1

10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

(1 X 4) + (1 X 7) = 11 Marks

@IMP FORMULAS, KEY CONCEPTS?

a bc
1) The semiperimeter of DABC is s Ÿ 2s a  b  c
2
abc abc
2.1) ' s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) 2.2) ' hence R
4R 4'
1 1 1 2
2.3) ' bcsin A ca sin B absin C 2.4. ' 2R sin Asin Bsin C
2 2 2
a b c
3) Sine rule: 2R Ÿ a 2R sin A, b 2R sin B, c 2R sin C

Q
sin A sin B sin C
4) Cosine rule: cos A
b2  c2  a 2
2bc
Ÿ a2 b 2  c 2  2bc cos A

T- A

E
c b
c2  a 2  b2
cos B Ÿ b2 c 2  a 2  2ac cos B

L
2ac

L
a b c 2 2 2 B a C
cos C Ÿ c 2 a 2  b 2  2ab cos C

U
2ab
5) Projection rule: a = bcosC + ccosB; b = ccosA + acosC; c = acosB + bcosA

6)
§ A  B· § a  b · C
Tangent rule: tan ¨
© 2
¸ ¨
¹ © a  b
¸ cot ; tan ¨
¹ 2 © 2B
§ BC· § b c · A
¸ ¨
¹ © b  c ¹ 2
§ CA· § ca · B
¸ cot ; tan ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ cot
© 2 ¹ ©ca ¹ 2

7)
A (s  b)(s  c) B
Y (s  c)(s  a) C (s  a)(s  b)

B
sin ; sin ; sin
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab

A
A s(s  a) B s(s  b) C s(s  c)
cos ; cos ; cos

B
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
A (s  b)(s  c) B (s  c)(s  a) C (s  a)(s  b)
t an ; tan ; tan
2 s(s  a) 2 s(s  b) 2 s(s  c)
A ' (s  b)(s  c) A s(s  a) '
+ tan
2 s(s  a) '
; cot
2 ' (s  b)(s  c)
' A B C A B C
8) r 4R sin
sin sin (s  a) tan (s  b) tan (s  c) tan
s 2 2 2 2 2 2
' A B C A C B
r1 4R sin cos cos s tan (s  b)cot (s  c)cot
sa 2 2 2 2 2 2
' A B C B A C
r2 4R cos sin cos s tan (s  c)cot (s  a)cot
sb 2 2 2 2 2 2
' A B C C B A
r3 4R cos cos sin s tan (s  a)cot (s  b)cot
sc 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
9) ' rs rr1r2 r3 10)  
r r1 r2 r3
 2

You know Pretty well about solrrng a Quadratrc Equatron ax2+bx+c=0, usrng Quadratrc rormula.
You know well about solrrng two lrnear equatrons, usrng rule or Cross Multrrlrcatron.
You know about solrrng three lrnear equatrons usrng Cramer's Rule, Matrrx Inrersron Method,...
Do you erer heard or solrrng a Trrangle?
A trrangle consrsts or 3 angles A, B, C and 3 orrosrte srdes a,b,c.
'SOLVING A TRIANGLE' rs the way or rrndrng the other 3 elements rrom the grren 3.
'SOLUTION' OF A 'TRIANGLE' IN FEW SASES
S.No. Given elements Remaining elements
2' 2' 2'
I. a, b, c Þ [A, B, C] sin A ; sin B ;sin C ;' s(s  a )(s  b)(s  c)
bc ca ab
b a sin C
II. a, b, A Þ [B, C, c] sin B sin A; C 180º (A  B); c
a sin A
a sin B a sin C
III. a, A, B Þ [C, b, c] C 180º (A  B); b ;c
sin A sin A
a a
IV. a, b, C = 90º Þ [A, B, c] tan A ; B 90º A; c
b sin A

ABC : Always Be Cheerful!

ABCD : AnnBndn Can Danne!!
ABCDE : A Banhelnr Can Dnminate Evernnne!!!
ABCDEFlllAlllBoyllCanlDolEverythinglFine!!!!
Wow! What a beautiful Pattern of 'Letter Bentences'.

Can we hahe huch a Beautiful Patterns whth the Elementh of a Trhangle?

Can we hahe a Trhangle whth 1,2,3,4,5,6 ah hth elementh?
Ofcourhe, heh! See Q.18/241 Page.
For that Trhangle, we hahe r = 1, r1 = 2, a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, r3 = 6 (What a Beauty!)

CertahnRhghtTrhangleh hahe Passion on Progressions.

Thehr elementh mahntahn A.P, G.P, H.P relathonh.
1 1 1
Sides a = 6, b = 8, c = 10 of a Triangle are in A.P & their in-radii r1 , r2 , r3 are in H.P
6 8 10