Higher Math

2nd Paper
Chapter-03
Complex Numbers
➢ Important Topics of this Chapter for Creative Question of (a), (b) & (c):
Times
Board & Year the Questions
Questions
Importance Topic Have Appeared
Appeared
a b c CQ
 T-01: Express in the form A+iB 3 - 1 CB’23,19; RB’22; Din.B’22
RB’23,22; Ctg.B’23,22;
T-02: Related to Modulus and BB’23,22; JB’23; CB’23,19;
 8 4 3
Argument of Complex Numbers Din.B’23,19; MB’23; DB’22;
SB’22
T-03: Related to Polar form of
 3 1 - Ctg.B’23,22; CB’23; JB’17
Complex Numbers
RB’23,22,19; SB’23,22,19; BB’23,22;
 T-04: Related to determining roots 13 5 2 CB’23,22; Din.B’23,22,19;
MB’23,22; Ctg.B’22; JB’22
 T-05: Related to power of i and series - 1 - CB’23
T-06: Related to Determining power of
 1 - - DB’23
𝛚 and series of 𝛚
DB’23,22; RB’23; Ctg.B’23,22;
T-07: Related to determining value
 1 7 9 BB’23,22,19; JB’23,22; MB’23,22;
and proofs under conditions
SB’22
SB’23,19; BB’23,19; MB’23;
 T-08: Related to cube root of unity 1 - 6
RB’19,17
RB’23; SB’23,22,19,18;
T-09: Geometrical application related JB’23,22,19,18; Din.B’23,22,18;
 2 5 5
to complex number MB’23; DB’22,18; Ctg.B’22;
BB’22; CB’22,19

T-01: Express in the form 𝐀 + 𝐢𝐁

01. (a) Find the value of (1 − i)−2 − (1 + i)−2. [CB’23]

Solution
1 1 1 1 1 1 −1−1 −1 (−1)i
(a) (1 − i)−2 − (1 + i)−2 = (1−i)2 − (1+i)2 = 1−2i+i2 − 1+2i+i2 = −2i − 2i = 2i
= i
= i2
=i

2−3i
02. (a) Express 4−4i in the form of A + iB. [RB’22]
Solution
2−3i (2−3i)(4+4i) 8−12i+8i−12i2 20−4i 5−i 5 1
(a) 4−4i
= (4−4i)(4+4i) = 4 2 +42
= 32
= 8
= 8 −8i

1
03. (a) If (2 + i)(x + iy) = 1 + 3i, then determine the value of x, y. [Din.B’19]
Solution
(a) Try Yourself.
04. Stem: z = −2 + 2i is a complex number [CB’19]
(c) Determine the nature of roots a and b of the equation z = (a2 + 2) + ib.
Solution
(c) z = (a2 + 2) + ib ⇒ −2 − 2i = (a2 + 2) + ib ∴ a2 + 2 = −2, b = −2; a2 = −4 ∴ a = ±2i
So, a is complex root and b is real root.

T-02: Related to Modulus and Argument of Complex Numbers

01. Scenario-01: z1 = −1 + √3i & z2 = 1 − √3i [RB’23]

(b) Prove that, arg(z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 )
Solution
(b) Given that, z1 = −1 + √3i; z2 = 1 − √3i
Now, z1 z2 = (−1 + √3i)(1 − √3i) = −1 + √3i + √3i − 3i2 = 2 + 2√3i
√3 π 2π π
Now, arg(z1 ) = π − tan−1 | 1 | = π − tan−1 |√3| = π − 3 = 3
; arg(z2 ) = − tan|√3| = − 3
2√3 π
L. H. S = arg(z1 ⋅ z2 ) = tan−1 | 2
|=3
2π π π
R. H. S = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 ) = − = ∴ L. H. S = R. H. S (Proved)
3 3 3

02. Z1 = 1 − ix and Z2 = a + ib where a, b ∈ ℝ [Ctg.B’23]

3 2 2) a b
(c) If √Z2 = p + iq prove that, −2(p + q = p
−q
Solution
(c) Given that, Z2 = a + ib
Now 3√Z2 = p + iq (According to question)
3
⇒ √a + ib = p + iq ⇒ a + ib = p3 + 3p2 qi − 3pq2 − iq3 = (p3 − 3pq2 ) + i(3p2 q − q3 )
∴ a = p3 − 3pq2
b = 3p2 q − q3
a b p3 −3pq2 3p2 q−q3
∴p−q= p
− q
= p2 − 3q2 − 3p2 + q2 = −2p2 − 2q2 = −2(p2 + q2 )
a b
∴ −2(p2 + q2 ) = p
− q [Proved]

03. z1 = −1 − √3, z2 = √3 − i [BB’23, 22]

z
(b) Show that, arg (z1 ) = arg z1 − arg z2
2

Solution
z1 −1−√3i (−1−√3i)(√3+i) −√3−i−3i+√3
−4i z 1 π
(b) = = 2= = = −i ∴ arg ( 1 ) = − tan−1 = − … … … (i)
z2 √3−i (√3+i)(√3−i)
(√3) +(1)2 4 z2 0 2
− √3 π 2π
Again, arg(z1 ) = −π + tan−1 | −1 | = −π + 3 = − 3
1 π 2π π π
arg (z2 ) = − tan−1 |− 3| = − 6 ; arg z1 − arg z2 = − 3 − (− 6 ) = − 2 … … … (ii)
√
z
From (i) and (ii), arg (z1 ) = arg z1 − arg z2 (Showed)
2

2
04. (a) Determine the argument of the complex number (−1 − √3i) [JB’23]
Solution
(a) Given that, z = −1 − √3i
−√3 2π
∴ Argument, arg z = tan−1 | |− π = tan−1 |√3| − π = − (Ans.)
−1 3

05. Scenario: z = r cos θ + i r sin θ. [CB’23]

(c) Prove from scenario, Arg(z 2 ) = 2Arg(z).
Solution
(c) Given that, z = r cos θ + ir sin θ
z 2 = r 2 cos2 θ + i2 r 2 sin2 θ + i2r 2 sin θ cos θ = r 2 (cos2 θ − sin2 θ) + ir 2 (2 sin θ cos θ)
= r 2 cos 2θ + ir 2 sin 2θ
r2 sin 2θ
Now, L. H. S = Arg(z 2 ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (tan 2θ) = 2θ
r2 cos 2θ
r sin θ
Again, R. H. S = 2Arg (z) = 2 tan−1 (r cos θ) = 2 tan−1 (tan θ) = 2θ
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S ⇒ Arg(z 2 ) = 2 Arg(z) (Proved)
1+5i
06. P = 1+i
,Q = 3 − 2i [Din.B’23]
(b) Determine the modulus and argument of Q − 2P.
Solution
2
̅ = 3 + 2i and, P = 1+5i = (1+5i)(1−i)
(b) Given that, Q = 3 − 2i; Q =
1−i+5i−5i 6+4i
= 2
1+i 12 −i2 2
6+4i
̅ − 2P = 3 + 2i − 2 (
Now, Q ) = 3 + 2i − 6 − 4i = −3 − 2i
2
̅ − 2P = |Q
Modulus of Q ̅ − 2P| = √(−3)2 + (−2)2 = √13
−2 2
̅ − 2P) = arg(Q
Argument of (Q ̅ − 2P) = π + tan−1 ( ) = π + tan−1 ( )
−3 3

