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Electric Buzzer Without Introduction

introduction

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36 views11 pages

Electric Buzzer Without Introduction

introduction

Uploaded by

shifat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

It is a type of electrical circuit and to be referred to as electronic, rather


than electrical, generally at least one active component must be present.
The combination of components and wires allows various simple and
complex operations to be performed: signals can be amplified,
computations can be performed, and data can be moved from one place
to another. Circuits can be constructed of discrete components connected
by individual pieces of wire, but today it is much more common to
create interconnections by photolithographic techniques on a laminated
substrat (a printed circuit board or PCB) and solder the components to
these interconnections to create a finished circuit. In an integrated circuit
or IC, the components and interconnections are formed on the same
substrate, typically a semiconductor such as doped silicon or (less
commonly) gallium arsenide. An electronic circuit can usually be
categorized as an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a mixed-signal
circuit (a combination of analog circuits and digital. circuits). The most
widely used semiconductor device in electronic circuits is the MOSFET
(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor). In a series circuit,
the same current passes through a series of components. A string of
Christmas lights is a good example of a series circuit: if one goes out,
they all do. In a parallel circuit, all the components are connected to the
same voltage, and the current divides between the various components
according to their resistance.

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COMPONENTS &
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

● Buzzer:

A buzzer is an audio signaling device, which


may be mechanical, electrochemical or
piezoelectric. They are mostly used in fire
alarms, timers, trains and confirmation of user
input such as a mouse click or keyboard.

● Switch:

It is an electric device that is used to complete or break an


electric circuit. If the switch is ‘ON’, then a current can flow
through the circuit and if the switch is ‘OFF’, then the current
cannot flow through the circuit.

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● 10K resistor :

It is used to lower the flow of current, divide


voltages, block transmission signals and bias
active elements.

To determine the value of a given resistor look for


the gold or silver tolerance and rotate the resistor.

● Wire :

It is a flexible strand of metal, usually


cylindrical. It is used to establish electrical
conductivity between two devices of an
electrical circuit. They possess negligible
resistance to the passage of the current

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● Battery cap :

It is a device that stores chemical energy energy


and converts it to electrical energy.

● Battery (9V) :

It is an electric battery that supplies a nominal voltage of 9


volts.

● Breadboard :
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Because
the solder less breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable.

4
● LDR (light dependent resistor):
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as the name states is a special type of
resistor that works on the photoconductivity principle means that
resistance changes according to the intensity of light. Its resistance
decreases with an increase in the intensity of light.

● Transistor :
Transistors are a type of bipolar transistor with three layers that are
used for signal amplification. It is a device that is controlled by the
current. It is divided into three sections: emitter, base, and collector.

5
PRINCIPLE
There are ways of measuring electrical quantities. One of these is coulombs per
second, a measure of the flow of electrons through a metal conductor or wire.
Current of one coulomb per second equals one ampere. Even materials that
conduct electricity resist the flow of electrons. The unit of electrical resistance is
ohm. The pressure needed to make one coulomb per second (one ampere) flow
through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm is one volt.

Ohm's Law explains the relationships between voltage (E), resistance (R), and
current (I).

In two circuits of equal voltage, the current will be proportionately greater in the
circuit of lower resistance. In circuits of equal resistance, the current flowing will
be directly proportional to the voltage applied. Current is directly proportional to
voltage, inversely proportional to resistance.

I (Amperes) = E (Volts)/R (Ohms)

Also: E = IR or R = E/I

One of the most common electrical measurements you’ll use is the watt, a unit
of electrical power:

W (Watts) = E (Volts) x I (Amperes).

The quantity of electric charge is measured in coulombs.

6
WORKING

Electric circuit, path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit


includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting
the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that use current,
such as lamps, electric motors, or computers; and the connecting wires
or transmission lines. No current is 'used up' in this process. In most
circuits, the moving charged particles are negatively charged electrons
that are always present in the wires and other components of the circuit.

7
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:
We know that the series circuits do not get heated easily.
Therefore, any dry or flammable object placed near the series
circuit will not catch the fire in case of overheating of the circuit.

Disadvantages:

We know that in the series circuit, all the appliances are


connected one after another. In case if there is any fault break at
one of the appliances, the appliances connected after that will be
cut off from the supply.

8
PRECAUTIONS

● Power Off. Make sure the power is off at the breaker before you
start and use a voltage tester to verify that.

● Be Careful What You Touch.


● Use The Right Tools.
● Buy The Right Parts.
● Include A Junction Box.
● Replace Old Wiring That Shows Signs Of Deterioration or Fraying.

● Fix Fuse and Breaker Problems.


● Don't Overload

9
CONCLUSION

If you know how to do an electric circuit you know how to do different


things like how to use a multimeter and what is a transistor or a capacitor
etc. And after you do some circuits you are going to start how to do the
circuits very fast and will be much easier. Good equipments should be
used such as the resistors, connecting wires, voltage supply and
multitester. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the
charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a
generator; devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or
computers; and the connecting wires or transmission devices in a circuit
are connected to one another by means of electrical conductors, or wires.
These wires can move electric currents between various points in a
circuit. Once a wire connects two or more devices, the wire and all
attached device connectors are said to form a single circuit.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

10
 Wikipedia.com
 Youtube.com
 Vendatu.com
 NCERT

11

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