POST 1 -EXAM RATIO CORPUZ

1. decrease calcium level . Parathyroid hormone concentration would be :

A. increased (ans)
B. Decreased
C. not affected

2. the drawing shows : shift,systematic error ( may 6 consecutive na dot on one side of the
mean )

3. The best specimen for screening test for newborn undergoing metabolic disorder :
answer: Blood spot on filter paper

4. Respiratory acidosis compensation

A. Decrease HCO3 reabsorption, decrease ph
B. Decrease HCO3 reabsorption, increase ph
C. Increase HCO3 reabsorption, increase ph
D. Increase HCO3 reabsorption, decrease ph

5. Urinary excretion product measured as an indicator of epinephrine production is

A. Homovallinic acid
B. Dopamine
C. Vanillylmandelic Acid
D. DOPA

6. Dilution if 7ml serum sample is mixed with 56ml of NSS

A. 1/15
B. 1/19
C. 1/9
D. ⅛

7.What is the conversion factor of T4?

A. 0.0595
B. 0.357
C. 12.9
D. 0.5555

8 .What is the carbonic level of the following ?

pH :7 , PCO2 : 26mmHg, HCO3: 32 mmol
ANSWER: Carbonic acid =PCO2 x 0.03
=0.78

9 .What is not directly proportional to absorbance ?

A.Path length
B.Absorptivity
C.Concentration
D.Transmittance

10. Glucose has a mean of 92.22. Standard deviation of 8.34. What would be the
accepted range of the laboratory QC.
A. 66.33-99.78
B. 88.30-100.42
C. 83.88-100.57
D. 98.33-100.42
11. Lipemia sample
A. 300 mg/dl (TG)
B. 250 mg/dl (TG)
C. 200 mg/dl (TG)
D. 450 mg/dl (TG)

12. Falsely elevated serum in non-fasting sample

A. HDL
B. LDL
C. Cholesterol
D. Triglycerides

13. Which instrument requires a primary and secondary monochromator?

A. Spectrophotometer
B. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
C. Fluorometer
D. Nephelometer

14. What is the specimen of choice for analysis of acid-base disturbances involving
pulmonary dysfunction in an adult?
A. Venous blood
B. Arterial blood
C. Capillary blood
D. 24-hour urine

15. How much 95% alcohol is required to prepare 1 L of 70% alcohol?

- 7.4L or 736L

19. Lipoprotein that is a risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction?

a. VLDL
b. CM
c. LDL
d. HDL

20. Decrease in LD1 level

a. Lung disease
b. Liver disease
c. coronary heart disease

21. Incorrect SI unit

a. Luminous intensity: Candela
b. mass : gram
c. enzyme : katal
d. length : meter

22. What are enzymes?

a. Lipids
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic acid

23. UV light
a. Shorter wavelength, low energy
 b. Shorter wavelength, high energy
c. Longer wavelength, low energy
d. Longer wavelength, high energy

24. Conversion factor of cholesterol

a. 0.0167
b. 0.0595
c. 0.0555
d. 0.026

25. Catecholamine determination testing in what sample?

a. fresh capillary blood,
b. heparinized CSF
c. 24 hour urine
d. heparinized WB

26. LD concentration is extremely elevated. Dilution is added 0.1 ml of patients serum

+ 0.9mL diluent. Add 2 mL patient serum from the initial dilution and 3 mL diluent.
After testing, LD concentration is 120 U/L. What is the final LD concentration?
a. 6000 U/L
b. 1200 U/L
c. 2600 U/L
d. 3000 U/L

27. Conversion factor is correct except for

a. Chloride: mmol/L, 1
b. Bilirubin: mmol/L, 17.1
c. Creatinine: mmol/L, 88.4
d. Bicarbonate: mmol/L, 1

28. pH: increase;

PCO2 : decrease;
HCO3: normal
a. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
b. Partial compensated metabolic alkalosis
c. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
d. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

29. Deteriorate QC
a. Use new calibrator
b. Analyzer
c. Use new lot no.
d. Method

30. Relationship of Light and energy

- ANS : Short wavelength high energy

31. Incorrect SI unit

- Enzyme:

32. Best to use of photometric Accuracy at 600 nmn

- Didymium glass

33. Which of the ff. Correctly describes the relation of Wavelength and Energy of the
emitted light
 - Quartz cuvettes

34. Markedly increase in ckd in the myoglobinuria is an indicative of?

35. One of the two test run above +2s and the other is in below -2s what this mean
- ANSWER: 2 2s Systematic error

36. Which of the following pairs of lipoprotein classes transports triglycerides

- ANSWER: Chylomicrons and VLDL

40. How much 80% of ethanol is needed to prepare 500ml of 30%ethanol

- 4.7 ml
- 4.8 ml
- 0.187 L
- 0.188 L

41. Hc (delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol) is the principal active component of what drug?

- marijuana
- codeine
- benzadopenin
- morphine in

42. Which of the ff hormones increases blood glucose level

- renin
- aldostetone
- growth hormone
- calcitonin

43. Amperometry is the principle of?

- PO2

44. Metabolic hormones

- epinephrine and norepinephrine

45. Responsible for arginine vasopressin

- Hypothalamus

46. Presence of artifactual absorbance readings is corrected using:

- ANSWER: Reagent blank

47. What is the reference method for the quantitation of lipoproteins

- ANSWER. ULTRACENTRIFUGATION

48. When performing batch analysis, what serves as reaction vessel in continuous
flow analyzers
- ANSWER: TUBING

49. Which substance forms hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water

A. BASE
B. ACID - produces hydrogen ions, hydronium ion

50. During internal qc medtech decide whether to reject or accept values regardless
whether they are in or out of control with a proficiency of
- ANSWER: 95% : (+- 2SD) most commonly used interval
68.3%: (+-1SD)
 99.7%: (+- 3SD)

51. Analytic method that measures only the specific analyte

A. Analytical Sensitivity- measure smallest concentration
B. Diagnostic Specificity- detect portion of individuals without the disease (detect true
neg with very few false pos)
C. Diagnostic Sensitivity- detect portion of individuals with the disease (more true pos
and fewer false neg)
D. Analytical Specificity - measure only the analyte of interest (specific analyte)

55. All are true regarding proficiency testing except;

a. Uses a method in conformance to the manufacturer’s specifications
b. Part of Quality control
c. Also referred as quality assessment
d. Daily monitoring of control samples - daily monitoring is for Internal QC; Proficiency
testing is A.K.A External QC/ Interlab → Long term accuracy

56. Comparison of two consecutive measurement of the same test on the same
patient:
a. Analytical run
b. Delta chek
c. Interference experiment
d. Predictive value

57. Used as an index of precision

a. Range
b. SD
c. CV
d. Mean

58. The angle of this instrument’s emission filter is 90 degrees towards the detector:
a. Spectrophotometry
b. Fluorometry
c. Nephelometry
d. Photometry

59. Panic value of blood glucose

a. 60 mg/dL
b. 40 mg/dL
c. 50 mg/dL
d. 70 mg/dL

60. Pictogram:

a. Warning
b. Danger
c. Harmful
d. Toxicity
61. Which of the following is not true in centrifugation?
A. brack mechanism monthly
B. Speed quarterly
C. Disinfection weekly
D. Timer weekly

62. Which of the following is Stimulus of calcitonin release?

A. hypocalcemia
B. Hypoosmolar plasma
C. Hyperosmolar plasma
D. Hypercalcemia

63. Probability of negative in the absence of disease.

TP- 226
FN-3
TN- 417
FN- 9
A.97.89%
B. 97.88%
C. 99.28%
D. 99.27%

64. Hydrogen ion is determined in which part of the electrode

- ANSWER: Glass Slide

65. Acceptable range within the LJ Chart

- ANSWER: Within +/- 1SD

66. Ways in preventing hemolysis in blood except:

- ANSWER: Gauge 23 is more preferred than Gauge 21

67.Primary mechanism of compensation for metabollic alkalosis

- Metabolic Alkalosis

68. Determine molarity Mass of NaOH= 230 g MW of NaOH=40g/mol Volume of

Solution = 800 ml
- 7

69. Electrolyte best correlated to plasma osmolality

- Na

70. INCORRECTLY MATCHED

A. Magnesium: MAJOR INTRACELLULAR ANION
B. Sodium: MAJORr EXTRACELLULAR CATION
C. Potassium: MAJOR INTRACELLULAR CATION
D. CHLORIDE: MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR ANION

71. It is the ability of the test to detect the presence of disease

A. Sensitivity
B. Specificity
C. PPV
D. NPV

72. pH: 7.52 pCO2: 20 HCO3: 24

a. Hypokalemia
 b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypernatremia
d. HYponatremia

