CHEMISTRY PROJECT

On
Cold Drinks Analysis

PROJECT PREPARED BY:

NAME:
STD:
ROLL.NO:
SCHOOL:
 AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
 PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that
they contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many
interest in knowing its contents because I have been
drinking them for years. I wanted to confirm that
whether the charge imposed on these brands are true
or not.

Another fact which inspired me to do this project is

that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose
knowledge with other factors helped me to do so.
 CONTENTS
I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Apparatus
IV. Chemicals required
V. Detection of PH
VI. Test For Carbon Dioxide
VII. Test For Glucose
VIII. Test For Phosphate
IX. Test For Alcohol
X. Test For Sucrose
XI. Result
XII. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of
companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi
and Coke.

Now days, it is observed in general that majority of

people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks
give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is
liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation
of froth on shaking the bottle.

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is C X
(H2O)Y

On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:

Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a

monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the
ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present
in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the
most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in
nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main
source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose
and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular
formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of
glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can
be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend
upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
Test Tube
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
CHEMICALS
REQUIRED
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodine
Sodium Hydroxide
Fehling’s A & B Solution
Lime Water
Concentrated HNO3
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
 DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and
put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was
compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION
NAME OF THE COLOUR
SR. NO. DRINK CHANGE pH VALUE

1 COCA COLA PINK 2.5-3

2 SPRITE RED 3
3 LIMCA PINKISH 4
4 FANTA LIGHT ORANGE 3-4

INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
 TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed through
lime water. The lime water turned milky.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN
NO. DRINK (SEC.) CONCLUSION

1 COCA COLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT

2 SPRITE 21 CO2 IS PRESENT
3 LIMCA 35 CO2 IS PRESENT
4 FANTA 36 CO2 IS PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible
for its tangy taste.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) -----------CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
 TEST FOR GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-

1. BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST:-

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and
a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for
few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in
cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
NO. DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS

1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS
2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS
4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and
a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in
equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
NO. DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS

1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO 3) was
added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
NO. THE DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the
cold drinks contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ----------(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
 TEST FOR ALCOHOL
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot
water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate
confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
NO. THE DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

CH3CH2OH + 4I2+ 6NaOH ------CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
 TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes
and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue left
confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
NO. THE DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

SUCROSE IS
1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT

SUCROSE IS
2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT

SUCROSE IS
3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT

SUCROSE IS
4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
cold drinks namely:

1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold
drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands
Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands
taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount
of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved
carbon dioxide.
 CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain
sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural
ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for
our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can
dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the
hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to
our body.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY BY-
Laxmi Publication
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my English teacher Mrs. Anagha
Deshpande ma’am as well as our principal Mrs.
Jyoti Shukla ma’am who gave me Such a great
opportunity to do this wonderful project, which
also helped me in doing a lot of research and I
come to know about so many new things. I am
really thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents &
classmates who helped me in finalizing this
project in limited time frame