07. (a) Determine the modulus and argument of −1 + √3i. [DB’22]

Solution
2π
(a) Similar to (b) of question no. 06 Ans: Modulus = 2 and Argument = 3

08. (a) Determine the modulus and primary argument of z = −4 + 4i. [RB’22]
Solution
3π
(a) Similar to (b) of question no. 06 Ans: Modulus = 4√2 and argument = 4

09. (a) Determine the modulus and argument of the complex number 6 − 2√3i. [Ctg.B’22]
Solution
−π
(a) Similar to (b) of question no. 06 Ans: Modulus = 4√3 and Argument = 6
1+2i
10. (a) Determine the modulus of z = 1−3i [SB’22]
Solution
1+2i (1+2i)(1+3i) 1+2i+3i+6i2 −5+5i 1 1 1 1 2 1
(a) z = = = = = − + i ∴ |z| = √(− ) + ( ) =
1−3i (1−3i)(1+3i) 12 +32 10 2 2 2 2 √2

3
11. z1 = 1 + ia, z2 = a + i [BB’22]
z
(b) If a = √3, then show that, arg (z1 ) = arg(z1 ) − arg(z2 ).
2

Solution
(b) Similar to (b) of question no. 03

12. (a) Determine the argument of i − √3. [MB’22]

Solution
1
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 03 Ans: tan−1 (2)

13. (a) Determine the argument of −4 − 4i. [Ctg.B’19]

Solution
π
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 04 Ans: 4

14. Stem: z = −2 + 2i is a complex number [CB’19]

(a) Find the argument of z.
Solution
3π
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 04 Ans:
4

15. a = x 3 , b = 8. [Din.B’19]
(c) If the equation is a − b = 0 having complex roots are z1 and z2 , then prove that
arg(z1 z2 ) = arg (z1 ) + arg (z2 ).
Solution
(c) Similar to (b) of question no. 01

T-03: Related to Polar form of Complex Numbers

01. Z1 = 1 − ix and Z2 = a + ib where a, b ∈ ℝ [Ctg.B’23]

(a) If x = √3, then express Z1 in polar form.
Solution
(a) Given that, Z1 = 1 − ix where x = √3 ∴ z1 = 1 − √3i
2 π
√3 π
∴ r = √(1)2 + (−√3) = √1 + 3 = 2 and θ = − tan−1 | | = − ∴ Z1 = reiθ = 2e−i 3
1 3

02. (a) Express 3 + 4i in polar form. [CB’23]

Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 01 Ans: 5(cos θ + i sin θ)

03. (a) If a + ib = eiθ , then show that, a2 + b2 = 1 [Ctg.B’22]

Solution
(a) a + ib = eiθ ⇒ a + ib = cos θ + isinθ ⇒ |a + ib| = |cos θ + i sin θ|
⇒ √a2 + b 2 = √cos2 θ + sin2 θ ⇒ √a2 + b 2 = 1 ∴ a2 + b2 = 1 (Showed.)

4
04. Scenario-1: x + iy = 2e−iθ . [JB’17]
(b) Prove from scenario-1, x 2 + y 2 = 4
Solution
−iθ
(b) Given that, x + iy = 2e ⇒ x + iy = 2(cosθ − i sinθ) ⇒ x + iy = 2cosθ − 2i sinθ Equating real and
imaginary numbers, we get, x = 2cosθ and y = −2sinθ
Now, x 2 + y 2 = (2cosθ)2 + (2sinθ)2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 4 (cos2 θ + sin2 θ) ∴ x 2 + y 2 = 4 (Proved)

T-04: Related to determining roots

01. (a) Determine the square root of i. [RB’23]

Solution
(a) Let, √i = x + iy … … … (i)
2
(√i) = (x + iy)2 [Squaring] ⇒ i = x 2 + 2x ⋅ iy + i2 y 2 ⇒ i = x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy … … … (ii)
x 2 − y 2 = 0 … … … (iii); 2xy = 1
Again, x 2 + y 2 = √(x 2 − y 2 )2 + 4x 2 y 2 = √02 + (2xy)2 ∴ x 2 + y 2 = 1 … … … (iv)
1 1 1 i
Solving (iii) & (iv), ∴ x = ±√2 ∴ y = ±√2 ∴ √i = ± ( 2
+ i 2)
√ √

02. Conjugate complex number of z = x + iy is z. [SB’23]

4
(a) Find the value of √−49.
(b) If x = 2 and y = 2, find its square root.
Solution
1
4 4 7 7
(a) √−49 = √(±7i)2 = (±7i)2 = √2 (±2i) = √2 (1 ± 2i + i2 ) [∵ i2 = −1]
7 7
= √2 ⋅ √(1 ± i)2 = ±√2 (1 ± i) (Ans.)
(b) Given that, z = x + iy ⇒ z = 2 + 2i [x = 2, y = 2]
Let, √2 + 2i = a + ib ⇒ 2 + 2i = a2 + i. 2ab + i2 b2 ⇒ 2 + 2i = a2 − b2 + i. 2ab
Comparing real and imaginary part, we get, a2 − b2 = 2 … … … (i); 2ab = 2 … … … (ii)
∴ (a2 + b2 )2 = (a2 − b2 )2 + 4a2 b2 = 22 + 22 = 8
∴ a2 + b2 = 2√2 … … … (iii) [∵ a2 and b2 are both positive]
From (i) and (iii), we get, 2a2 = 2 + 2√2 ⇒ a2 = 1 + √2
∴ a = ±√1 + √2 and 2b2 = 2√2 − 2 ⇒ b2 = √2 − 1 ∴ b = ±√√2 − 1
Since, ab is positive, so a and b will have the same sign.
∴ √2 + 2i = ± (√1 + √2 + √√2 − 1i) (Ans.)

