Summer Work Prior to AP Pre Calculus

A student entering into AP Pre Calculus at Hillsborough High School is expected to:
- keep an organized notebook
- complete every homework assignment to the best of one’s ability
- be an active learner by following along and taking detailed notes
- ask questions and participate in class on a daily basis
- seek help outside of class if needed
- respectfully work with classmates and the teacher
- work with and without a calculator

Purpose:
This summer work packet has been designed to provide a review of Algebra and Geometry skills
that are essential for student success in AP Precalculus. It is recommended that students
complete this packet gradually throughout the summer. There are certain skills that incoming
students are expected to have that they do not necessarily recall when the school year begins.
Since the AP curriculum is set, we do not have time to slow down or review superfluous topics
during the school year. This packet of summer work is a solution to this problem.

Directions:
The following assignment should be completed over the summer. All work must be shown neatly
in order to receive full credit, and it should be done in pencil. Outside resources may be used to
help with completion of the assignment, but not copying from a peer or website. A calculator
should not be used. This assignment is due on the first day of class. The assignment will be
reviewed, and a quiz will be given.

Suggested Online Resources:

http://www.purplemath.com/modules/index.htm
http://www.mathematicshelpcentral.com/index.html
http://www.calculus-help.com/funstuff/phobe.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHgpcvmx8QdhqierTfx9rMYCIUzpEGGY9
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFUmWMy0FkjpCISW6f8rHPcNnCeyTUrGX

Suggestions:
1. Try to start this around the middle of the summer. If you start right away, the material
and techniques will not be fresh in your mind for the beginning of the year. If you wait too
long, you will not get everything done and be at a disadvantage to start the year. Make no
mistake, this is a LOT of work and should be taken seriously.
2. Use any and all outside resources you need. I am not expecting you to remember
everything right away. Use the websites listed above or work together with classmates.
However, try to complete most of the work on your own. Keep in mind we will have a quiz
on the Friday you return to school, so copying another’s work does not help you in the
slightest and is an Academic Integrity violation.

1
Complete the following. Show all work in the packet in a clear manner in order to
receive full credit. Have this assignment completed and ready to turn in on the first
day of school. No calculator!

Graphs
You need to be very familiar with the following functions (domain, range, any asymptotes, end
behavior, and shape of the graph). Please sketch a graph of each function on the axes provided
(label the axes).

*This might be a little harder to sketch…think geometry!

2
Factoring
#1-8: Factor the following completely over the real numbers.

2 2
1. 3𝑥 − 12 4. 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2
3 2
7. 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 25𝑥 − 75

3 4
2. 𝑥 − 8 5. 𝑥 − 16
3 4
8. 3𝑥 𝑐 − 12𝑥𝑐

3 2 2
3. 2𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑥 6. 3𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 6

#9-11: Simplify. Identify any real restrictions (aka discontinuities on the real domain).

2 3 2 2 2
9.
𝑥 −10𝑥+25
2
𝑥 −25
10. 3
𝑥 −14𝑥 +40𝑥
2
𝑥 −4𝑥 −100𝑥+400
÷ ( 𝑥
𝑥−1
−
4
𝑥 ) 11.
𝑥 −𝑏
𝑥 +𝑏
3 3

Using Function Notation

2 1
#12-19: Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥
, evaluate the following (expand and simplify
any expressions).

12. 𝑓(− 2) = 16. 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) =

13. 𝑓(1) = 17. 𝑔(3) =

14. 𝑓(2) = 18. 𝑔(𝑥 + 4) =

15. 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 19. 𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) =

Linear Equations
#20-22: Write all equations in point slope form.
20. Find the equation of a line that passes through the point (8,1) with slope -3/2.

21.Find the equation of the line passing through the points (3,2) and (6,7).

22.Find the equation of the line passing through the point (4,3) and perpendicular to the line
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12.

3
Evaluating from a graph
For #23-31:
Let: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑥
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)
𝑝(𝑥) = 3𝑥 · 𝑓(𝑥)

23.𝑓(1) = 26. ℎ(1) = 29. 𝑔(4) =

24. ℎ(− 2) = 27. 𝑔(1) = 30. 𝑝(1) =

25. 𝑓(3) = 28. 𝑝(0) = 31. 𝑝(3) =

Area, Perimeter, Distance, Midpoint

32.Find the perimeter and area of the shapes with the following vertices.
I. (-5,3), (0,-1), (4,4) II. (-2,-2), (-1, -1), (1,-1), (2,-2)

33.Write the statement using absolute value notation.

