COMPLEX NUMBERS

1 (a) Showing all working and without using a calculator, solve the equation

1 + i
z2 − 4 + 3i
z + 5 + i = 0.
Give your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [6]

(b) The complex number u is given by

u = −1 − i.
On a sketch of an Argand diagram show the point representing u. Shade the region whose points
represent complex numbers satisfying the inequalities  z  <  z − 2i and 14 0 < arg z − u
< 12 0 .
[4]
9709/32/F/M/19/7

2 Throughout this question the use of a calculator is not permitted.

The complex number ï3
+ i is denoted by u.

(i) Express u in the form rei1 , where r > 0 and −0 < 1 ≤ 0, giving the exact values of r and 1. Hence
or otherwise state the exact values of the modulus and argument of u4 . [5]

(ii) Verify that u is a root of the equation z3 − 8z + 8ï3 = 0 and state the other complex root of this
equation. [3]

(iii) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z − u  ≤ 2 and Im z ≥ 2, where Im z denotes the imaginary part of z.
[5]

9709/31/M/J/19/10

3 Throughout this question the use of a calculator is not permitted.

It is given that the complex number −1 + ï3
i is a root of the equation

kx3 + 5x2 + 10x + 4 = 0,

where k is a real constant.

(i) Write down another root of the equation. [1]

(ii) Find the value of k and the third root of the equation. [6]

9709/32/M/J/19/5

4 Throughout this question the use of a calculator is not permitted.

The complex number u is defined by

4i
u= .
1 − ï3
i

(i) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real and exact. [3]

(ii) Find the exact modulus and argument of u. [2]

 (iii) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z  < 2 and  z − u  <  z . [4]

9709/33/M/J/19/8

5 (a) The complex number u is given by u = −3 − 2ï10
i. Showing all necessary working and without
using a calculator, find the square roots of u. Give your answers in the form a + ib, where the
numbers a and b are real and exact. [5]
(b) On a sketch of an Argand diagram shade the region whose points represent complex numbers
z satisfying the inequalities  z − 3 − i ≤ 3, arg z ≥ 14 0 and Im z ≥ 2, where Im z denotes the
imaginary part of the complex number z. [5]

9709/31/O/N/19/10

6 (a) Find the complex number z satisfying the equation

iz
z+ − 2 = 0,
z*
where z* denotes the complex conjugate of z. Give your answer in the form x + iy, where x and
y are real. [5]

(b) (i) On a single Argand diagram sketch the loci given by the equations  z − 2i = 2 and Im z = 3,
where Im z denotes the imaginary part of z. [2]

(ii) In the first quadrant the two loci intersect at the point P. Find the exact argument of the
complex number represented by P. [2]
9709/32/O/N/19/7

7 Throughout
this
question
the
use
of
a
calculator
is
not
permitted.

The complex number with modulus 1 and argument 31 0 is denoted by w.

(i) Express w in the form x + iy, where x and y are real and exact. [1]

The complex number 1 + 2i is denoted by u. The complex number v is such that  v  = 2 u  and
arg v = arg u + 13 0 .

(ii) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing u and v. [2]

(iii) Explain why v can be expressed as 2uw. Hence find v, giving your answer in the form a + ib,
where a and b are real and exact. [4]
9709/33/O/N/19/6

8 (a) The complex numbers v and w satisfy the equations

v + iw = 5 and 1 + 2i
v − w = 3i.
Solve the equations for v and w, giving your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real.
[6]
(b) (i) On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus of points representing complex numbers z satisfying
 z − 2 − 3i = 1. [2]

(ii) Calculate the least value of arg z for points on this locus. [2]
9709/32/F/M/20/10
 (a) The complex number u is defined by u =
3i
9
a + 2i
, where a is real.

(i) Express u in the Cartesian form x + iy, where x and y are in terms of a. [3]
(ii) Find the exact value of a for which arg u* = 13 π. [3]

(b) (i) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex
numbers z satisfying the inequalities  z − 2i ≤  z − 1 − i and  z − 2 − i ≤ 2. [4]

(ii) Calculate the least value of arg z for points in this region. [2]
9709/31/M/J/20/10

10 (a) Solve the equation 1 + 2i
w + iw* = 3 + 5i. Give your answer in the form x + iy, where x and y
are real. [4]
(b) (i) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex
numbers z satisfying the inequalities  z − 2 − 2i ≤ 1 and arg z − 4i
≥ − 14 π. [4]

(ii) Find the least value of Im z for points in this region, giving your answer in an exact form.
[2]
9709/32/M/J/20/8

11 (a) The complex numbers u and w are such that

u − w = 2i and uw = 6.
Find u and w, giving your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real and exact. [5]

(b) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities

 z − 2 − 2i ≤ 2, 0 ≤ arg z ≤ 14 π and Re z ≤ 3. [5]

9709/33/M/J/20/9

12 On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z  ≥ 2 and  z − 1 + i ≤ 1. [4]
9709/31/O/N/20/2


13 (a) Verify that −1 + 5i is a root of the equation 2x3 + x2 + 6x − 18 = 0. [3]
(b) Find the other roots of this equation. [4]
9709/31/O/N/20/7