73. Type of bilirubin present in prehepatic jaundice

a. Conjugated
b. Unconjugated

74. Cause to reject in Levey Jenning

a. if above or below +/- 2s

75. Black belts dedicate their time

a. 100%

76. Metal ion required for enzyme activation

A. Activator

77. In Laboratory safety, health should:

A. Exposure to biohazard
B. Emergency disaster
C. Ergonomic

78. Major cation found in the whole body

C. Calcium

82. What is plumbism?

- ANSWER: LEAD POISONING

83. Which test should be used to monitor glucose levels three weeks from now?
- ANSWER: FRUCTOSAMINE

84. G6PD and LDH belong to what enzyme class?

- ANSWER: OXIDOREDUCTASE

85. It covers overall testing

- ANSWER: QUALITY ASSURANCE

86. It “reduces wastes”

- ANSWER: LEAN

86. All of the following are pre-analytic phase except:

89. It is the measure of the standard deviation expressed as a percentage of a mean

ANSWER: Coefficient of variation

90. What is the expected absorbance and concentration if the transmittance is Low
Answer: Both High

91. True about blood PH

92. SI units for temperature

Answer: Kelvin

93. Which of the following Lipoproteins doesn’t have Apo B

A. HDL
 B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. CM

94. Which of the following is the Major risk factor for CHD (Coronary heart disease).
A. Hypertriglyceridemia
B. Low level of LDL
C. Hypercholesterolemia
D. Elevated levels of HDL

95. In QC, laboratory results that are more than 2SD occurs at
A. 20% of the time
B. 10% of the time
C. 5% of the time
D. 3% of the time

96. In most circumstances, when two controls within a run are greater than +/- 2 SD
from the mean, what action should be taken first?
A. Repeat the controls before taking any corrective action
B. Recalibrate then repeat the controls
C. Prepare fresh standard, recalibrate
D. Change lot number, recalibrate

97. Compute for CV

Given: mean=1.56
2SD=0.06
- Answer: 7.69

98.Centrifuge to prepare monolayer of cells in glass slide

- Cytocentrifuge

99.Least amount of proteins most amount of triglyceride

- answer: Chylomicrons

100. Internal spectrophotometer component that detects and converts transmitted

light into an equivalent amount of electrical energy
- answer: Detector

POST 2 EXAM
FORMAT:
BOLD QUESTIONS
LIGHT BLUE HIGHLIGHT ANSWERS
RED RATIO

1) This concept encomposes the total or overall testing:

- Quality assurance

2)The chief counterion of Chloride

- Sodium

3) Y-axis:
 - vertical ordinate and dependent

4. Two methods were obtained using 100 patients with the disease and another 100
without the disease.The results are:
Method 1:
Patient with the disease 50
Patient without the disease 88
Method 2:
Patient with the disease100
Patient without the disease76
A. Method 2 is sensitive and specific
B. Method 2 is sensitive
C. Method 1 is sensitive
D. Method 1 is specific
E. Method 1 is sensitive and specific

5. A lipemic sample with a serum triglyceride level exceeds 400mg/dL tested for
various chemistry tests. The Medical technologist performed patient blanking but the
serum is still turbid. What should be done:
A. Perform ultracentrifugation to clear the serum
B. Redo patient blanking using higher wavelength
C. Recollect blood immediately
D. Run the test

6. Most automated gas analyzers directly measured:

A. Ph,PCO2,PO2
B. HCO3,PCO2,PO2
C. Ph,PO2,%O2 saturation
D. Ph,HCO3,O2 saturation

7. What are two parameters considered to be most important in maintaining the

integrity of specimens drawn for Blood gas analysis ?

A .Ensuring the specimen centrifuge immediately : exposure to air

B.Exposure to air and temperature of specimen
C. Exposure to air and light
D .Temperature of specimen : exposure to air

8. What are the responsibilities of an individual laboratorian in his/ her safety in work
area ?

A. Use of equipment safely

B.Report Possible source of danger
C .Adherence to laboratory policies and procedures on safety
D. Working in the lab equipment in safe manner
Answer: 1,2,3,4 are correct ...

9.What are the reasons for rejecting specimens in Chemistry ?

A .Mislabelled sample
B .All of these
C .Hemolytic sample
D Lipemic sample
10. A patient is experiencing Neuromuscular irritability. What test should be performed
immediately?

A. GLUCOSE
B. SODIUM
C. BUN
D. CALCIUM

11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST COMMON PHOTODETECTOR?

Answer: Photomultiplier

12. Addresses chronic problems in the

laboratory?