03. z1 = −1 − √3 [BB’23]
(a) Find the square root of z1 .
Solution
2 2
1 2 1 3 3 1 3
(a) z1 = −1 − i√3 = ( 2) − 2 ⋅ ⋅ √ i + (√ i) = ( − √ i)
√ √2 2 2 √2 2
2
1 3 1 3
∴ z1 = ( − √ i) ∴ √z1 = ± ( − √ i) (Ans.)
√2 2 √2 2

5
04. Scenario-1: q = 729 [CB’23]
(c) Find the value of 6√−q
Solution
(c) Given, q = 729
Let, 6√−q = x ⇒ −729 = x 6 ⇒ x 6 = 729i2
x3
⇒ (x 3 )2 = (27i)2 ⇒ x 3 = ±27i ⇒ ±27i = 1
x 3 x 3
⇒ (±3i) = 1 ⇒ ±3i = √1
x −1+√−3 −1−√−3
⇒ ± 3i = 1, ω, ω2 [ω = 2
; ω2 = 2
]
∴ x = ±3i, ±3ωi, ±3ω2 I

05. (a) Determine the square root of −3 + 4√−1 . [Din.B’23]

Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 03 Ans: ±(1 + 2i)
4
06. (a) Determine the value of √−2401. [MB’23]
Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 04 Ans: 49i
07. Scenario-1: z = 32 + i. [Ctg.B’22]
(b) Find cube root of z + z̅ from scenario-1.
Solution
(b) z + z̅ = 32 + i + 32 − i = 64; Let, cube root of z + z̅ is x
3 3 x3 x 3
∴ √z + z̅ = x ⇒ √64 = x ⇒ x 3 − 64 = 0 ⇒ = 1 ⇒ ( ) = 1
64 4
x
⇒ = 1, ω, ω2 ∴ x = 4, 4ω, 4ω2 ∴ Required cube root: 4, 4ω, 4ω2
4

08. (a) If z = i, then find the square root of z̅ . [CB’22]

Solution
1 1 1 1 1
(a) √z̅ = ±√−i = ± 2 √−2i = ± 2 √1 − 2i − 1 = ± √1 − 2.1. i + i2 = ± √(1 − i)2 = ± (1 − i)
√ √ √2 √2 √2
1
09. a = 4, b = √−4, z = n (l + im) is a complex number. [RB’22]
(b) Determine √a + b.
(c) If l = m = 3, n = √18, then determine the summation of cubic roots of |z|.
Solution
(b) Let, √a + b = √4 + √−4 = √4 + 2i = x + iy ∴ (x + iy)2 = 4 + 2i
⇒ x 2 − y 2 + 2xyi = 4 + 2i ∴ x 2 − y 2 = 4 … … … (i)
And, 2xy = 2 … … … (ii) ∴ x 2 + y 2 = √(x 2 − y 2 )2 + 4x 2 y 2 = √16 + 4 = 2√5 … … … (iii)
Adding (i) and (iii) we get, 2x 2 = 4 + 2√5 ⇒ x 2 = 2 + √5 ⇒ x = ±√2 + √5
Subtracting (i) from (iii) we get, 2y 2 = 2√5 − 4 ⇒ y 2 = √5 − 2 ⇒ y = ±√√5 − 2
∴ √a + b = ±√√5 + 2 + (±√√5 − 2) = ± (√√5 + 2 + √√5 − 2)
1 1 1 1 1
(c) z = n (l + im) = (3 + 3i) = 3 (3 + 3i) = (1 + i) ∴ |z| = √12 + 12 = 1
√18 √2 √2 √2
3 3
Let, √|z| = x ⇒ x − |z| = 0 ⇒ x = 1 ⇒ x = 1, ω, ω2 ∴ 1 + ω + ω = 0 ∴ Required sum = 0
3 2

6
 2x
10. f(x) = [SB’22]
1+x2
(b) Determine cubic root of f(1).
Solution
2 2 3 3
(b) f(1) = = = 1 Now, Let, √f(1) = x ⇒ √1 = x ⇒ 1 = x ⇒ x 3 − 1 = 0 ⇒ (x − 1)(x 2 + x + 1) = 0
1+1 2
Now, x − 1 = 0 ∴ x = 1 −1±√1−4 −1±√−3 −1±i√3
Or, x 2 + x + 1 = 0 ∴ x = = =
2 2 2
−1±√3i
∴ Cubic roots of f(1) are 1, 2

11. (a) Find the square root of √−1 [BB’22]

Solution
1
(a) Let, z = √−1 = i ∴ √z = ±√i = ± √1 + 2i − 1
√2
1 1 1
=± √(1 + 2.1. i + i)2 = ± √(1 + i)2 = ± (1 + i)
√2 √2 √2

12. M = −5 + 12√−1, [JB’22]

(b) Determine the cubic roots of M.
Solution
(b) Similar to (a) of question no. 06 Ans: √m = ±(2 + 3i)
13. Scenario-1: z1 = 1 − 3i, z2 = 1 − i [Din.B’22]
(b) Determine √z1 z2 from scenario-1.
Solution
(b) z1 z2 = (1 − 3i)(1 − i) = 1 − 3i − i + 3i2 = −2 − 4i ; Let, √z1 z2 = x + iy
⇒ z1 z2 = (x + iy)2 = x 2 − y 2 + 2xyi ⇒ −2 − 4i = x 2 − y 2 + 2xyi
∴ x 2 − y 2 = −2 … … … (i) and, 2xy = −4 … … … (ii)
∴ x 2 + y 2 = √(x 2 − y 2 )2 + 4x 2 y 2 = √4 + 16 = √20 … … … . (iii)
Adding (iii) and (i) we get, 2x 2 = −2 + 2√5 ⇒ x = ±√−1 + √5
Subtracting (i) from (iii) we get, 2y 2 = 2 + 2√5 ⇒ y = ±√1 + √5
∴ √z1 z2 = x + iy = (±√−1 + √5) + (±√1 + √5 ) i = ± (√−1 + √5 − i√1 + √5 )

14. (a) Determine the cube roots of −2i. [MB’22]

Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 01 Ans: ±(i − 1)

15. (a) Determine the square root of −5 + 12√−1. [RB’19]

Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 03 Ans: ±(2 + 3i)
3
16. (a) Determine the value of √i [Ctg.B’19]
Solution
3 3 3
(a) Given term = √i = √i(−i2 ) = √−i3 = −i

7
17. (a) Find the square root of 5i. [SB’19]
Solution
5 5
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 01 Ans: ± (√ + √ i)
2 2

18. a = x 3 , b = 8. [Din.B’19]
(a) Find square root of bi.
Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 01 Ans: ±(2 + 2i)

T-05: Related to power of i and series

01. Scenario: z = r cos θ + i r sin θ.

(b) In the scenario, if θ = 45° and r = 1, then find the value of z 8 + z 6 + z 4 + z 2 + 1 [CB’23]
Solution
(b) Given that, z = r cos θ + ir sin θ
1 i 1 i 2 1 i i2
If θ = 45° and r = 1, z = 1 cos 45° + i × 1 sin 45° = + 2 ∴ z2 = ( + ) = 2+2×2+ =i
√2 √ √2 √2 2
8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 (i4 )2 (i3 )2 (i2 )2 2
∴z +z +z +z +1 = i +i +i +i +1 = + + +i +1
= (1)2 + (−i)2 + (−1)2 + (−1) + 1 = 1 + (−1) + 1 = 1 (Ans.)