14 The complex number u is defined by

7+i
u= .
1−i

(a) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [3]

(b) Show on a sketch of an Argand diagram the points A, B and C representing u, 7 + i and 1 − i
respectively. [2]

(c) By considering the arguments of 7 + i and 1 − i, show that

   
tan−1 43 = tan−1 17 + 14 π. [3]

9709/32/O/N/20/6
15 On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z  ≥ 2 and  z − 1 + i ≤ 1. [4]

9709/33/O/N/20/2


16 (a) Verify that −1 + 5i is a root of the equation 2x3 + x2 + 6x − 18 = 0. [3]
(b) Find the other roots of this equation. [4]

9709/33/O/N/20/7

17 The complex numbers u and v are defined by u = −4 + 2i and v = 3 + i.

u
(a) Find in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [3]
v
u
(b) Hence express in the form r ei1 , where r and 1 are exact. [2]
v
In an Argand diagram, with origin O, the points A, B and C represent the complex numbers u, v and
2u + v respectively.

(c) State fully the geometrical relationship between OA and BC. [2]

(d) Prove that angle AOB = 34 π. [2]

9709/32/F/M/21/8

18 (a) Solve the equation z2 − 2piz − q = 0, where p and q are real constants. [2]

In an Argand diagram with origin O, the roots of this equation are represented by the distinct points
A and B.

(b) Given that A and B lie on the imaginary axis, find a relation between p and q. [2]
(c) Given instead that triangle OAB is equilateral, express q in terms of p. [3]
9709/31/M/J/21/5

19 On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z + 1 − i ≤ 1 and arg z − 1
≤ 34 π. [4]

9709/32/M/J/21/2


20 The complex number u is given by u = 10 − 4 6i.

Find the two square roots of u, giving your answers in the form a + ib, where a and b are real and
exact. [5]
9709/32/M/J/21/5

(a) Verify that −1 + 2i is a root of the equation z4 + 3z2 + 2z + 12 = 0.


21 [3]
(b) Find the other roots of this equation. [7]
9709/33/M/J/21/10

22 The complex number 1 + 2i is denoted by u. The polynomial 2x3 + ax2 + 4x + b, where a and b are
real constants, is denoted by p x
. It is given that u is a root of the equation p x
= 0.

(a) Find the values of a and b. [4]

 (b) State a second complex root of this equation. [1]

(c) Find the real factors of p x
. [2]

(d) (i) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the  region whose points represent complex
numbers z satisfying the inequalities  z − u  ≤ 5 and arg z ≤ 4 π.
1 [4]

(ii) Find the least value of Im z for points in the shaded region. Give your answer in an exact
form. [1]

9709/31/O/N/21/10

23 (a) Given the complex numbers u = a + ib and w = c + id , where a, b, c and d are real, prove that
u + w
* = u* + w*. [2]

(b) Solve the equation z + 2 + i
* + 2 + i
z = 0, giving your answer in the form x + iy where x and
y are real. [4]

9709/32/O/N/21/3

24 (a) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z − 3 − 2i ≤ 1 and Im z ≥ 2. [4]

(b) Find the greatest value of arg z for points in the shaded region, giving your answer in degrees.
[3]

9709/32/O/N/21/5


25 The complex number − 3 + i is denoted by u.

(a) Express u in the form r ei1 , where r > 0 and −π < 1 ≤ π, giving the exact values of r and 1. [2]

(b) Hence show that u6 is real and state its value. [2]
(c) (i) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex
numbers z satisfying the inequalities 0 ≤ arg z − u
≤ 14 π and Re z ≤ 2. [4]

(ii) Find the greatest value of  z  for points in the shaded region. Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures. [2]

9709/33/O/N/21/11

26 On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z + 2 − 3i ≤ 2 and arg z ≤ 34 π. [4]

9709/32/F/M/22/2

27 Find the complex numbers w which satisfy the equation w2 + 2iw* = 1 and are such that Re w ≤ 0.
Give your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [6]

9709/32/F/M/22/6

2 − a 2i
 
28 The complex number u is defined by u =
1 + 2i
, where a is a positive integer.

(a) Express u in terms of a, in the form x + iy, where x and y are real and exact. [3]

It is now given that a = 3.

(b) Express u in the form rei1 , where r > 0 and −π < 1 ≤ π, giving the exact values of r and 1. [2]
 (c) Using your answer to part (b), find the two square roots of u. Give your answers in the form rei1 ,
where r > 0 and −π < 1 ≤ π, giving the exact values of r and 1. [3]

9709/31/M/J/22/7


29 The complex number−1 + 7i
is
denoted
by
u.
It
is
given
that
u
is
a
root
of
the
equation

2x3 + 3x2 + 14x + k = 0,

where k is a real constant.

(a) Find the value of k. [3]

(b) Find the other two roots of the equation. [4]
(c) On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus of points representing complex numbers z satisfying
the equation  z − u  = 2. [2]

(d) Determine the greatest value of arg z for points on this locus, giving your answer in radians. [2]

9709/32/M/J/22/10

30 The complex number 3 − i is denoted by u.

(a) Show, on an Argand diagram with origin O, the points A, B and C representing the complex
numbers u, u* and u* − u respectively.