A. Quality assurance
B Quality control
C Quality improvement

13. Reactivity?
A. Blue
B. Red
C. White
D. Yellow

14. Lipids are transported in the blood by?

- Lipoprotien

15. Which of the following is not true in spectrophotometry

- works by shining light of a specific wavelength through a sample; can
measure how much light is absorbed by a solution; can measure how much
light passes through the sample
- Beer’s lambert law: Directly and inversely proportional din siya (Mahaba choices
dito so nilagay ko nalang mga pasok sa spectrophotometer meaning yong wala
dito is yong sagot)

19. When an accident happen involving electric shock, What should you do first?
- Unplug the machine

22. Used to find a vein:

- Infrared emmision

23. Denominator of Handerson-Hasselbach

- Cardiac function

24. Team members dedicate how much of their time:

- 20%
25. Panic reaction referred to as bad trips, is associated with what drug of abuse?
a. PCP
b. MDMA
c. THC
d. LSD
26. Which of the following best describes the interference caused by the appreciable
concentration of triglycerides in a lipemic sample
a. Increase absorbance due to colorimetric interference
 b. Increase transmittance due to light scattering
c. Decrease absorbance due to colorimetric interference
d. Decrease transmittance due to light scattering
27. What error is expected if blood ABG analysis is exposed in room air?
a. Increase CO2 content
b. Decrease pco2
c. Decrease ph
d. Decrease partial pressure CO2
28. Individual without the the disease who test negatively with the test
a. Diagnostic Specific
b. Diagnostic sensitivity
c. Analytical specificity
d. Analytical sensitivity

29. Large particle by measuring reduction in light transmission

a. Colorimetry
b. Turbidimetry
c. Nephlometry
d. Spectrometry

30. Compensation of Metabolic alkalosis

a. HCO3 reabsorption
b. HCO3 Excretion
c. Increase breathing
d. Decrease breathing

31. Convert 5g/dL albumin to SI unit

- 0.005G/L

32 What does E in race Mean?

- Exit
33. Describes an outlier in the Qc chart
-
34. Given the following data, determine the coefficient of variation.
Monthly mean: 140
Sd: 1.6
Variance: 2.6
-
35. Majority of testing errors encoded in the laboratory occurs during what phase?
-
36. This analyte determine the completeness of a 24 hr in the urine sample.
-

40. Which of the following is the major mineralocorticoids?

- aldosterone
- Testosterone
- Corticosterone
- Cortisol

41. A levey jenning chart prepared for triglyceride based on mean value of 200 mg/dl
and std of 5.7. Today the control value gives 197.5 mg/dl. What is the interpretation?
- the value is in control
- The value is out of control
- The value is within the normal range of triglyceride
- The value is within the warning
42. What tests are affected when an icteric sample with serum bilirubin reaches 25
mg/dl
- cholesterol determination using fecl
- Albumin determination using haba
- Albumin determination using B-hcg
- Total protein using biuret method

43. Best collection time for blood glucose?

- Morning after 8 hours fasting
44. Jedrassik and Grof method
- Diazo reaction
45. Drug that relaxes smooth muscle
- . Theophylline

46. This type of automatic pipette functions like a hypodermic syringe and does not
us disposable tips

A. Serological

B. Volumetric

C. Positive displacement

D. Air displacement

47. Which Of the following is true about partially compensated respiratory alkalosis?

A. HCO3 is higher than normal

B. PCO2 is higher than normal

C. Patient is hyperventilating

D. Decrease renal reabsorption of HCO3

48. Definition of enzyme

A. Large molecule of biological importance

B. biologic catalyst

C. Metal catalyst

D. Inorganic catalyst

49. What specimen is often used in Point of Care Tests (POCTs)?

- Capillary blood

50. Major ICF cation, Major ECF cation

- K, Na
Major ICF anion: Cl
Major ECF anion: Phosphate
51. Which of the Westgard Multirule is the most specific for detecting a systematic
error?
- 2-2s - can help identify smaller but consistent shifts in the data.

55. MOLARITY
- Sorry po, yung given na tinype ko sa calcu nabura nung palabas na ako ng room.

56. A material resembling a patient’s specimen with known values.

- Standard

57. The importance of measuring UREA is its value as an indicator of:

a. Liver function
b. Kidney function
c. Lung function

58. Anion Gap:

Chloride = 85
Sodium = 140
Potassium = 5.0
Bicarbonate = 35
a. 23
b. 27
c. 25
d. 20

59. Sensitive and specific marker for hepatic and post hepatic jaundice
- (B2)

60. All of the following statements are true about fluorometry, except:
a. Fluorescence is directly proportional to temperature (inversely proportional)
b. Fluorescence is more sensitive than spectrophotometry
c. Unsaturated cycle is often fluorescent
d. Both excitation and emission filters are a characteristics of an analyte

61. Correctly describe UV light

- Short wavelength and high energy

62. With a potassium level of 6.8 meq/dl what will the medical technologist will do first
A.Do nothing. Report the result immediately
B. Re run the sample
C. Check the serum for hemolysis
D. Check the age of the patient