T-06: Related to Determining power of 𝛚 and series of 𝛚

3 6
01. (a) If one imaginary cubic root of unity is ω, then show that (1 + ω + ω) = 64 [DB’23]
Solution
(a) If one imaginary cubic root of unity is ω, then,
We know, 1 + ω + ω2 = 0 & ω3 = 1
6
3 6 3 6 −ω3 +3 −1+3 6 2 6
L.H.S = (1 + ω + ω) = (−ω2 + ω) = ( ω
) =( ω
) = (ω)
6
2ω2
= (ω×ω2 ) [Multiplying numerator and denominator by ω2 ]
= (2ω2 )6 = 64ω12 = 64 = R. H. S (Showed)

T-07: Related to determining value and proofs under conditions

01. Scenario-02: 7 + i8 = (p + iq)3 . [DB’23]

7 2
(c) From scenario-02, prove that, p2 − q2 = 4p
+ q.
Solution
(c) Given that, 7 + i8 = (p + iq)3 = p3 + 3p2 ⋅ iq + 3 ⋅ p ⋅ i2 q2 + i3 q3
= p3 + i ⋅ 3p2 q − 3pq2 − i ⋅ q3 = (p3 − 3pq2 ) + i(3p2 q − q3 )
That is, p3 − 3pq2 = 7 ⇒ p(p2 − 3q2 ) = 7 and 3p2 q − q3 = 8 ⇒ q(3p2 − q2 ) = 8
7 p2 −3q2 2 3p2 −q2
⇒ = … … … (i) ⇒ = … … … (ii)
4p 4 q 4
7 2 p2 −3q2 3p2 −q2 4p2 −4q2 7 2
(i) + (ii) ⇒ 4p + q = 4 + 4
= 4
= p2 − q2 ∴ p2 − q2 = 4q + q (Proved)

8
02. Scenario-01: x = (a + bω + cω2 ), y = (a + bω2 + cω) [DB’23]
3 3 1
(b) From scenario-01, if x + y = 0, then show that b = 2
(c + a)
Solution
(b) According to the question, x 3 + y 3 = 0 ⇒ (a + bω + cω2 )3 + (a + bω2 + cω)3 = 0
3
a+bω+cω2 a+bω+cω2 3
⇒ (a + bω + cω2 )3 = −(a + bω2 + cω)3 ⇒ (− a+bω2 +cω) = 1 ⇒ (− a+bω2 +cω = √1 = 1, ω and ω2
a+bω+cω2
Now, − a+bω2 +cω = ω2 ⇒ −a − bω − cω2 = aω2 + bω4 + cω3
⇒ −a − bω − cω2 = aω2 + bω + c ⇒ 2bω = −a − aω2 − c − cω2 = −a(1 + ω2 ) − c(1 + ω2 )
= (−a)(−ω) − c(−ω) [∵ 1 + ω + ω2 = 0]
1
= aω + cω ∴ b = (c + a) (Showed)
2

03. Scenario-01: z1 = −1 + √3i and z2 = 1 − √3I [RB’23]

3 a b
(c) If √Z2 = p + iq , then prove that −2(p2 + q2 ) = −
p q

Solution
(c) Given that Z2 = a + ib; Now, 3√Z2 = p + iq (According to the question)
3
⇒ √a + ib = p + iq ⇒ a + ib = p3 + 3p2 qi − 3pq2 − iq3 = (p3 − 3pq2 ) + i(3p2 q − q3 )
a b p3 −3pq2 3p2 q−q3
∴ a = p3 − 3pq2 and b = 3p2 q − q3 ∴ − = −
p q p q
a b
2 2 2 2 2
= p − 3q − 3p + q = −2p − 2q = −2(p + q 2 2 2)
∴ −2(p2 + q2 ) = p − q [Proved]

04. Scenario-02: g(x) = l + mx + nx 2 [RB’23]

(c) scenario-02, If in l + m + n = 0, then prove that {g(w)}3 + {g(w 2 )}3 = 27lmn
Solution
(c) Given that, 𝑙 + m + n = 0
and, g(x) = 𝑙 + mx + nx 2 ; g(ω) = 𝑙 + mω + nω2 ; g(ω2 ) = 𝑙 + mω2 + nω4 = 𝑙 + mω2 + nω
L. H. S = {g(ω)}3 + {g(ω2 )}3 = (𝑙 + mω + nω2 )3 + (𝑙 + mω2 + nω)3 = a3 + b3
[Let, 𝑙 + mω + nω2 = a; 𝑙 + mω2 + nω = b]
= (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2 ) = (a + b){a2 + (ω + ω2 )ab + b2 ω3 } = (a + b)(a + ωb)(a + ω2 b)
= (𝑙 + mω + nω2 + 𝑙 + mω2 + nω) = (𝑙 + mω + nω + 𝑙ω + mω3 + nω2 ) = (𝑙 + mω + nω2 + 𝑙ω2 + mω4 + nω3 )
= {2𝑙 + m(ω + ω2 ) + n(ω + ω2 )}{𝑙(1 + ω) + m(1 + ω) + 2nω2 }{𝑙(1 + ω2 ) + 2mω + n(1 + ω2 )}
= (2𝑙 − m − n)(2nω2 − 𝑙ω2 − mω2 )(2mω − nω − 𝑙ω) = (2𝑙 − m − n)(2n − 𝑙 − m)(2m − n − 𝑙)
= {2𝑙 − (m + n)}{2n − (𝑙 + m)}{2m − (n + 𝑙)} = (2𝑙 + 𝑙)(2n + n)(2m + m)
= 3𝑙 × 3n × 3m = 27mn𝑙 (Proved)

05. Z1 = 1 − ix and Z2 = a + ib where a, b ∈ ℝ [Ctg.B’23]

Z1
(b) Prove that a real value of x satisfies the equation = Z̅2 , where a + b = 1
2 2
Z1

Solution
(b) Given that, Z1 = 1 − ix, Z2 = a + ib and a2 + b2 = 1
Z 1−ix
Here, according to question 1 = Z̅2 ⇒ = a − ib
1+ix
Z1
1+ix 1 1+ix−1+ix 1−a+ib (1−a+ib)(1+a+ib) (1+ib)2 −a2 1+2ib−a2 −b2
⇒ 1−ix
= a−ib ⇒ 1+ix+1−ix = 1+a−ib ⇒ ix = (1+a−ib)(1+a+ib) ⇒ ix = 1+2a+a2 +b2 ⇒ ix = 1+2a+a2 +b2
1+2ib−1 2ib b
⇒ ix = 1+2a+1 ⇒ ix = 2(1+a) ⇒ x = 1+a; Which is a real number [as a, b, c ℝ]

9
06. f(x) = x 2 + x + 1 [Ctg.B’23]
(b) If {f(x)} = a0 + a1 x + a2 x + … … … + a2n x , then prove that a0 + a3 + a6 + … … … = 3n−1
n 2 2n