State the type of quadrilateral formed by the points O, A, B and C. [3]

u*
(b) Express in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [3]
u

u*    
(c) By considering the argument of , or otherwise, prove that tan−1 34 = 2 tan−1 13 . [2]
u
9709/33/M/J/22/5

31 On a sketch of an Argand diagram shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z  ≤ 3, Re z ≥ −2 and 41 π ≤ arg z ≤ π. [4]
9709/31/O/N/22/2

1 πi 1 πi
32 The complex numbers u and w are defined by u = 2e 4 and w = 3e 3 .

u2
(a) Find , giving your answer in the form r ei1 , where r > 0 and −π < 1 ≤ π. Give the exact values
w
of r and 1. [3]

(b) State the least positive integer n such that both Im wn = 0 and Re wn > 0. [1]
9709/31/O/N/22/5

33 (a) Solve the equation z2 − 6iz − 12 = 0, giving the answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real
and exact. [3]

(b) On a sketch of an Argand diagram with origin O, show points A and B representing the roots of
the equation in part (a). [1]
(c) Find the exact modulus and argument of each root. [3]
(d) Hence show that the triangle OAB is equilateral. [1]

9709/32/O/N/22/5
34 (a) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z + 2 ≤ 2 and Im z ≥ 1. [4]

(b) Find the greatest value of arg z for points in the shaded region. [2]

9709/33/O/N/22/5

35 Solve the quadratic equation 1 − 3i
z2 − 2 + i
z + i = 0, giving your answers in the form x + iy, where
x and y are real. [6]

9709/33/O/N/22/6

36 (a) On an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z satisfying
the inequalities − 13 π ≤ arg z − 1 − 2i
≤ 13 π and Re z ≤ 3. [3]

(b) Calculate the least value of arg z for points in the region from (a). Give your answer in radians
correct to 3 decimal places. [2]

9709/32/F/M/23/2

37 Solve the equation

5z
− zz* + 30 + 10i = 0,
1 + 2i
giving your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [5]
9709/32/F/M/23/4

38 The polynomial x3 + 5x2 + 31x + 75 is denoted by p x
.

(a) Show that x + 3
is a factor of p x
. [2]


(b) Show that z = −1 + 2 6i is a root of p z
= 0. [3]

(c) Hence find the complex numbers z which are roots of p z2
= 0. [7]
9709/31/M/J/23/10

39 (a) On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus of points representing complex numbers z satisfying
 z + 3 − 2i = 2. [2]

(b) Find the least value of  z  for points on this locus, giving your answer in an exact form. [2]
9709/32/M/J/23/3

40 The complex number 2 + yi is denoted by a, where y is a real number and y < 0. It is given that
f a
= a3 − a2 − 2a.

(a) Find a simplified expression for f a
in terms of y. [3]

 
(b) Given that Re f a
= −20, find arg a. [3]

9709/32/M/J/23/5

41 On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z − 3 − i ≤ 3 and  z  ≥  z − 4i. [4]

9709/33/M/J/23/3
 18

5a − 2i
42 The complex number z is defined by z = , where a is an integer. It is given that arg z = − 14 π.
3 + ai

(a) Find the value of a and hence express z in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [6]

(b) Express z3 in the form rei1 , where r > 0 and −π < 1 ≤ π. Give the simplified exact values of
r and 1. [3]

9709/33/M/J/23/11

43 On an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z satisfying the
inequalities  z − 2i ≤  z + 2 − i and 0 ≤ arg z + 1
≤ 14 π. [4]

9709/31/O/N/23/2

3 + 2i
44 The complex number u is defined by u = , where a is real.
a − 5i
(a) Express u in the Cartesian form x + iy, where x and y are in terms of a. [3]
(b) Given that arg u = 14 π, find the value of a. [2]

9709/31/O/N/23/4

45 (a) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z
satisfying the inequalities  z − 4 − 3i ≤ 2 and Re z ≤ 3. [4]

(b) Find the greatest value of arg z for points in this region. [2]
9709/32/O/N/23/4

2 + 3ai
46 =
, 2
−
i
,
where
a
and
,
are
real
constants.
a + 2i
It is given that

(a) Show that 3a2 + 4a − 4 = 0. [4]

(b) Hence find the possible values of a and the corresponding values of ,. [3]

9709/32/O/N/23/8

47 On an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z satisfying the
inequalities  z − 1 + 2i ≤  z  and  z − 2 ≤ 1. [5]

9709/33/O/N/23/2

48 Solve the quadratic equation 3 + i
w2 − 2w + 3 − i = 0, giving your answers in the form x + iy, where
x and y are real. [5]

9709/33/O/N/23/4
 Answers
 9709/32/F/M/19/7

(a) Use quadratic formula to solve for z M1

Use i 2 = −1 throughout M1

Obtain correct answer in any form A1

Multiply numerator and denominator by 1 – i, or equivalent M1

Obtain final answer, e.g. 1 – i A1

5 1 A1
Obtain second final answer, e.g. + i
2 2

(b) Show the point representing u in relatively correct position B1

Show the horizontal line through z = i B1

Show correct half-lines from u, one of gradient 1 and the other vertical B1ft

Shade the correct region B1

2. 9709/31/M/J/19/10
(iii) Show the point representing u in a relatively correct position B1

Show a circle with centre u and radius 2 B1 FT on the point representing u.