63. Which of the following conditions is seen in Hyponatremia?

A.Hyperglycemia
B.Diabetes insipidus
C.Conn's disease
D. Hyperproteinemia

67. Two consecutive control exceeds -2sd

- 2-2 systematic error

68. Results that are close to each other

- precision
69. Negative result without the disease TP: 97 FP: 15 TN: 93 FN: 11
- 89%

70. Complication of Venipuncture

A. Vascular, Infection
B. Vascular, Infection, Anemia
C. Vascular, Anemia
D. Infection, Anemia

71. Incorrectly matched Analyte - Conversion factors

A. BUN - 0.0595 - 0.357 CONVERSION FACTOR; BUA:0.0595
B. CREA - 88.4
C. GLU - 0.0555
D. Total Protein - 10

72. Anticoagulant of choice for Blood Gas Studies

A. Sodium Citrate
B. Potassium Oxalate
C. Lithium Heparin
D. ….
73. Plasma protein responsible in maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure in vivo.
a. Albumin
b. A2 maroglobulin
c. Hemoglobin
d. Fibrinogen

74. Composition of Buffer

a. Strong or weak acid and its salt
b. Strong or weak acid and its salt
c. Strong acid and weak acid
d. Weak acid and its conjugate base

75. Diagnostic specificity

a. Proportion of individuals WITHOUT the disease who test negatively with the test or
method

76. Before the unconjugated bilirubin can react to erhlich reagent.

A. Distilled water
B. Caffeine
C. Acetone
D. Ether

77. In drug of abuse, 3-4 dioxymethamphetamine is used for euphoric and

psychedelic is referred to as:
A. Mary Jane
B. Ecstacy
C. Angel dust
D. Crack

78. Anion gap Na=120 Cl=90 HCO3=20

A. 20
B. 60
C. 12
D. Not determined
79. Kernicterus is an abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in

80. Artefactual increase in albumin concentration

81.

82. DILUTION:

Serum = 9
Diluent = 81

9/9+81 = 1/10

ANSWER: 1/10

83. How many liters of absolute ethanol is needed to make 500 mL of 70% ethanol

C1V1 = C2V2

100 (V1) = 70 (500 mL)

V1 = 70 (500mL) / 100 = 350 mL

1 L = 1000 mL
x = 350 ml

1 L/1000 mL = x/350 mL
1 L (350 mL) / 1000 mL = 0.35 L

ANSWER: 0.35 L

84. In laboratory, how many percent of values is expected to fall inside the curve
following the normal Gaussian Distribution Curve

ANSWER: 95.5%

85. Which of the following is the best precision?

A. CV
B. MEAN
C. SD
86. Systematic errors except:
A. Improper pipetting
B. Temperature fluctuation
C. Improper calibration
D. Improper Reagents

Systematic Error
● Improper calibration
● Deterioration of reagents
● Sample instability
● Changes in standard materials
● Instrument drift
Random Error
● Mislabeling of sample
 ● Pipetting error
● Improper mixing of sample and
reagent
● Voltage fluctuations
● Temperature fluctuations
● Clerical error
87. Which of the following is the preanalytical errors in ABG?

89. Which is incorrect:

A. pH → glass electrode
B. pCO2 → Severinghaus electrode
C. pO2 → Clarke or Clark electrode
D. HC03 - Sanz electrode
Answer: D

90. More precise value

91. Primary hormone in pregnant women

Answer: Estriol

92. Denominator in Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer: Lungs (pCO2)

93. Statistical F tool test used to determine the significance difference b/n ____ to
detect ____
A. Means, accuracy
B. Means, precision
C. Standard deviation, accuracy
D. Standard deviation, precision

94. Laboratory samples that are given a high priorityy

A. Myoglobin levels of a px pressumed to have a Myocardial infarction
B. STAT - Potassium levels of a px in a critical unit
C. ASAP - Blood gas analysis of a px in emergency dept
D. Randon blood sugar of a px with a diabetic ketoacidosis

95. Major extracellular anion that maintains osmolality, blood volume and electric
neutrality
A. Potaasium
B. Chloride
C. Bicarbonate
D. Sodium

96. Hormone that regulate calcium in the body

A. Thyroxine
B. Extriol
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Growth hormone
97. Normal Ratio of HCO3 to dissolved CO2 in arterial blood
-
98.Final concentration of 300% stock glucose diluted 1:2, 1:5 then. 1:10
- 3%
99.Increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of
-
100. Major LD fraction in the sera of healthy individual
- LD 2