Solution
(b) {f(x)}n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + … … … + a2n x2n and f(x) = x 2 + x + 1
Putting x = ω, (ω2 + ω + 1)n = a0 + a1 ω + a2 ω2 + a3 ω3 + … … …
⇒ 0 = a0 + a1 ω + a2 ω2 + a3 … … … (i)
Putting x = ω2 , (ω4 + ω2 + 1)n = a0 + a1 ω2 + a2 ω4 + a3 ω6 … … …
⇒ (ω + ω2 + 1)n = a0 + a1 ω2 + a2 ω + a3 + … … …
⇒ 0 = a0 + a1 ω2 + a2 ω + a3 + … … … (ii)
Putting x = 1, (12 + 1 + 1)n = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + … … …
⇒ 3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + … … … (iii)
By adding (i), (ii) and (iii),
0 + 0 + 3n = (a0 + a1 ω + a2 ω2 + a3 + … … … ) + (a0 + a1 ω2 + a2 ω + a3 + … … … ) + (a0 + a1 +
a2 + a3 + … … … )
⇒ 3n = 3(a0 + a3 + a6 + … … … ) + a1 (ω + ω2 + 1) + a2 (1 + ω + ω2 ) + … … …
3n
⇒ 3n = 3(a0 + a3 + a6 + … … … ) + 0 ∴ a0 + a3 + a6 + ⋯ … … = 3
= 3n−1

07. f(x) = a + bx + cx 2 , g(x) = px 2 + qx + r [BB’23]

3 2 3
(b) If f(1) = 0 then prove that {f(ω)} + {f(ω )} = 27abc, where a complex cube root of unity is ω
Solution
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 04

08. (i) x + y + z = R [JB’23]

(c) If R = 0 and ω is an imaginary cubic root of unity, then, prove that, (x + yω + zω2 )3 +
(x + yω2 + zω)3 = 27xyz.
Solution
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 04

09. (a) If z1 = 3 + 3i, z2 = 4 + 5i show that, z1 + z2 = z1 + z2 [MB’23]

Solution
(a) Given that, z1 = 3 + 3i and z2 = 4 + 5i ∴ z̅1 = 3 − 3i … … … (i) and z̅2 = 4 − 5i … … … (ii)
∴ L. H. S = z1 + z2 = (3 + 4) + (3 + 5)i = 7 + 8i = 7 − 8i
= (3 − 3i) + (4 − 5i) = z̅1 + z̅2 [From (i) and (ii)] = R. H. S [Showed]
10. In the stem: z = x + iy [DB’22]
3 3
(b) If √p + iq = z, then show that √p − iq = z̅
Solution
(b) Given that, 3√p + iq = z = x + iy
According to the question, 3√p + iq = x + iy ⇒ P + iq = (x + iy)3 ⇒ p + iq = x 3 + 3x 2 yi + 3xy 2 i2 + y 3 i3
⇒ p + iq = x 3 + 3x 2 yi − 3xy 2 − y 3 i = (x 3 − 3xy 2 ) + (3x 2 y − y 3 )i
∴ p = x 3 − 3xy; q = 3x 2 y − y 3 ∴ p − iq = x 3 − 3xy 2 − (3x 2 y − y 3 )i
= x 3 − 3x 2 yi + 3xy 2 i2 + y 3 (−i)3
= x 3 − 3x 2 (yi) + 3x(yi)2 − (yi)3 = (x − iy)3 ∴ 3√p − iq = x − iy = z̅ (Showed)

10
11. Scenario-2: (1 + y)n = b0 + b1 y + b2 y 2 + b3 y 3 + ⋯ + bn y n . [Ctg.B’22]
2
(c) From the equation of Scenario-2, show that (b0 − b2 + b4 −⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅) = (b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 +⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅) −
(b1 − b3 + b5 −⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅)2
Solution
(c) (1 + y)n = b0 + b1 y + b2 y 2 + b3 y 3 + … … … bn y n
Putting, y = 1, we get, (1 + 1)n = b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 + … … … + bn … … … . (i)
Now, (1 + 1)n = (1 − i2 )n = (1 + i)n (1 − i)n … … … (ii)
(1 + i)n = b0 + b1 i + b2 i2 + b3 i3 + b4 i4 + b5 i5 + … … …
= b0 + b1 i − b2 − b3 i + b4 + b5 i + … … …
= (b0 − b2 + b4 − … … … ) + (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )i
(1 − i)n = b0 + b1 (−i) + b2 (−i)2 + b3 (−i)3 + b4 (−i)4 + b5 (−i)5 + … … …
= b0 − b1 i − b2 + b3 i + b4 − b5 i + … … … = (b0 − b2 + b4 − … … … ) − (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )i
∴ (1 + i)n (1 − i)n = {(b0 − b2 + b4 − … … … ) + (b1 − b3 + b5 … … … )i}{(b0 − b2 + b4 −
… … … ) − (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )i}
= (b0 − b2 + b4 − … … … )2 + (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )2
⇒ (1 + 1)n = (b0 − b2 + b4 − … … … )2 + (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )2 [(ii)]
⇒ b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 + … … … = (b0 − b2 + b4 … … … )2 + (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )2 [(i)]
∴ (b0 − b2 + b4 + … … … )2 = (b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 + … … … ) − (b1 − b3 + b5 − … … … )2 (Showed.)

12. g(x) = p + qx + rx 2 one function. [SB’22]

(c) If p + q + r = 0, then prove that {g(ω)}2 + {g(ω2 )}2 = 3(p2 + 2qr), where ω is a complex root of
cube roots of unity.
Solution
(c) p + q + r = 0 . We have to prove that, {g(ω)}2 + {g(ω2 )}2 = 3(p2 + 2qr)
L. H. S = {g(ω)}2 + {g(ω2 )}2 ⇒ (p + qω + rω2 )2 + (p + qω2 + rω4 )2
= (p + qω + rω2 )2 + (p + qω2 + rω)2
= p2 + q2 ω2 + r 2 ω4 + 2pqω + 2qrω3 + 2prω2 + p2 + q2 ω4 + r 2 ω2 + 2pqω2 + 2prω3 + 2prω
= 2p2 + q2 (ω2 + ω) + r 2 (ω + ω2 ) + 2pq(ω + ω2 ) + 2qr(ω3 + ω3 ) + 2pr(ω + ω2 )
= 2p2 + (q2 + r2 )(ω + ω2 ) + 2p(ω + ω2 )(q + r) + 2qr × 2
= 2p2 − (q + r)2 + 2qr + 2p + 2p(−1)(−p) + 4qr
= 2p2 − (−p)2 + 6qr + 2p2 = 4p2 − p2 + 6qr = 3p2 + 6qr
= 3(p2 + 2qr) = R. H. S (Proved.)
1
13. Stem-2: (y + ix)3 = a + ib is an equation. [BB’22]
(c) Show from stem-2 that, ax + by = 4ab(a2 − b2 ).
Solution
1
(c) (y + ix) = a + ib ∴ y + ix = (a + ib)3 = a3 + 3a2 bi + 3ab2 i2 + (bi)3 = a3 − 3ab2 + 3a2 bi − b3 i
3