Condone near miss of origin

Show the line y = 2 B1 Im

shaded y=2

Re

Shade the correct region B1

Show that the line and circle intersect on x = 0 B1 Condone near miss

3. 9709/32/M/J/19/5
 4. 9709/33/M/J/19/8

(i) Multiply numerator and denominator by 1 + 3i , or equivalent M1

4i − 4 3 and 3 + 1 A1

Obtain final answer − 3 + i A1

5. 9709/31/O/N/19/10

(a) Square a + ib and equate real and imaginary parts to – 3 and −2 10 respectively *M1

Obtain a 2 − b 2 = −3 and 2ab = −2 10 A1

Eliminate one unknown and find an equation in the other DM1

Obtain a 4 + 3a 2 − 10 = 0 , or b 4 − 3b 2 − 10 = 0 , or horizontal 3-term equivalent A1

Obtain answers ± ( )
2 − 5i , or exact equivalent A1

(b) Show point representing 3 + i in relatively correct position B1

Show a circle with radius 3 and centre not at the origin B1

1 B1
Show correct half line from the origin at π to the real axis
4

Show horizontal line y = 2 B1

Shade the correct region Im(z) B1

shaded
Im(z) = 2

i
π
4
3 Re(z)

5
 6. 9709/32/O/N/19/7

(a) Substitute and obtain a correct horizontal equation in x and y in any B1 zz * +iz − 2z* = 0 ⇒
form x 2 + y 2 + ix − y − 2 x + 2iy = 0
Allow if still includes brackets and/or i 2

Use i 2 = −1 and equate real and imaginary parts to zero OE *M1 For their horizontal equation

Obtain two correct equations A1 Allow ix + 2iy = 0

e.g. x 2 + y 2 − y − 2 x = 0 and x + 2y = 0

Solve for x or for y DM1

6 3 A1 1
Obtain answer − i and no other OE, condone ( 6 − 3i )
5 5 5

7. 9709/33/O/N/19/6

(i) 1 3 B1
Obtain answer w = + i
2 2

(ii) Show point representing u B1

Show point representing v in relatively correct position B1

(iii) Explain why the moduli are equal B1

Explain why the arguments are equal B1

Use i 2 = −1 and obtain 2uw in the given form M1

Obtain answer 1 − 2 3 + 2 + 3 i ( ) A1

4
 8. 9709/32/F/M/20/10

(a) Solve for v or w M1

Use i2 =−1 M1

2i 5 + 7i A1
Obtain v = – or w =
1+ i −1 + i

Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator M1

Obtain v = – 1 – i A1

Obtain w = 1 – 6i A1

(b)(i) Show a circle with centre 2 + 3i B1

Show a circle with radius 1 and centre not at the origin B1

(b)(ii) Carry out a complete method for finding the least value of arg z M1

Obtain answer 40.2° or 0.702 radians A1

9. 9709/31/M/J/20/10

(a)(i) Multiply numerator and denominator by a – 2i, or equivalent M1

2
Use i = –1 at least once A1

6 3ai A1
Obtain answer +
a2 + 4 a2 + 4

(a)(ii) 1 B1
Either state that arg u = − π or express u* in terms of a (FT on u)
3

Use correct method to form an equation in a M1

Obtain answer a = −2 3 A1

(b)(i) Show the perpendicular bisector of points representing 2i and 1 + i B1

Show the point representing 2 + i B1

Show a circle with radius 2 and centre 2 + i B1FT

(FT on the position of the point for 2 + i)

Shade the correct region B1

(b)(ii) State or imply the critical point 2 + 3i B1

Obtain answer 56.3° or 0.983 radians B1

2
 10. 9709/32/M/J/20/8

(a) Substitute and obtain a correct equation in x and y B1

Use i2 = –1 and equate real and imaginary parts M1

Obtain two correct equations in x and y, e.g. x – y = 3 and 3x + y = 5 A1

Solve and obtain answer z = 2 – i A1

(b)(i) Show a point representing 2 + 2i B1

Show a circle with radius 1 and centre not at the origin B1 FT

(FT is on the point representing the centre)

Show the correct half line from 4i B1

Shade the correct region B1

(b)(ii) Carry out a complete method for finding the least value of Im z M1

1 A1
Obtain answer 2 − 2 , or exact equivalent
2

11. 9709/33/M/J/20/9

(a) Eliminate u or w and obtain an equation w or u M1

Obtain a quadratic in u or w, e.g. u2 – 2iu – 6 = 0 or w2 + 2iw – 6 = 0 A1

Solve a 3-term quadratic for u or for w M1

Obtain answer u = 5 + i , w = 5 − i A1

Obtain answer u = − 5 + i , w = − 5 − i A1

(b) Show the point representing 2 + 2i B1

Show a circle with centre 2 + 2i and radius 2 B1 FT

(FT is on the position of 2 + 2i)

Show half-line from origin at 45° to the positive x-axis B1

Show line for Re z = 3 B1

Shade the correct region B1

12. 9709/31/O/N/20/2

Show a circle with centre the origin and radius 2 B1

Show the point representing 1 – i B1

Show a circle with centre 1 – i and radius 1 B1 FT The FT is on the position of 1 – i.

