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Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Ch08: 1 Reynolds Decomposition

Reynolds decomposition

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45 views2 pages

Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Ch08: 1 Reynolds Decomposition

Reynolds decomposition

Uploaded by

Ashitkrnath
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics

Ch08

September 26, 2024

1 Reynolds decomposition
Answer: Reynolds decomposition is a technique used in fluid dynamics to analyze and understand the behavior
of turbulent flows.In fluid dynamics, a flow is considered turbulent when it exhibits chaotic and irregular motion.
Turbulent flows are characterized by fluctuations in velocity, pressure, and other flow properties. Reynolds decom-
position provides a framework to separate these fluctuations from the mean flow and analyze them separately.The
Reynolds decomposition breaks down a flow variable into two components: the mean or time-averaged value and the
fluctuating or turbulent component. Mathematically, for any flow variable, such as velocity (u) as follows:

Variable = Mean + Fluctuation

Figure 1: Velocity measurement in Turbulent Flow

For example, the instantaneous velocity (u) at a particular point in a flow can be expressed as:
u = ū + u’
where V represents the mean velocity and u’ represents the fluctuating component of velocity.
The mean component is obtained by averaging the instantaneous value of the variable over time or space, while the
fluctuating component represents the deviations from the mean. The mean component is often denoted by an over
line, such as ū, while the fluctuating component is denoted by a prime, such as u’.

2 Averaged governing eq. (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes eq.)


Answer: RANS stands for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. It is a mathematical approach used in
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model turbulent flows. The Navier-Stokes equations describe the fundamental
principles governing fluid flow and can be used to simulate both laminar and turbulent flows. However, directly solving
the unsteady, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent flows is computationally expensive and often
impractical. Therefore, RANS provides a practical compromise by averaging the Navier-Stokes equations over time
(or ensemble averaging) to eliminate the unsteady terms.
The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are obtained by applying Reynolds decomposition to the Navier-
Stokes equations. This results in equations that consist of mean flow variables and additional terms related to the
turbulent fluctuations. The RANS equations are typically solved numerically using computational methods to obtain
a solution for the mean flow variables.
The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations can be written as follows:
Continuity equation:
∂(ρu) ∂(ρv) ∂(ρw)
+ + =0
∂x ∂y ∂z

1
x-Momentum equation:

∂(ρu2 ) ∂(ρuv) ∂(ρuw)


  
∂p ∂ ∂u ∂u ∂ ∂ ∂
+ + =− + µ + − ρu′ u′ − ρu′ v ′ − ρu′ w′ + ρgx
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂z

y-Momentum equation:

∂(ρuv) ∂(ρv 2 ) ∂(ρvw)


  
∂p ∂ ∂v ∂v ∂ ′ ′ ∂ ′ ′ ∂ ′ ′
+ + =− + µ + − ρv u − ρv v − ρv w + ρgy
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂y ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂z

z-Momentum equation:

∂(ρuw) ∂(ρvw) ∂(ρw2 )


  
∂p ∂ ∂w ∂w ∂ ∂ ∂
+ + =− + µ + − ρw′ u′ − ρw′ v ′ − ρw′ w′ + ρgz
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂z

Here, ρ denotes the mean density of the fluid, (u, v, w) represents the mean velocity components in the x, y,
and z directions, respectively, p represents the mean pressure, µ represents the mean dynamic viscosity, and u′ u′ ,
u′ v ′ , u′ w′ , v ′ u′ , v ′ v ′ , v ′ w′ , w′ u′ , w′ v ′ , w′ w′ represent the Reynolds stress terms in terms of the fluctuating velocity
component u′ .

3 Eddy viscosity model (zero equation)


Answer: The eddy viscosity model, also known as the zero equation turbulence model, is a simplified approach to
modeling turbulence in fluid flow. In this model, the turbulent viscosity, denoted as µt , is assumed to be directly
proportional to the mean velocity gradient.
The turbulent viscosity µt can be expressed as:

2 dU
µt = ρ · lm ·
dy
dU
where µt represents the turbulent viscosity, ρ is the density of the fluid, lm is the mixing length, and dy denotes the
velocity gradient with respect to the y coordinate.
The mixing length lm can be expressed as:
lm = κ · y
where lm represents the mixing length, κ is Karman’s constant (approximately 0.41), and y is the distance from the
wall or reference point in the flow.

4 Eddy viscosity model (two equation: k-ϵ model)


Answer: The two-equation eddy viscosity model, also known as the k-ϵ model, is a popular turbulence model used
in computational fluid dynamics. It consists of two transport equations, one for the turbulent kinetic energy (k) and
another for the turbulence dissipation rate (ϵ).
The k-ϵ model equations are given as follows:
Equation for turbulent kinetic energy (k):
  
∂(ρk) ∂(ρui k) ∂ µt ∂k dui
+ = µ+ − ρε + ρgi + Fk
∂t ∂xi ∂xj σk ∂xj dxi

Equation for turbulence dissipation rate (ϵ):

ε2
  
∂(ρε) ∂(ρui ε) ∂ µt ∂ε ε ∂k ∂ε
+ = µ+ + C1 − C2 ρ + Fε
∂t ∂xi ∂xj σε ∂xj k ∂xj ∂xj k

In these equations, ρ represents the density of the fluid, ui represents the velocity components in the xi direction,
µ is the dynamic viscosity, µt is the eddy viscosity, σk and σε are model constants, gi represents the components of
gravitational acceleration, and Fk and Fε denote additional source terms. C1 and C2 are constants specific to the
k-ϵ model.
These equations describe the evolution of turbulent kinetic energy (k) and turbulence dissipation rate (ϵ) within
the flow domain, accounting for turbulent production, dissipation, and transport. The eddy viscosity µt is determined
based on the k-ϵ model equations and is related to the turbulent quantities.

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