POLYNOMIALS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

a
ZEROES AND COEFFICIENT

+
POLYNOMIAL

y= bx F OF A POLYNOMIAL

E
f(x) = an xn + an–1 xn–1 +…..+ a1 x1 + a0 is called a
polynomial in variable x
TYPES OF
POLYNOMIAL
Where:
x=variable A
a=real numbers(a0 , a1 , a2 ,….. be constants (real numbers)
. If p(x) is a polynomial in x, and is k is any
real number, then the value obtained by
replacing x by k in p(x), is called the value of
n=whole numbers p(x) at x = k, and is denoted by p(k).
. A real number k is said to be a zero of a

D
3
polynomial p(x), if p(k) = 0

Based on Degree Based on Number

B
= C
of Polynomial of Terms GRAPH OF

y
POLYNOMIAL

+
Name of the Form of the
Zeroes of Linear

x
Degree
polynomial polynomial
MONOMIAL Polynomial
Cannot
Zero When all the Geometrical Geometrical
polynomial coefficients . A polynomial with just one . If k is a zero of p(x) = ax + b, then
defined
are equal to
Representation Representation
terms. p(k) = ak + b = O,
zero Eg : 9x, 6x2 of a Quadratic of a Linear b
i.e, k = - So, the zero of the linear
f(x) = 0. We Polynomial Polynomial a
can write it
polynomial ax + b
as: . Graph of a Quadratic polynomial . Graph of a linear polynomial
. f(x) = 0x0 b Constant term

A
p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open p(x) = ax + b is a straight line. It cuts the is = - = -
. f(x) = 0x1 a Coefficient of x
. f(x) = 0x2 upwards, If a > 0 x-axis at exactly one point.
BINOMIAL Eg : y = x2 + 3x + 1 . In the p(x) = ax + b for degree 1, a
Constant f(x) = a, a is
0 represent the slope of a line, the
polynomial a constant . A polynomial with two constant b represents y - intercept of a
25
Linear f(x) = ax + b, terms. line.
1 ( 20
Eg : y = 2x + 3 Zeroes of the Quadratic
(
polynomial a≠0 4
Eg : = x2 + 6x, 7x + 9
Quadratic
9 15 Here, a = 2 and b = 3 Polynomial
2 f(x) = ax2 +
10
polynomial bx + c,a ≠ 0 20 . If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic
5
f(x) = ax +3 15 polynomial p (x) =ax2 + bx +c, a ≠ 0 then.
Cubic
3 bx2 + cx + d, -4 -2 2 4 10 b Coefficient of x
polynomial Sum of Zeroes = α + β = - = -
a≠0 a Coefficient of x2
TRINOMIAL . Graph of a Quadratic polynomial 5
c Constant term
Biquadratic f(x) = ax4 + p(x) = ax + bx + c is a parabola open
2
Product of Zeroes = αβ = =
4 bx3 + cx2 + dx -5 5 a Coefficient of x2
polynomial . A polynomial with three terms. downwards, If a < 0
+ e, a ≠ 0 -5
Eg : 6x4 + x + 6 Eg : y = x2 + 3x + 1
-10
-15
-4 -2 2 4 6
-5 Note : All constant function are linear
Zeroes of Cubic
NOTES -10 function
Polynomial
-15
. If α,β and γ are the Zeros of a cubic polynomial f(x). Then, the
-20 . If α, β, y are the zeroes of the cubic
polynomial f(x) is given by
-25 polynomial
ax2 + bx2 + cx + d, then.
f(X) = k(x - α)(x + β)(x + γ)
or f(X) = k{x3 - (α + β + γ) x2 +(αβ + βγ + γα)x -αβγ}, Note : A polynomial p(x) of degree n Division Algorithm α + β+ y = - = -
b Coefficient of x2
has at most n zeroes a Coefficient of x3
where “k” is any non- zero real number.
c Coefficient of x
αβ + β y + αy = =
. If α and β are the Zeros of a quadratic polynomial f(x). Then, the a Coefficient of x3
If f(x) Is divided by g(x) where g(x) = 0; then f(x)
d - Constant term
polynomial f(x) is given by can be written as f(x) = g(x), q(x) + r(x) where αβy = - =
a Coefficient of x3
r(x) is the remainder and degree of r(x) <
f(X) = k{x2 - (α + β) x + αβ} degree of g(x)
or f(X) = k{x2 - (Sum of the zeros) x + Product of the zeros}