Shade the appropriate region B1 FT The FT is on the position of 1 – i.

Shaded region outside circle with centre the origin and radius 2
and inside circle with centre ±1 ± i and radius 1

4
 13. 9709/31/O/N/20/7

(a) Substitute −1 + 5 i in the equation and attempt expansions of M1 All working must be seen.
2
x and x 3 Allow M1 if small errors in 1 − 2 5i − 5 or 1 − 5i − 5i − 5
and 4 − 2 5i + 10 or 4 − 4 5i + 2 5i + 10

Use i2 = –1 correctly at least once M1 1 – 5 or 4 + 10 seen

Complete the verification correctly A1

( ) ( ) ( )
2 14 − 2 5i + −4 − 2 5i + 6 −1 + 5i − 18 = 0

(b) State second root −1 − 5i B1

Carry out a complete method for finding a quadratic factor with M1

zeros −1 + 5i and −1 − 5i

Obtain x2 + 2x + 6 A1

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

(x + 1 – 5i ) (x + 1 + 5i ) (2x + a) = 2x3 + x2 + 6x – 18 M1

(1 – 5 i) (1 + 5 i) a = –18 A1

3 A1 OE
6a = –18 a = –3 leading to x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

POR = 6 SOR = – 2 M1

Obtain x2 + 2x + 6 A1

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

( )(
POR −1 − 5i −1+ 5i a = 9 ) M1 A1

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

1 M1 A1
( ) (
SOR −1 − 5i + −1+ 5i + a = − ) 2

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

4
 14. 9709/32/O/N/20/6

Obtain numerator 6 + 8i or denominator 2 A1

Obtain final answer u = 3 + 4i A1

Alternative method for question 6(a)

Multiply out (1 − i ) ( x + iy ) = 7 + i and compare real and imaginary parts M1

Obtain x + y = 7 or y − x = 1 A1

Obtain final answer u = 3 + 4i A1

(b) Show the point A representing u in a relatively correct position B1 FT The FT is on xy ≠ 0.

Show the other two points B and C in relatively correct positions: B1

A
approximately equal distance above / below real axis 4

C
2

Take the position of A as a guide to ‘scale’ if axes not

marked

(c) 1 B1 ArgC
State or imply arg(1 – i) = − π
4

Substitute exact arguments in arg(7 + i) – arg(1 – i) = arg u M1 Must see a statement about the relationship between the Args
e.g. ArgA = ArgB − ArgC or equivalent exact method

4 1 1 A1 Obtain given answer correctly from their u = k ( 3 + 4i )

Obtain tan −1   = tan −1   + π correctly
3 7 4

15. 9709/33/O/N/20/2

Show a circle with centre the origin and radius 2 B1

Show the point representing 1 – i B1

Show a circle with centre 1 – i and radius 1 B1 FT The FT is on the position of 1 – i.

Shade the appropriate region B1 FT The FT is on the position of 1 – i.

Shaded region outside circle with centre the origin and radius 2
and inside circle with centre ±1 ± i and radius 1

4
 16. 9709/33/O/N/20/7

(a) Substitute −1 + 5 i in the equation and attempt expansions of M1 All working must be seen.
2
x and x 3 Allow M1 if small errors in 1 − 2 5i − 5 or 1 − 5i − 5i − 5
and 4 − 2 5i + 10 or 4 − 4 5i + 2 5i + 10

Use i2 = –1 correctly at least once M1 1 – 5 or 4 + 10 seen

Complete the verification correctly A1

( ) ( ) ( )
2 14 − 2 5i + −4 − 2 5i + 6 −1 + 5i − 18 = 0

(b) State second root −1 − 5i B1

Carry out a complete method for finding a quadratic factor with M1

zeros −1 + 5i and −1 − 5i

Obtain x2 + 2x + 6 A1

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

(x + 1 – 5i ) (x + 1 + 5i ) (2x + a) = 2x3 + x2 + 6x – 18 M1

(1 – 5 i) (1 + 5 i) a = –18 A1

3 A1 OE
6a = –18 a = –3 leading to x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

POR = 6 SOR = – 2 M1

Obtain x2 + 2x + 6 A1

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

( )(
POR −1 − 5i −1+ 5i a = 9 ) M1 A1

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

Alternative method for question 7(b)

State second root −1 − 5i B1

1 M1 A1
( ) (
SOR −1 − 5i + −1+ 5i + a = − ) 2

3 A1 OE
Obtain root x =
2

4
 17. 9709/32/F/M/21/8

(a) Multiply numerator and denominator by 3 – i M1 OE

Obtain numerator – 10 + 10i or denominator 10 A1

Obtain final answer – 1 + i A1

(b) State or imply r = 2 B1 FT

3 B1 FT
State or imply that θ = π
4

(c) State that OA and BC are parallel B1

State that BC = 2OA B1

(d) u M1
Use angle AOB = arg u − arg v = arg
v

Obtain the given answer A1

Alternative method for question 8(d)

Obtain tan AOB from gradients of OA and OB and the tan(A ± B) formula M1

Obtain the given answer A1

Alternative method for question 8(d)