= a3 − 3ab2 + (3a2 b − b3 )i ∴ y = a3 − 3ab2 ; x = 3a2 b − b3

∴ ax + by = 3a3 b − ab3 + a3 b − 3ab3 = 4a3 b − 4ab3 = 4ab(a2 − b2 ) (Showed)
11
 3
14. M = −5 + 12√−1, p = √a + ib and q = x + iy [JB’22]
a b
(c) If p = q, then prove that, 4(x 2 − y 2 ) = x
+ y.
Solution
3
(c) Given that, p = q So, √a + ib = x + iy ⇒ a + ib = x 3 + i3 y 3 + 3x 2 xiy + 3i2 y 2 x
⇒ a + ib = x 3 − 3xy 2 + i3x 2 y − iy 3 ⇒ a + ib = (x 3 − 3xy 2 ) + i(3x 2 y − y 3 )
∴ a = x 3 − 3xy 2 and b = 3x 2 y − y 3
a b x3 −3xy2 3x2 y−y3
Now, R. H. S = x + y = x
+ y
= x 2 − 3y 2 + 3x 2 − y 2 = 4x 2 − 4y 2 = 4(x 2 − y 2 ) = L. H. S
a b
∴ 4(x 2 − y 2 ) = x + y. (Proved)

15. z1 = 1 + ix, z2 = a + ib and z3 = x + iy are three complex numbers. [MB’22]

̅̅̅
z1
(b) If |z2 |2 = 1 , then show that a real value of x satisfies the equation z1
= z̅2 .
b a
(c) If 3√z2 = z3 then prove that, |z3 | = √2y − 2x.

Solution
(b) Given that, z1 = 1 + ix, z2 = a + ib; According to the question, |z2 |2 = 1 ⇒ a2 + b2 = 1
∴ b2 = 1 − a2 = −(a2 − 1)
z̅ 1−ix 1−ix+1+ix a−ib+1 2 a−ib+1
Again, z1 = z̅2 ⇒ 1+ix = a − ib ⇒ 1−ix−1−ix = a−ib−1 ⇒ −2ix = a−ib−1
1
a−ib−1 a−ib−1 a−ib−1 (a−1)−ib
⇒ −ix = ⇒ i2 x = ⇒x= =
a−ib+1 ai−i2 b+i ai+b+i b+(a+1)i
{(a−1)−ib}{b−(a+1)i} ab−b−ib2 −(a2 −1)i+(ab+b)i2 ab−b−ib2 +b2 i−ab−b −2b −2b b
= {b+(a+1)i}{b−(a+1)i} = 2
b −(a+1) i2 2 = b2 +(a+1)2
= b2 +a2 +2a+1 = 2a+2 = − a+1
b
Therefore, x = − ; which is a real solution. So, a real value of x satisfies the above equation. (Showed)
a+1
(c) Given that, z2 = a + ib, z3 = x + iy ; According to the question, 3√z2 = z3 ⇒ z2 = (z3 )3
(x 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
⇒ a + ib = + iy) = x + 3x yi + 3xy i + 3xy i + y i
= x 3 + 3x 2 yi − 3xy 2 − y 3 i = (x 3 − 3xy 2 ) + (3x 2 y − y 3 )i
b a 3x2 y−y3 x3 −3xy2 3 1 1 3
∴ a = x 3 − 3xy 2 ∴ b = 3x 2 y − y 3 ∴ 2y − 2x = 2y
− 2x
= 2 x2 − 2 y2 − 2 x2 + 2 y2
2 b a
= x 2 + y 2 = (√x 2 + y 2 ) = (|x + iy|)2 = (|z3 |)2 ∴ |z3 | = √ − (Proved)
2y 2x

16. Scenario-1: p(x) = a + bx + cx 2 [BB’19]

1 3 1 1
(b) In scenario-1, if {p(ω)}3 + {p (ω)} = 0 then show that a = 2 (b + c) or c = 2 (a + b).
Solution
1 3 b c 3
(b) Here, {p(ω)}3 = {a + bω + cω2 }3 ; {p (ω)} = (a + ω + ω2 ) = (aω2 + bω + c)3 [ω6 = 1]
a+bω+cω2
According to the equation, (a + bω + cω2 )3 + (aω2 + bω + c)3 = 0 ⇒ − aω2 +bω+c = 1, ω, ω2
when root is 1 then −a − bω − cω2 = aω2 + bω + c
c+a
⇒ a(1 + ω2 ) + 2bω + c(1 + ω2 ) = 0 ⇒ −aω + 2bω − cω = 0 ⇒ 2b = c + a ∴ b = 2
b+c
when root is ω then, −a − bω − cω2 = a + bω2 + cω ∴ a =
2
a+b
when root is ω2 then, −a − bω − cω2 = aω + b + cω2 ∴ c = 2 (Showed)

12
 T-08: Related to cube root of unity

01. Scenario: Complex roots of equation x 3 − 1 = 0 are a and b.

(c) From scenario prove that, an + bn = 2 or −1, when n is respectively divisible by 3 or any other integer.
[SB, BB’23]
Solution
(c) x 3 − 1 = 0; x = 1, ω, ω2
Two roots of x = ω, b = ω2 that is, an + bn = 2; ωn + ω2n = 2 … … … (i)
Now, according to the question n is divisible by 3, if m is an integer then n = 3m
∴ ωn + (ω2 )n = ω3m + (ω2 )3m = ω3m + ω6m = 1 + 1 = 2[m ∈ ℤ]
Again, m ∈ ℤ, n ∈ ℤ and if n is not divisible by 3, n = 3m + 1 ⇒ ωn + (ω2)n = ω3m+1 + ω6m+2
= ω3m ⋅ ω + ω6m ⋅ ω2 = ω + ω2 [m ∈ ℤ]
= −1[since 1 + ω + ω2 = 0]
Or, n = 3m + 2 ⇒ ωn + (ω2 )n = ω3m+2 + ω6m+2 = ω2 + ω4 = ω2 + ω[𝑚 ∈ ℤ] = −1 [Proved]

02. 2x = −1 + √−3, 2y = −1 − √−3. [Din.B’23]

(c) Prove that, 3x 4 + 3x 3 y + xy 2 + y 4 = −3.
Solution
−1+√−3 −1−√−3
(c) Given that, 2x = −1 + √−3 ⇒ x = 2
=ω and 2y = −1 − 3√−3 ⇒ y = 2
= ω2
Now, 3x 4 + x 3 y + xy 2 + y 4 = 3(ω) + ω ω + ω(ω2 )2 + (ω2 )4 = 3ω4 + ω + ω + ω8
4 3 2 5 5

