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Chem Investigatory

Chemistry project

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chandnilal632006
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28 views11 pages

Chem Investigatory

Chemistry project

Uploaded by

chandnilal632006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT

Topic:Contents of Cold drinks

CONTENTS

● Introduction
● Aim
● Theory
● Apparatus
● Chemicals required
● Detection of ph
● Test for Carbon dioxide
● Test for glucose
● Test for phosphate
● Test for alchohol
● Test for sucrose
● Result
● Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with launching
of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of companies.
Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly
profitable and luring, many multinational companies
launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke.

Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people


viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give feeling of
lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and
brain.

AIM
Comparitive Study and Qualitative Analysis of different
brands of Cold Drinks available in market.

THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of
alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions
etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and
have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon
dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking
the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water
to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the
tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring
organic compounds and are major source of energy to
our body.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are
classified as:- Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and
Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with
formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the ripen
grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily
life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and
also in flowers of many plants. The main source of
sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 %
sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and
fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their
acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The
pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.

APPARATUS
● Test Tubes
● Test Tube Holder
● Test Tube Stand
● Stop Watch
● Beaker
● Bunsen Burner
● pH Paper
● Tripod Stand
● China Dish
● Wire Gauge
● Water Bath
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
● Iodine solution
● Potassium iodine
● Sodium hydroxide
● Fehlings A and B solution
● Lime water
● Concentrated HNO3
● Benedict solution
● Ammonium molybdate

DETECTION OF pH
Experiment Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The
change in colour of pH paper was noticed and was
compared with standard pH scale.

Serial No. Name of Change in pH value


drinks colour
1. Coco-Cola Pink 1-2
2. Fanta Light green 2-3
3. Limca Pinkish 3-4
4. Sprite Orange 3

INFERENCE
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of
citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of
different brand are different due to the variation in
amount of acidic content.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the
samples were passed through lime water. The lime water
turned milky.

OBSERVATION

Serial No. Name of Time taken Conclusion


drinks
1. Coco-cola 26.5 CO2 is
present
2. Fanta 36 CO2 is
present
3. Limca 35 CO2 is
present
4. Sprite 21 CO2 is
present

INFERENCE

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water.


The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected
by the following test:-

1.BENEDICT’S SOLUTION TEST


Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken
in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent
were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds.
Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

Serial No. Name of Observations Conclusion


drinks
1. Coco-Cola Reddish Glucose
colour present
2. Fanta Reddish Glucose
colour present
3. Limca Reddish Glucose
colour present
4. Sprite Reddish Glucose
colour present

Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with
Benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken
in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and
Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount. The test
tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance
of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in
cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

Serial No. Name of Observations Conclusion


Drinks
1. Coco-Cola Reddish Glucose is
brown present
precipitate
2. fanta Reddish Glucose is
brown present
precipitate
3. Limca Reddish Glucose is
brown present
precipitate
4. Sprite Reddish Glucose is
brown present
precipitate

Inference
All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A
& B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken


in separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate
followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to
it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in
cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

Serial No. Name of Observations Conclusion


drinks
1. Coco-Cola Canary-yello Phosphate is
w precipitate present
2. Fanta Canary-yello Phosphate is
w precipitate present
3. Limca Canary-yello Phosphate is
w precipitate present
4. Sprite Canary-yello Phosphate is
w precipitate present

INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate
ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL


Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were
taken in separate test tubes and Iodine followed by
Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution
was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of
yellow coloured precipitate confirmed the presence of
alcohol in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

Serial No Name of Observation Conclusion


drinks
1. Coco-Cola Yellow Alcohol is
Precipitate present
2. Fanta Yellow Alcohol is
precipitate present
3. Limca Yellow Alcohol is
precipitate present
4. Sprite Yellow Alcohol is
precipitate present

INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain alcohol.

TEST FOR SUCROSE


5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until
changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the
presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION

Serial No. Name of Observations Conclusion


drinks
1. Coco-Cola Black Sucrose is
residue present
2. Fanta Black Sucrose is
residue present
3. Limca Black Sucrose is
residue present
4. Sprite Black Sucrose is
residue present

INFERENCE

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of


sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains
highest amount of sucrose.

RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
different brands of cold drinks namely: 1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta

● All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and


carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature.
● On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca
Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all
the four brands taken.

● Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite


has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide
and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved
carbon dioxide.

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