Obtain cos AOB by using the cosine rule or a scalar product M1

Obtain the given answer A1

18. 9709/31/M/J/21/5

(a) Use quadratic formula and i 2 = −1 M1

Obtain answers pi + q − p 2 and pi − q − p 2 A1

2 pi ± −4 p 2 + 4q
Accept and ISW
2

(b) State or imply that the discriminant must be negative M1

State condition q < p 2 A1

2
(c) Carry out a correct method for finding a relation, e.g. use the fact that the M1
argument of one of the roots is ( ± ) 60°

p A1
State a correct relation in any form, e.g. = (±) 3
2
q− p

4 2 A1
Simplify to q = p
3

Alternative method for Question 5(c)

Carry out a correct method for finding a relation, e.g. use the fact that the M1
sides have equal length

( )
State a correct relation in any form, e.g. 4 q − p 2 = p 2 + q − p 2 A1

4 2 A1
Simplify to q = p
3

19. 9709/32/M/J/21/2

Show a circle with centre – 1 + i. B1 Need some indication of scale or a correct label. Could
just be mark(s) on the axes

Show a circle with radius 1 and centre not at the origin (or relevant part B1
thereof).

Show correct half line from 1(or relevant part thereof) . B1

Shade the correct region on a correct diagram. B1

Im z 4 N.B. If they have very different scales on their 2 axes the

diagram must match their scale - the ‘circle’ should be an
ellipse.
Allow freehand diagrams with clear correct intention.
1

-1 Re z

20. 9709/32/M/J/21/5
 21. 9709/33/M/J/21/10

(a) Substitute −1 + 2i and attempt expansions of the z 2 and z 4 terms M1

Use i 2 = −1 at least once M1

Complete the verification correctly A1

(b) State second root −1 − 2i A1

Carry out a method to find a quadratic factor with zeros −1 ± 2i M1

Obtain z 2 + 2 z + 3 A1

Commence division and reach partial quotient z 2 + kz M1

Obtain second quadratic factor z 2 − 2 z + 4 A1

Solve a 3-term quadratic and use i 2 = −1 M1

Obtain roots 1 + 3i and 1 − 3i A1

22. 9709/31/O/N/21/10
 (b) State second root 1 – 2i B1

(c) State the quadratic factor x 2 − 2 x + 5 B1

State the linear factor 2x +3 B1

(d)(i) Show a circle with centre 1 + 2i B1

Show circle passing through the origin B1 4i

Show the half line y = x in the first quadrant (accept chord of circle) B1

Shade the correct region on a correct diagram B1

2

(d)(ii) State answer 2 − 5 B1

23. 9709/32/O/N/21/3

(a) Substitute for u and w and state correct conjugate of one side B1

Express the other side without conjugates and confirm ( u + w) = u* + w*

* B1 Given answer. Needs explicit reference to conjugate of
both sides.

(b) Substitute and remove conjugates to obtain a correct equation in x and y B1 e.g. x + 2 − ( y + 1) i + ( 2 + i )( x + iy ) = 0

Use i 2 = −1 and equate real and imaginary parts to zero M1

Obtain two correct equations in x and y A1 e.g. 3x – y + 2 = 0 and x + y – 1 = 0. Allow xi + yi − i = 0 .

1 5 A1 Allow for real and imaginary parts stated separately.

Solve and obtain answer z = − + i
4 4

24. 9709/32/O/N/21/5

(a) Show circle with centre 3 + 2i B1

Show circle with radius 1. Must match their scales: if scales not identical B1
should have an ellipse. 2i

Show line y = 2 in at least the diameter of a circle in the first quadrant B1

O 3
Shade the correct region in a correct diagram B1

(b) Identify the correct point B1

Carry out a correct method for finding the argument M1

e.g. arg x = tan −1 2 + sin −1 1
3 13
Exact working required.

Obtain answer 49.8° A1 Or better. 0.869 radians scores B1M1A0.

3 Special Case 1: B1M0 for 45° if they have shaded the

wrong half of the circle.
Special Case 2: 3 out of 3 available if they identify the
correct point on the correct circle and it is consistent with
their shading.
 25. 9709/33/O/N/21/11

(a) State or imply r = 2 B1

5 B1
State or imply θ = π
6

(b) Use a correct method for finding the modulus or argument of u 6 M1

Show correctly that u 6 is real and has value -64 A1

(c)(i) Show half lines from the point representing − 3 + i B1

Show correct half lines B1

Show the line x = 2 in the first quadrant B1

Shade the correct region B1

(c)(ii) Carry out a correct method to find the greatest value of z M1

Obtain answer 5.14 A1

26. 9709/32/F/M/22/2

Show a circle with centre – 2 + 3i B1 Must see (− 2, 3) or appropriate marks on axes

Show a circle of radius 2 and centre not at the origin. B1

Show correct half line from the origin B1 3π π

or seen, or half line that approximately bisects
4 4
π
angle .
2

Shade the correct region. B1

4 N.B. Maximum 3 out of 4 if any errors seen.

27. 9709/32/F/M/22/6

Substitute and obtain a correct equation in x and y B1 (x + iy)2 + 2i(x − iy) = 1

