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MY LOVEY AND I REVIEWER FOR GEN MATH
Functions and Relations
Functions: A function is a relation where every input (x-value) corresponds to exactly one output (y-value). * Domain: The set of all input values. * Range: The set of all output values. Example: * Function: f(x) = 2x + 1 * Domain: All real numbers * Range: All real numbers Relations: A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y). A relation is a function if no two ordered pairs have the same x-value. Operations on Functions * Addition: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) * Subtraction: (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x) * Multiplication: (f * g)(x) = f(x) * g(x) * Division: (f / g)(x) = f(x) / g(x), where g(x) ≠ 0 Example: * f(x) = 3x + 2 * g(x) = x - 1 * (f + g)(x) = (3x + 2) + (x - 1) = 4x + 1 Inverse Functions The inverse of a function f is a function f^-1 such that f(f^-1(x)) = x and f^- 1(f(x)) = x. Example: * f(x) = 2x + 3 * f^-1(x) = (x - 3) / 2 Rational Functions A rational function is a function that can be written as a quotient of two polynomial functions. Example: * f(x) = (x + 1) / (x - 2) Polynomial Functions A polynomial function is a function of the form f(x) = a_nx^n + a_(n-1)x^(n-1) + ... + a_1x + a_0, where a_n, a_(n-1), ..., a_1, a_0 are constants and n is a non- negative integer. Example: * f(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 + 4 Exponential Functions An exponential function is a function of the form f(x) = a^x, where a is a positive real number. Example: * f(x) = 2^x Logarithmic Functions A logarithmic function is the inverse of an exponential function. Example: * f(x) = log_2(x) Trigonometric Functions Trigonometric functions are functions that relate the angles of a right triangle to its side lengths. * Sine: sin(θ) = opposite / hypotenuse * Cosine: cos(θ) = adjacent / hypotenuse * Tangent: tan(θ) = opposite / adjacent Example: * sin(30°) = 1/2