= 3ω + 2ω2 + ω2 = 3ω + 3ω2 = 3(ω + ω2 ) = 3 × −1 = −3 [∴ 1 = ω2 + ω = 0 ⇒ ω2 + ω = −1] (Proved)

03. The roots of the equation p2 + p + 1 = 0 are α and β. [MB’23]

(c) Prove that, αS + βS = −1, when the value of S is such an integer that is not divisible by 3
Solution
(c) Given that, the roots of the equation p2 + p + 1 = 0 are α and β
That is, α + β = −1 … … … (i); αβ = 1 … … … (ii)
If the roots of the equation p2 + p + 1 = 0 are α and β then, α = ω and β = ω2 ∴ ω + ω2 + 1 = 0
Let, S = 3m + 1 L. H. S = αs + βs = (ω)3m+1 + (ω2 )3m+1
= ω3m ⋅ ω + ω2⋅3m ⋅ ω2 = 1 ⋅ ω + 1 ⋅ ω2 = −1 = R. H. S
Again, S = 3m + 2 L. H. S = αs + βs = (ω)3m+2 + (ω2 )3m+2 = ω3m ⋅ ω2 + ω6m ⋅ ω4
= 1 ⋅ ω2 + 1 ⋅ ω2 = −1 = R. H. S
∴ αs + βs = −1 when the value of S is such an integer that is not divisible by 3 (Proved)

04. Scenario-2: ω is an imaginary cube root of unity. [BB’19]

(c) From scenario-2, prove that 1 + ω + ω2 = 0.
Solution
3
(c) Imaginary cubic root of unity ω ; Let, x = √1 ⇒ x 3 − 1 = 0 ⇒ (x − 1)(x 2 + x + 1) = 0
−1±√1−4 −1±√3i −1+√3i −1−√3i
If x = 1 or, x = = then, ω = ; ω2 =
2.1 2 2 2
−1+√3i −1−√3i 2
Now, L. H. S. = 1 + ω + ω2 = 1 + + = 1 − = 0 = R. H. S (Proved)
2 2 2

13
05. Stem-2: 2x = −1 + √−3 and 2y = −1 − √−3 [RB’19]
(c) From stem-2: prove that, x 4 + x 3 y + x 2 y 2 + xy 3 + y 4 = −1.
Solution
−1+√−3 −1−√−3
(c) 2x = −1 + √−3 ⇒ x = 2
∴ x = ω; 2y = −1 − √−3 ⇒ y = 2
∴ y = ω2
L. H. S. = x 4 + x 3 y + x y + xy + y 4 = ω4 + ω3 . ω2 + ω2 . (ω2 )2 + ω. (ω2 )3 + (ω)4
2 2 3

= ω + ω2 + 1 + ω + ω2 = −1 = R. H. S.
∴ L. H. S. = R. H. S ∴ x 4 + x 3 y + x 2 y 2 + xy 2 + y 4 = −1 (Proved)

06. Stem-2: y 2 + y + 1 = 0. [SB’19]

(c) If the roots of the equation of Stem-2 are p and q, then show that,
2, when m is divisible by 3
pm + qm = {
−1, when m is other integer
Solution
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 01
7 7
07. (a) If the complex cubic root of unity is ω, ω2 , then determine the value of (−1 + √−3) + (−1 − √−3) .
[RB’17]
Solution
−1+√−3 −1−√−3
(a) We know, imaginary roots of unity, ω = and ω2 =
2 2
that is, 2ω = −1 + √−3 and 2ω2 = −1 − √−3
7 7
∴ (−1 + √−3) ) + (−1 − √−3) = (2ω)7 + (2ω2 )7 ⇒ 27 ω7 + 27 ω14 ⇒ 128(ω7 + ω14 )
⇒ 128(ω + ω2 ) ⇒ 128 × (−1) = −128

T-09: Geometrical application related to complex number

01. z̅ = x + iy [RB’23]
(b) Find the co-ordinate of the vertex indicated by the locus |z + 3| + |z̅ − 3| = 10.
Solution
(b) Given that, |z + 3| + |z̅ − 3| = 10 ⇒ |x − iy + 3| + |x + iy − 3| = 10 ⇒ |x + 3 − iy| + |x − 3 + iy| = 10
⇒ √(x + 3)2 + y 2 + √(x − 3)2 + y 2 = 10 ⇒ √(x + 3)2 + y 2 = 10 − √(x − 3)2 + y 2
⇒ (x + 3)2 + y 2 = 100 − 20√(x − 3)2 + y 2 + x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 9
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 9 − x 2 − y 2 + 6x − 109 = −20√(x − 3)2 + y 2
⇒ 12x − 100 = −20√(x − 3)2 + y 2
⇒ 3x − 25 = −5√(x − 3)2 + y 2 ⇒ 9x 2 − 150x + 625 = 25{(x − 3)2 + y 2 }
⇒ 9x 2 − 150x + 625 = 25x 2 + 25y 2 − 150x + 225 ⇒ 16x 2 + 25y 2 = 400
x2 y2 x2 y2
⇒ 25 + 16 = 1 ∴ 52 + 42 = 1
Vertex of the given locus is (±5, 0)
14
02. Conjugate complex number of z = x + iy is z. [SB’23]
(c) Find the locus expressed by |z + 4| − |z − 4| = 10.
Solution
(c) Given that, z = x + iy ∴ z̅ = x − iy
|z + 4| − |z̅ − 4| = 10 ⇒ |x + iy + 4| − |x − iy − 4| = 10
⇒ |(x + 4) + iy| − |(x − 4) − iy| = 10
⇒ √(x + 4)2 + y 2 − √(x − 4)2 + y 2 = 10
⇒ √(x + 4)2 + y 2 = 10 + √(x − 4)2 + y 2
⇒ (x + 4)2 + y 2 = 100 + (x − 4)2 + y 2 + 20√(x − 4)2 + y 2 [Squaring]
⇒ (x + 4)2 − (x − 4)2 − 100 = 20√(x − 4)2 + y 2
⇒ 4 ⋅ x ⋅ 4 − 100 = 20√(x − 4)2 + y 2
⇒ 4x − 25 = 5√(x − 4)2 + y 2 ⇒ 16x 2 + 625 − 200x = 25(x 2 − 8x + 16 + y 2 )
⇒ 16x 2 + 625 − 200x = 25x 2 − 200x + 400 + 25y 2
∴ 25y 2 + 9x 2 = 225 which is the equation of an ellipse. (Ans.)