I. Distance between x and 4 is 3

II. Distance between y and -2 is greater than or equal to 4

34. Let (4,4) be the midpoint of the line segment determined by the points (1,2) and (a,b).
Determine a and b.

2
35.Find the dimensions of a rectangle with a perimeter of 200 m and an area of 500 𝑚 .

4
Interval Notation and Inequalities
#36-46: Use interval notation to describe the interval of real numbers.
36. 𝑥 >− 3 41.

37. − 7 < 𝑥 ≤− 2

42. |3 − 2𝑥| + 2 >− 5

38. x is greater than or equal to -3 and
less than 4
𝑥−5
43. || 4 || ≤ 6

39. x is positive

1 1
44. 2
(𝑥 + 3) + 2(𝑥 − 4) < 3
(𝑥 − 3)
40.

2
45. 𝑥 + 9 ≤ 6𝑥

2
46. Projectile motion can be modeled by the equation ℎ(𝑡) =− 32𝑡 + 𝑣0𝑡 + ℎ0, where h is in
feet, t is in seconds, v0 is initial velocity, and h0 is the initial height. A projectile is
launched straight up from ground level with an initial velocity of 256 ft/sec.
I. When will the projectile’s height above ground be 768 feet?

II. When will the projectile’s height above ground be at least 768 feet?

III. When will the projectile’s height above ground be less than or equal to 768 feet?

Quadratic Equations
#47-50: Solve each of the following over the complex numbers.
2 5 3
47. − 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 12 − 3(𝑥 − 2) 49. 𝑥+4
=4+ 𝑥−2

48. 𝑥 + 2 − 2 𝑥 + 3 = 0 50. 𝑥 + 6𝑖 = (3 − 𝑖) + (4 − 2𝑦𝑖)

5
#51-54: Algebraically solve each system of equations over the real numbers. Then graph to
confirm your solution(s).

51.
52.

#53-54: Simplify each imaginary number into a+bi form.

2 3
53.
(2−𝑖)(1+ −4)
54. (𝑖 + 3) − (7 + 𝑖 )
5+2𝑖

Exponential and Logarithmic Expressions

6
#55-64: Simplify without a calculator.
5 −4 −3 −2 5𝑥
55.
2 ·2
−2 58.
3 +9
−3
61. 𝑙𝑛𝑒
2 3

62. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏𝑏
−2 0 −1 2 2 4
56. (5 +5 ) 59.
(3𝑥 ) 𝑦
3𝑦
2
63. 𝑙𝑜𝑔61

57.
4
6
2 −3
64.𝑙𝑜𝑔5 ( )
1
125
−4
2 60. ( )
𝑥𝑦

#65-66: Solve each equation

6−𝑥 2+𝑥 2𝑥
65. 2 =4 66. 3 27 = 9

#67-68: Expand using properties of logarithms.

5
( )
3

67. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4(64𝑥 ) 68. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3

𝑥
81

#69-70: Write each expression as a single logarithm.

69. 6𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 70. 𝑙𝑛7 − 3𝑙𝑛𝑥

#71-72: Convert between logarithmic and exponential forms.

71.𝑙𝑜𝑔5125 = 3 72. 36 = 6

7
Sequences and Series
73. For each sequence,
I. Write an explicit formula for the nth term.
II. Write a recursive formula for the nth term.
III. Find the 12th term of the sequence.

a. 4, 9, 14, 19, … c. 2, 2 2, 3 2, …

b. 16, 4, 1, ¼, … d. 7th term is 31, 20th term is 96, common

difference

74. For each sequence given,

I. Find the sum of the first ten terms.
II. Find the sum of the infinite series, if it exists. If not, explain why.

a. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 + 5
2 3 4 5
e. 3
, 4
, 5
, 6
,…

3
b. 𝑏𝑛 = 2𝑛
2
f. 𝑑1 = 3; 𝑑𝑛 = 3
𝑑𝑛−1

3𝑛
c. 𝑐𝑛 = 2
g. 𝑓1 = 2; 𝑓𝑛 = 2 − 𝑓𝑛−1

3 3 3
d. 3, − 2
, 4
,− 8
,…