Use i 2 = −1 at least once and equate real and imaginary parts M1

Obtain two correct equations, e.g. x 2 − y 2 + 2 y = 1 and 2 xy + 2 x = 0 A1

Solve for x or for y M1

Using y = – 1, obtain answer w = – 2 – i only A1 A0 if w = 2 – i as well

Using x = 0, obtain answer w = i A1

6
 28. 9709/31/M/J/22/7

(a) Multiply numerator and denominator by 1 – 2i, or equivalent M1

Obtain correct numerator 1 2a 2   2  a 2i A1 OE

1  2a 2a A1 OE
Obtain final answer 2 2i
5 5

Alternative method for question 7(a)

Multiply x  iy by 12i and compare real and imaginary parts M1

A1
Obtain x  2y  2 and 2x  y  a 2

1  2a 2a A1 OE
Obtain final answer 2 2i
5 5

(b) Obtain r = 2 B1 FT

3 B1
Obtain    π
4

(c) Use correct method to find r or  M1

3
 πi A1 FT
State answer 2e 8

5
πi A1 FT
State answer 2e 8

29. 9709/32/M/J/22/10

(a) Substitute x = 1  7i in the equation and attempt expansions of x 2 and *M1

3
x

Use i 2  1 correctly at least once and solve for k DM1     

2 20  4 7i  3 6  2 7i  14 1  
7i  k  0

Obtain answer k = – 8 A1

SC B1 only for those who show no working for the cube

and square and obtain answer k = – 8.

Alternative method for question 10(a)

 
Attempt division by x  1  7i as far as 2 x2  z1 x  ... *M1 See division on next page.

Use i 2  1 correctly at least once and obtain 2x 2  z1 x  z2 + remainder DM1

Obtain answer k = – 8 A1

3
(c) Show a circle with centre 1  7i B1 Im

Show circle with radius 2 and centre not at the origin B1 7

There needs to be some evidence of scale e.g. radius marked or a scale on

the axes -1 Re

If the scales are very different from each other then B1

for centre in the correct position and B1 for an ellipse.

If there is more than one circle the max score is B1.

(d) Carry out a complete method for calculating the maximum value of arg z for M1 e.g. π
2  tan 1 1
7
 π4 Can be implied by 155.7 .
correct circle

Obtain answer 2.72 radians A1 CAO. The question requires radians.

30. 9709/33/M/J/22/5
(c) u* M1
State or imply arg = arg u*  arg u or 2arg u*
u

Justify the given statement correctly A1 AG

u* 3 1
arg = tan–1 , arg u* = tan1 and
u 4 3
–1 1 1
arg u = tan  (or arg u =  tan–1 ), needed if use first
3 3
expression in M1;
u* 3 1
or arg = tan–1 and arg u* = tan1 , needed if use
u 4 3
second expression in M1.

Alternative method for question 5(c)

1 M1 2 tan A 1 3
Use tan 2A formula with tan A = tan 2 A  , tan A = , hence tan 2A = .
3 1  tan 2 A 3 4

Justify the given statement correctly A1 AG

3 u* 1
So 2A = tan1 = arg and A = tan1 = arg u*
4 u 3
u*
hence arg = 2 arg u*.
u

31. 9709/31/O/N/22/2

32. 9709/31/O/N/22/5

(a) 1
πi B1
State or imply u = 2
4e 2

4 πi
1 B1 + B1
Obtain answer v = e 6
3

For the modulus and the argument. 3

(b) State n = 6 B1

1
33. 9709/32/O/N/22/5

34. 9709/33/O/N/22/5

(a) Show a circle with centre – 2 B1

Show a circle with radius 2 and centre not the origin B1

Show the line y = 1 B1

Shade the correct region B1

(b) Identify the correct point and carry out a correct method to find the argument M1

11 A1
Obtain answer π
12

2.88 radians or 165°. 2

35. 9709/33/O/N/22/6

36. 9709/32/F/M/23/2

37. 9709/32/F/M/23/4
 38. 9709/31/M/J/23/10

(a) Substitute x  3 to obtain value of p  3 M1

Obtain p  3  0 and hence given result A1

Alternative method for Question 10(a)

Divide p  x  by  x  3 to obtain quotient x 2  2x  ... M1

Obtain quotient x2 + 2x + 25, with zero remainder and hence given result A1

(b) Substitute z  1  2 6i and attempt expansions of z 2 and z 3 M1 z 2  23  4 6i, z 3  1 6 6i  72  48 6i .

Use i 2  1 M1 Seen at least once.

Obtain p  z   0 and hence given result A1 SC B1 if there is no evidence of working for the square
or the cube. Total 1/3.

Alternative Method 1

Use roots z  1  2 6i to form quadratic factor M1 z2 + 2z + 25.

Divide p  z  by their quadratic factor M1

Obtain zero remainder and hence given result. A1

Alternative Method 2

Set their quadratic factor from (a) equal to zero M1

Solve for z M1 Need to see method here as answer is given.

Obtain z  1  2 6i (and z  1  2 6i ) A1

Alternative Method 3

Substitute z  1  2 6i into their quadratic factor and attempt expansion of z2 M1

Use i 2  1 M1

Obtain 0 and hence given result A1

(c) State z1  3i and z2   3i B1

Expand  x  iy   1  2 6i and compare real and imaginary parts M1 Allow for use of z 2  1  2 6i .