03. (ii) p = x + iy. [JB’23]

(b) If the conjugate of complex number p is q, determine the locus indicated by |p + 3i| = |q + 4|.
Solution
(b) Let, p = x + iy ∴ q = x − iy
Given that, |p + 3i| = |q + 4| ⇒ |x + iy + 3i| = |x − iy + 4|
⇒ |x + i(y + 3)| = |(x + 4) − iy| ⇒ √x 2 + (y + 3)2 = √(x + 4)2 + y 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 6y + 9 = x 2 + 8x + 16 + y 2 ⇒ 8x − 6y + 7 = 0
Which indicates a straight line (Ans.)
1 1
04. (a) If z = x + iy, then determine the locus indicated by Re ( ) = [Din.B’23]
z 2

Solution
(a) Given that, z = x + iy ; z̅ = x − iy
1 1 x+iy x+iy x+iy x y
Now, (z̅) = x−iy = (x−iy)(x+iy) = x2 −(iy)2 = x2 +y2 = x2 +y2 + i x2 +y2
1 x 1
∴ Re (z) = x2 +y2 = 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0 which is a circle.

05. z = x + iy [MB’23]
(b) Determine the nature and equation of the locus indicated by |z + 4| + |z − 4| = 10
Solution
(b) Similar to (c) of question no. 02 Ans: 9x 2 + 25y 2 = 225

06. In the stem: z = x + iy [DB’22]

(c) Find the equation of the locus indicated by 3|z − 1| = 2|z − 2|.
Solution
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 05 Ans: 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 2x − 7 = 0
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07. Scenario-1: |z + 6| + |z − 6| = 20 where z = x + iy. [Ctg.B’22]
(b) Draw the figure of the equation indicated by scenario-1, mentioning the locus and its name.
Solution
(b) According to the question, |z + 6| + |z − 6| = 20 ⇒ |(x + 6) + iy| + |(x − 6) + iy| = 20
⇒ √(x + 6) + y 2 + √(x − 6)2 + y 2 = 20 ⇒ √(x + 6)2 + y 2 − 20 = −√(x − 6)2 + y 2
⇒ x 2 + 12x + 36 + y 2 + 400 − 40√(x + 6)2 + y 2 = x 2 − 12x + 36 + y 2
⇒ 24x + 400 = 40√(x + 6)2 + y 2 ⇒ (24x + 400)2 = 1600(x 2 + 12x + 36 + y 2 )
⇒ 576x 2 + 19200x + 160000 = 1600x 2 + 19200x + 57600 + 1600y2
⇒ 9x 2 + 300x + 2500 = 25x 2 + 300x + 900 + 25y 2 ⇒ 16x 2 + 25y 2 = 1600
x2 y2
⇒ 100 + 64 = 1 which indicates an ellipse.

08. z = x + iy is a complex expression [SB’22]

(b) Determine the center and radius of circle |z + 3| = 4.
Solution
(b) |z + 3| = 4 ⇒ |x + iy + 3| = 4 ⇒ |(x + 3) + iy| = 4
= √(x + 3)2 + y 2 = 4 ⇒ (x + 3)2 + y 2 = 16 ∴ Center of the circle: (−3, 0) and radius is 4 units.

09. |z + 2| + |z − 2| = 6, z = x + iy is a conic. [BB’22]

(c) Determine the name of the two axes of the conic.
Solution
(c) |z + 2| + |z − 2| = 6 ⇒ |x + iy + 2| + |x + iy − 2| = 6 ⇒ |(x + 2) + iy| + |(x − 2) + iy| = 6
⇒ √(x + 2) + y 2 + √(x − 2)2 + y 2 = 6 ⇒ √(x + 2)2 + y 2 − 6 = −√(x − 2) + y 2
⇒ x 2 + 4x + 4 + y 2 − 2√(x + 2)2 + y 2 ⋅ 6 + 36 = x 2 − 4x + 4 + y 2
⇒ 8x + 36 = 12√(x + 2)2 + y 2 ⇒ 2x + 9 = 3√(x + 2)2 + y 2
⇒ (2x + 9)2 = 9(x 2 + 4x + 4 + y 2 ) ⇒ 4x 2 + 36x + 81 = 9x 2 + 36x + 36 + 9y 2
x2 y2
⇒ 5x 2 + 9y 2 = 81 − 36 = 45 ⇒ 9
+ 5
=1
Which is an ellipse; in which case, a = 3 and b = √5
∴ The lengths of the two axes are respectively 2a = 6 and 2b = 2√5 unit.

10. (a) Express 1 + 2i with the help of Argand diagram. [JB’22]

Solution
(a) 1 + 2i = x + iy ∴ x = 1, y = 2
∴ The interpreting point of the complex number in Argand plane is (1, 2).

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11. Stem-1: z = −1 + i is a complex number.; Stem-2: z = x + iy. [CB’22]
(b) Show the modulus and argument of the complex number mentioned in stem-1 in Argand diagram.
(c) Determine the Centre and radius of circle |z + 2| = 5 with the help of stem-2.
Solution
(b) z = −1 + i = x + iy ∴ x = −1, y = 1
∴ The interpreting point of the number in Argand plane is (−1, 1)
∴ |z| = |x + iy| = √x 2 + y 2
= √(−1)2 + 12 = √2
∴ arg(z) = arg(x + iy)
y
= π − tan−1 | | [∵ y > 0; x < 0]
x
1 3π
= π − tan−1 |−1| = 4
(c) Similar to (b) of question no. 08
Ans: Center (−2, 0) and radius 5 units
12. Scenario-2: |z − 3| − |z + 3| = 4 [Din.B’22]
(c) Determine the equation of locus from scenario-2 when z = x + iy.
Solution

(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 05 Ans: ± (√−1 + √5 − √1 + √5 i)

13. f(x) = x − 2. [SB’19]
(c) If z = p + iq, then find the equation of the locus indicated by |f(z + 6)| + |f(z − 2)| = 10
Solution
q2 p2
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 05 Ans: 32
− 52 = 1 ; It implies the equation of a hyperbola.

14. z is a complex number [JB’19]

(c) Find the locus indicated by |2z + 3| = |3z + 1|.
Solution
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 05 Ans: 5x 2 + 5y 2 − 6x − 8 = 0
15. Stem: Let g(x) = 2x − 1, x ∈ ℝ is a term [CB’19]
(b) Find the center and radius of the locus of the equation |g(x) + 2iy| = t
Solution
1 3
(b) Similar to (b) of question no. 21 Ans: center (2 , 0) ; radius = 2
16. Scenario-2: |z − 5| = 3 [DB, SB, JB, Din.B’18]
(c) If z = x + iy then, what does the locus of Scenario-2 denote geometrically? Draw the figure.
Solution
(c) | z − 5| = 3 ⇒ |x + iy − 5| = 3 ⇒ √(x − 5)2 + y 2 = 3 ⇒ (x − 5)2 + y 2 = 32
So, the locus of Scenario-2 geometrically denotes a circle whose Centre is (5,0) & radius is 3 unit.

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