Understanding Heat and Temperature Science 8 Q1
Understanding Heat and Temperature Science 8 Q1
Objectives
Define heat
Define temperature
Differentiate between heat and temperature at the molecular level
Explain the effects of heat on the body
Relate heat to mass and temperature through the concept of specific heat
capacity
Calculate the heat absorbed or released to raise or decrease the temperature of
a substance
Definition of Heat
Heat refers to the process by which energy is transferred between objects because
of the difference in their temperatures. It tends to move from an object at a higher
temperature to an object at a lower temperature.
Definition of Temperature
Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a
substance. It can be measured in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.
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State of
Description Temperature
Matter
Atoms and molecules are in fixed positions, vibrating back and forth,
Solid Low
with strong bonds between them.
Atoms and molecules are close together, can move past each other,
Liquid Medium
with weak bonds between them.
Atoms and molecules are far apart, can move past each other, with
Gas High
almost no bonds between them.
Example: When heating water and oil in separate pans, the oil will boil first because it has a
lower specific heat capacity than water.
Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object or substance
by 1 degree Celsius. It is dependent on the mass of the object.
Sample Problem
Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 0°C to 10°C. The
water has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/g°C.
Given Value
Mass 1g
Specific Heat Capacity 4.18 J/g°C
Initial Temperature 0°C
Final Temperature 10°C
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Solution:
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