Obtain x 2  y 2  1 and xy  6 A1

Solve to obtain x and y M1

Obtain z3  2  3i and z4   2  3i A1

Use z 2  1  2 6i to obtain z5 and z6 M1 Allow for use of z 2  1  2 6i .

Obtain z5  2  3i and z6   2  3i A1

7
 39. 9709/32/M/J/23/3

Im(z)
(a) B1 Show a circle with centre –3 + 2i.

Allow for a curved figure with ‘centre’ in roughly the

correct position.
2i
Accept marks or numbers on axes, coordinates of centre
shown.
bold distance is the length
required for part (b) B0B1 available for axes the wrong way round (and M1 A1
in part (b)).
Re(z)
-3

Show a circle with radius 2 B1 FT FT centre not at the origin.

Allow ‘near miss’ on x axis.
Different scales on axes require an ellipse for B1 B1.
Scales on the axes and any label of the radius must be
consistent for B1 B1.
Correct circle shaded scores B1 B0.

(b) Carry out a correct method for finding the least value of |z| M1 e.g. distance of centre from origin – radius or find point of
intersection of circle and 3y = -2x and use Pythagoras.
If they subtract the wrong way round M0.
If their diagram is a reflection or a rotation of the correct
diagram, M1 A1 is available (requires equivalent work).
Any other circle M0.

A1
Obtain answer 13  2 or 17  4 13 26 36
Or exact equivalent e.g. 17  .
3 13
Correct solution only. Allow A1 if exact answer seen and
then decimal given.

40. 9709/32/M/J/23/5

(a) Substitute 2 + yi in a3 – a2 – 2a and attempt expansions of a2 and a3 M1 a 2  4  4 yi  y 2 a3  8  12 yi  6 y 2  y 3i .

 
If using a a 2  a  2 must then expand fully.
Must see working.

Use i2 = –1 M1 Seen at least once (e.g. in squaring).

Obtain final answer –5y2 + (6y – y3)i A1 Or simplified equivalent e.g. 6 yi  5 y 2  y 3i . Do not ISW.

3 No evidence of working for the square or the cube can

score SC B1 for the correct answer.

(b) Equate their –5y2 to –20 and solve for y M1 Need to obtain a value for y.
Available even if their y is not real.

Obtain y = –2 A1 From correct work.

Allow after incorrect f(a) if the real part was correct.
Condone 2 with positive not rejected.

 A1 Correct only (must have rejected y positive).

Obtain final answer arg a = 
4 OE e.g.  π4  2nπ . Accept –0.785, 5.50 .
Allow after incorrect f(a) if the real part was correct.
Accept degrees. Do not ISW.

3
41. 9709/33/M/J/23/3

Show a circle with centre 3  i B1 Must be some evidence of scale on both axes or centre
stated as 3 + i or (3, 1).

Show a circle with radius 3 and centre not at the origin B1 Must be some evidence that radius = 3 or stated r = 3

Show the line y  2 B1 Line y = 2 can be represented by 2 or correct dashes.

Shade the correct region B1 Line and circle must be correct.

Im 4 Scales may be replaced by dashes on axes for all marks.

Correct figure, with no scale on either axis then allow 1/3
and the B1 for correct shaded region Max 2/4.
If B0 above for line but relatively correct position then
2
B1 for correct shaded region Max 3/4.
1
Re and Im axes interchanged but clearly labelled, allow
3 Re
SCB1 for centre and radius of circle correct and SCB1
for line and shading correct Max 2/4.

42. 9709/33/M/J/23/11
43. 9709/31/O/N/23/2

Show points representing 2i and –2 + i B1 Can be implied if the correct perpendicular is drawn.

Show perpendicular bisector of their (2i and –2 + i) B1FT

Show correct half–line of gradient 1 from point (–1, 0) B1 Should pass through (0, 1).

Correct loci and shade correct region B1

44. 9709/31/O/N/23/4
45. 9709/32/O/N/23/4

46. 9709/32/O/N/23/8
47. 9709/33/O/N/23/2

Show a circle centre (2, 0) B1

Show the relevant part of a circle with radius 1 B1 FT FT centre not at the origin even if centre at 1 – 2i.
Must clearly go through (1, 0) or (3, 0) (oe for FT mark).

Show the point representing 1 – 2i B1 Can be implied by correct perpendicular bisector

Show the perpendicular bisector of the line joining 1 – 2i and the origin. B1 FT FT on the position of 1 – 2i.
Perpendicular to OP by eye and at midpoint of OP by eye sufficient.
Must reach midpoint of OP and if extended will cut BE.

Shade the correct region. Dependent on all previous marks, except in case B1
3 below, and the perpendicular must cut axes between CF and BE, but not
actually through C or F and not through B or E
Scale can be implied by dashes

1 Scale only on y-axis and 2OA = OC B1, B1FT, B1, B1FT, B1

2 Scale only on x-axis and 2OB = OE B1, B1FT, B1, B1FT, B1

3 No scale on either axis, but 2OA = OC B0, B1FT, B0, B1FT, B1

then 2OB = OE

48. 9709/33/O/N/23/4