 0.85 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.
 Table 9.6.1 Lighting Power Density Allowances Using the Space-by-Space Method and Minimum Control Requirements Using Either Method (Continued)
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

The control functions below shall be implemented in accordance with the descriptions found in the referenced paragraphs within
Section 9.4.1.1. For each space type:
(1) All REQs shall be implemented.
(2) At least one ADD1 (when present) shall be implemented.
(3) At least one ADD2 (when present) shall be implemented.
Automatic Automatic
Restricted Daylight Daylight Automatic
to Partial Bilevel Responsive Responsive Partial OFF
Restricted to Automatic Lighting Controls for Controls for (See Section Automatic Scheduled
Informative Note: This table is divided into two sections; this first section covers space Local Control Manual ON ON (See Control Sidelighting Toplighting 9.4.1.1[g] Full OFF Shutoff
types that can be commonly found in multiple building types. The second part of this table (See Section (See Section Section (See Section (See Section (See Section [Full Off (See Section (See Section
covers space types that are typically found in a single building type. 9.4.1.1[a]) 9.4.1.1[b]) 9.4.1.1[c]) 9.4.1.1[d]) 9.4.1.1[e]6) 9.4.1.1[f]6) complies]) 9.4.1.1[h]) 9.4.1.1[i])

Building Type Specific/Space Types1 LPD W/ft2 RCR Threshold a b c d e f g h i

Retail Facilities

Dressing/fitting room 0.51 8 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ

Mall concourse 0.82 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Sports Arena—Playing Area8

Class I facility 2.94 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Class II facility 2.01 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Class III facility 1.30 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Class IV facility 0.86 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Transportation Facility

Baggage/carousel area 0.39 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Airport concourse 0.25 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Ticket counter 0.51 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

Warehouse—Storage Area

Medium to bulky, palletized items 0.33 4 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2

5 0.69 6 REQ ADD1 ADD1 REQ REQ REQ REQ ADD2 ADD2
Smaller, hand-carried items

1. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply
2. In corridors, the extra lighting power density allowance is permitted when the width of the corridor is less than 8 ft and is not based on the RCR.
3. A “Facility for the Visually Impaired” is a facility that can be documented as being designed to comply with the light levels in ANSI/IES RP-28 and is licensed or will be licensed by local/state authorities for either senior long-term care, adult daycare,
senior support and/or people with special visual needs.
4. For accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b).

9 Lighting
5. Sometimes referred to as a “Picking Area.”
6. Automatic daylight responsive controls are mandatory only if the requirements of the specified sections are present.
7. An additional 0.52 W/ft2 shall be allowed, provided that the additional lighting is controlled separately from the base allowance of 0.43 W/ft 2. The additional 0.52 W/ft2 allowance shall not be used for any other purpose.
8. Class of play as defined by IES RP-6.
183
9 Lighting
Table 9.6.3 Control Factors Used in Calculating Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Space Type

Conference Lobby, Atrium,

Room, Dining Area,
Meeting Corridors/
Room, Stairways, Gym/
Classroom Retail Pool, Mall
Additional Control Method Open Private (Lecture/ Sales Concourse,
(in Addition to Mandatory Requirements) Office Office Training) Area Parking Garage

Manual, continuous dimming control or programmable 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0

multilevel dimming control

Programmable multilevel dimming control using 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10
programmable time scheduling

Occupancy sensors controlling the downlight component of 0.25a 0 0 0 0

workstation specific luminaires with continuous dimming to
off capabilities

Occupancy sensors controlling the downlight component of 0.30a,b 0 0 0 0

workstation specific luminaires with continuous dimming to
off operation, in combination with personal continuous
dimming control of downlight illumination by workstation
occupant
a. Control factor is limited to workstation-specific luminaires in partitioned single occupant work spaces contained within an open office environment (i.e. direct-
indirect luminaires with separately controlled downlight and uplight components, with the downward component providing illumination to a single occupant in
an open plan workstation). Within 30 minutes of the occupant leaving the space, the downward component shall continuously dim to off over a minimum of two
minutes. Upon the occupant entering the space, the downward component shall turn on at the minimum level and continuously raise the illumination to a preset
level over a minimum of 30 seconds. The uplight component of workstation specific luminaire shall comply with Section 9.4.1.1(h) (automatic full off).
b. In addition to the requirements described in footnote (a), the control shall allow the occupant to select their preferred light level via a personal computer, handheld
device, or similarly accessible device located within the workstation.

Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in Retail Areas 2, 3, or 4
Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods, and small
electronics
Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics, and
artwork
Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china

Exception to 9.6.2
Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above, provided that
justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, con-
trast, or other critical display is approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

9.6.3 Additional Interior Lighting Power Using Nonmandatory Controls

An additional lighting power allowance shall be permitted for space types with nonmanda-
tory controls installed as identified in Table 9.6.3 when all mandatory controls are used
according to Section 9.4. This allowance is added to the interior lighting power allowance
and is calculated as follows:
Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance =
Lighting Power Under Control × Control Factor

where
Lighting Power Under Control = the total input watts of all lamps being controlled using
the control method indicated
Control Factor = the value given in Table 9.6.3 for the corresponding
space type and control method

184 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P)

 9 Lighting

9.6.4 Room Geometry Adjustment

When using the Space-by-Space Method, an adjustment of the space LPD allowance is per-
mitted for individual spaces where room cavity ratio (RCR) calculated for the empty room is
documented to be greater than the RCR threshold for that space type shown in Table 9.6.1.
RCR = 2.5 × Room Cavity Height × Room Perimeter Length/Room Area

where Room Cavity Height = Luminaire Mounting Height – Workplane.

For corridor/transition spaces, this adjustment is allowed when the corridor is less than
8 ft wide, regardless of the RCR.
The LPD allowance for these spaces may be increased by the following amount:
LPD Increase = Base Space LPD × 0.20

where Base Space LPD = the applicable LPD allowance from Table 9.6.1.
9.7 Submittals
9.7.1 General
Compliance documentation and supplemental information shall be submitted in accordance
with Section 4.2.2.
9.7.2 Permit Application Documentation (Not Used)
9.7.3 Completion Requirements
9.7.3.1 Record Documents
Construction documents shall require that within 90 days after the date of system accep-
tance, record documents be provided to the building owner or the designated representative
of the building owner. Record documents shall include, as a minimum, the location, lumi-
naire identifier, control, and circuiting for each piece of lighting equipment.
9.7.3.2 Manuals
Construction documents shall require for all lighting equipment and lighting controls that an
operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the building owner or the desig-
nated representative of the building owner within 90 days after the date of system accep-
tance. These manuals shall include, at a minimum, the following:
a. Submittal data indicating all selected options for each piece of lighting equipment,
including but not limited to lamps, ballasts, drivers, and lighting controls.
b. Operation and maintenance manuals for each piece of lighting equipment and lighting
controls with routine maintenance clearly identified including, as a minimum, a rec-
ommended relamping/cleaning program and a schedule for inspecting and recalibrat-
ing all lighting controls.
c. A complete narrative of how each lighting control system is intended to operate,
including recommended settings.
9.7.3.3 Daylighting Documentation
The design documents shall identify all luminaires for general lighting that are located
within daylight areas under skylights, daylight areas under roof monitors, and primary side-
lighted area and secondary sidelighted areas.
9.8 Product Information (Not Used)
9.9 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning
9.9.1 Verification and Testing
Lighting control devices and control systems shall be tested in accordance with this section
and Section 4.2.5.1 to verify that control hardware and software are calibrated, adjusted,
programmed, and in proper working condition in accordance with the construction docu-
ments and manufacturer’s installation instructions. When occupancy sensors, time switches,

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 (I-P) 185

 programmable schedule controls, or photosensors are installed, at a minimum, the following
procedures shall be performed:
a. Occupancy Sensors
1. Certify that the sensor has been located and aimed in accordance with manufac-
turer recommendations.
2. For projects with up to seven (7) occupancy sensors, all occupancy sensors shall
be tested.
3. For projects with more than seven (7) occupancy sensors, testing shall be per-
formed for each unique combination of sensor type and space geometry.
(a) For each sensor to be tested, verify the following:
(1) Status indicator (as applicable) operates correctly.
(2) Controlled lights turn off or down to the permitted level within the
required time.
(3) For auto-ON occupancy sensors, the lights turn on to the permitted level
when someone enters the space.
(4) For manual-ON sensors, the lights turn on only when manually activated.
(5) The lights are not incorrectly turned on by movement in nearby areas or
by HVAC operation.
b. Automatic Time Switches
1. Confirm that the automatic time-switch control is programmed with weekday,
weekend, and holiday (as applicable) schedules.
2. Document for the owner automatic time-switch programming, including weekday,
weekend, and holiday schedules, as well as all setup and preference program set-
tings.
3. Verify that correct time and date are properly set in the time switch.
4. Verify that any battery backup (as applicable) is installed and energized.
5. Verify that the override time limit is set to no more than two (2) hours.
6. Simulate occupied condition. Verify and document the following:
(a) All lights can be turned on and off by their respective area control switch.
(b) The switch only operates lighting in the enclosed space in which the switch is
located.
7. Simulate unoccupied condition. Verify and document the following:
(a) All nonexempt lighting turns off.
(b) Manual override switch allows only the lights in the enclosed space where the
override switch is located to turn on or remain on until the next scheduled shut
off occurs.
c. Daylight Controls
1. All control devices (photocontrols) have been properly located and field-cali-
brated, to set points and threshold light levels.
2. Daylight controlled lighting loads adjust in response to available daylight.
3. The location where calibration adjustments are made is readily accessible only to
authorized personnel.
Verification and FTP documentation shall comply with Section 4.2.5.1.2.
9.9.2 Commissioning
The energy performance of the lighting systems shall be commissioned in accordance with
Section 4.2.5.2, and reporting shall comply with Section 4.2.5.2.2.

Informative Note
See Informative Appendices E and H for commissioning references and guidance.