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5 - Transformation of Functions (Lecture)

AS Level maths

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views5 pages

5 - Transformation of Functions (Lecture)

AS Level maths

Uploaded by

mmhamzah0513
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformation of Functions (lecture)

Translation
 Vertical translation
o The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑘 is an upward vertical
translation of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) by 𝑘 units.
0
Upward translation of the graph by the vector ( ).
𝑘
(𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑘)
o The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑘 is a downward vertical
translation of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) by 𝑘 units.
0
Downward translation of the graph by the vector ( ).
−𝑘
(𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (𝑎, 𝑏 − 𝑘)
 Horizontal translation
o The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑘) is a leftward horizontal
translation of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) by 𝑘 units.
−𝑘
Leftward translation of the graph by the vector ( ).
0
(𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (𝑎 − 𝑘, 𝑏)
o The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑘) is a rightward horizontal
translation of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) by 𝑘 units.
𝑘
Rightward translation of the graph by the vector ( ).
0
(𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (𝑎 + 𝑘, 𝑏)
 When a vertical and a horizontal translation is combined, the
order in which they are applied does not affect the outcome.

Q1. The diagram shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Sketch the graphs of each
of the following functions.
a. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 4
b. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
c. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)

Sherry
d. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)
e. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) − 2
f. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) − 3

Q2. Find the translation vector that transforms the graph.


a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2 to the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 to the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4
6 6
c. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + to the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 +
𝑥 𝑥+3
d. 𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 5 to the graph 𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 3
5 5
e. 𝑦 = − 3𝑥 to the graph 𝑦 = (𝑥−2)2 − 3𝑥 + 10
𝑥2

1
Q3. The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 is translated by the vector ( ). Find, in
2
2
the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 , the equation of the resulting graph.
2
Q4. The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is translated by the vector ( ). The
−5
2
resulting graph is 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 10 . Fine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐.

WORKSHEET 1

Reflection
 The graph of 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥) is a reflection of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥-axis.
o Points on the 𝑥-axis (mirror line) undergo no
transformation. They are invariant points.
o (𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (𝑎, −𝑏)
 The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥) is a reflection of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑦-axis.

Sherry
o Points on the 𝑦-axis (mirror line) undergo no
transformation. They are invariant points.
o (𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (−𝑎, 𝑏)

Q5. Find the equation of each graph after the given transformation.
a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 10
b. 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 5
Q6. Describe the transformation that maps the graph:
a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 4 onto the graph 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4
b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 4 onto the graph 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 4

Stretch
 The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑓(𝑥) is a stretch of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
parallel to 𝑦-axis with stretch factor 𝑘.
o (𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ (𝑎, 𝑘𝑏)
 The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑘𝑥) is a stretch of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
1
parallel to 𝑥-axis with stretch factor .
𝑘
𝑎
o (𝑎, 𝑏) ⟼ ( , 𝑏)
𝑘

Q7. The diagram shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Sketch the graphs of each
of the following functions.
a. 𝑦 = 3𝑓(𝑥)
1
b. 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
2
c. 𝑦 = −2𝑓(𝑥)
d. 𝑦 = 𝑓(2𝑥)
𝑥
e. 𝑦 = 𝑓(− )
2

Sherry
Q8. Find the equation of each graph after the given transformation.
a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3 after a stretch parallel to 𝑦-axis with stretch factor 3.
b. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 5 after stretch parallel to 𝑥-axis, stretch factor 2.
1
c. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 after a stretch parallel to 𝑥-axis, with stretch factor .
3

Q9. Describe the single transformation that maps the graph:


a. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 onto the graph 𝑦 = −8𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 2 onto the graph 𝑦 = 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 + 6

WORKSHEET 2

Combinations of transformations
 Vertical transformations
o 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) ± 𝑘 ; vertical translation by 𝑘 units
o 𝑦 = −𝑓 (𝑥 ) ; reflection in the 𝑥-axis
o 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑓(𝑥 ) ; vertical stretch by scale factor 𝑘
 Horizontal transformations
o 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ± 𝑘) ; horizontal translation by 𝑘 units
o 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥 ) ; reflection in the 𝑦-axis
1
o 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑘𝑥 ) ; horizontal stretch by scale factor
𝑘
 When a vertical and a horizontal transformation are
combined, the order of application does not affect the
outcome.
 When two vertical or two horizontal transformations are
combined, the order of application may affect the outcome.

Q10. The diagram shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥). Sketch the graph of each
of the following.
a. 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥 + 2) + 3
b. 𝑦 = 2𝑔(𝑥) + 1

Sherry
c. 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑔(𝑥)
d. 𝑦 = 2𝑔(−𝑥) + 1
e. 𝑦 = −2𝑔(𝑥) − 1
f. 𝑦 = 𝑔(2𝑥) + 3
g. 𝑦 = 𝑔(2𝑥 − 6)
h. 𝑦 = 𝑔(−𝑥 + 1)

Q11. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 , write down the equation of the image of 𝑓(𝑥)
after:
0
a. Reflection in the 𝑥-axis, followed by translation ( ) , followed by
3
1
translation ( ) , followed by stretch parallel to 𝑥-axis with stretch
0
factor 2
0
b. Translation ( ) , followed by stretch parallel to 𝑥-axis with stretch
3
factor 2, followed by a reflection in the 𝑥-axis, followed by translation
1
( ).
0
Q12. (N21/12/Q2)

WORKSHEET 3
PAST PAPERS

Sherry

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