SLABS SOLID SLAB

DESIGN OF SLAB
BY
ENG. KAID AHMD ALI KAID
TEL:733843999
GENERAL :-
This chapter deals with the analysis and design of one of the structural
elements in the building structures, which are slabs.
Slabs are plate element forming floor and roof in building, slabs may
be simply supported or continuous over one or more supports which
normally carry a uniform distributed loads, may supported on
monolithic concrete beams, steel beams, walls or directly by the
structure's columns. Slabs can take many forms such as :-
1. Solid of uniform thickness ( one or two way ).
2. Ribbed with ribs running uniform in one or two direction.
3. Flat slab.
In our project we have two type of slab :-
 Ribbed slab.
 Solid slab
SOLID SLAB:-
The solid slab system is provided in this project from the first floor until
fifth floor, bath rooms ( drop slab) and stair case of the building structure.
Solid slabs are design according to their shape and size of the panel and
their support conditions for different loads acting on them.
This may be designed as one or two way slab.
Depending upon the aspect ratio ( ).If is greater than 2.0 the slab is
designed as one way slab, and if it is less than or equal to 2.0, then the
slab is designed as two way.
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

For computation of moment of two way-spanning slabs along both

directions, the code BS 8110 gives the following equations:
Msx = βx n L2x
Msy = βy n L2x
Where :
Msx and Msy are maximum moments at unity in breadth of spanning
Lx and Ly respectively.
n : total ultimate design load per unit area.
Lx : length of short side.
Ly : length of long side.
βsx and βsy are coefficients given in table ( 3.14) of BS 8110 : part 1; that
vary with ratio of ( ).and respectively edge condition.
One way slabs carry predominantly uniform load are designed on the
assumption that consist of a series of rectangular beams 1 m wide
spanning between support beams.
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

FLOOR SOLID SLABS :-

Preliminary design of slab:-
The critical slabs for preliminary design is selected from the
structural layout shown in Fig(2.2.4) taken into account the following :
i. Size of the slab ( Lx and Ly ) .
ii. Support conditions .
iii. Intensity of loads .

However ,it is evident from the figure that slab s9 is the critical one .

dmin = ( ). let M.F.T = 1.75

= = 103.297 mm

H = Effective depth + cover +

=103.297 + 20+ = 128.297 mm

H = 130 mm

dmax = dx = 130 – 20 – = 105 mm.

dmin = dy = 130 – 20 – 10 – = 95 mm.

Fig. (2.1 ) Critical slab

.
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

Computation of loads:-

 Dead load due to self weight = 0.13 24 = 3.12 kN/m2

Dead load due to finishing:
- cement plaster = 0.015 16.5 = 0.2475 kN/m2
- sand layer = 0.05 18 = 0.9kN/m2
- cement mortar = 0.03 16.5 = 0.495 kN/m2
- tiles = 0.01 27.5 = 0.275 kN/m2
 total finishing = 5.0375 kN/m2

partition wall :-
weight of hollow concrete block wall. 200mm thick =2.6 kN /m2

- weight of partition wall = 2.8  2.6  2.427 kN/m2

3

 total dead load without partition wall = 5.0375kN/m2

 Live load = 2kN/m2
 Designed load
 (design load) n = 1.4 [5.0375] + 1.6 [2] = 10.253 KN/m2
 (design load) n = 10.253 KN/m2 1m = 10.253kN/m.(width)
 Total dead load in 20 cm drop bathroom :
( wt. of 20 cm sand =0.2 18=3.6 kN/m2)
= 5.0375+3.6= 8.6375 kN/m2
 Live load = 2kN/m2
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

 (design load) n'' = 1.4 [8.6375] + 1.6 [2] =15.3 kN/m2

10 mm ceramic tiles
30 mm cement mortar
50 mm sand layer
130 mm solid slab
15 mm Plastring

 (design load) n'' =15.3 kN/m2 1m = 15.3kN/m.(width)

Fig. (2.2 ) Typical Section of solid slab & it’s finishing’s

.
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

Fig. (2.3 ) Typical Section of Drop solid slab & it’s finishing’s
.

Moments in tow way slab (S9):-

It has one short edge discontinuous and three continuous edges

= = 1. 0213< 2 (tow way)

Coefficients:-
Short span:
βx = 0.059
+βx = 0.044
Long span :
βy = 0.00

10 mm ceramic tiles
30 mm cement mortar
250 mm sand layer
5 mm water insolator
130 mm solid slab
15 mm Plastring

+βy = 0.044
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

Moments :- Md = β n L2x
Fig.(2.4) Coefficients of Critical slab
.
Short span :
-Msx = 0.059 10.253 4.72 = 13.363kN.m
+Msx = 0.044 10.253 4.72 = 9.97 kN.m
Long span :
-Msy = 0 kN.m
+Msy = 0.044 10.253 4.72 = 9.97 kN.m
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

         
16.4
1.2 2.7 .8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 .8 3.9

 
1.6

1.6
4 1
 16 15 
3.7 3.7
20
2.1

2.1
5

5
17
 
2.3

2.3
3 2
1.5

1.5
 
2.5 3.7
3.1

3.1
3.3

3.3
4.1 4.1
8
15.4

15.4
5
5.2

5.2

 
14 13
2.1

2.1
1.9

2.1 7 6 2.5
 

4.5 4.5
3.3 3.3
4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.8

12 11 10 9
 
19 18

1.2 2.7 .8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 .8 3.9

16.4
         

Fig. (2.5 ) Structural Layout Of Repeated Floor

.
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

         
16.4
1.2 2.7 .8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 .8 3.9

 
1.6

1.6
+0.056

+0.056
 
+0.074 +0.053

-0.063
+0.044

+0.034
+0.062 +0.062

FL
2.1

2.1
+0.063
FL

-0.071 -0.032 -0.032 -0.071

-0.063

 
+0.044

+0.044
FL

-0.071 0.000

-0.045
-0.045 -0.058

-0.037 -0.059

-0.037 -0.059
1.5

1.5
+0.024 -0.032 -0.032 +0.024

 

-0.062

+0.046
-0.065 -0.063 -0.063 -0.063 -0.063 -0.045
3.3

3.3
+0.034

+0.034
15.4

15.4
+0.048 +0.048
+0.048
+0.028

+0.028

 
+0.080
+0.065
2.1

2.1
-0.037

-0.037

+0.056 +0.056

 
-0.032

-0.032

-0.059 -0.049 -0.049 -0.049 -0.049 -0.059

4.8

4.8

+0.044 +0.037 +0.037 +0.044

+0.044

+0.024

+0.024

+0.044
-0.032

-0.032

 
0.000
0.000

1.2 2.7 .8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 .8 3.9

16.4
         

Fig. (2.6 ) Moments Coefficient Of Slabs

.
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

       
16.4
1.2 2.7 .8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 .8 3.9

 
1.6

1.6
8 4

+11.47 9 9 +8.22

+2.5

+2.5
-6.31
+2.79 +2.79
+6.86

+5.31
2.1

2.1
+6.31
-6.31

-11.02 -2.05 -2.05 -11.02

 -11.02 0.000

+2.8

+2.8
1.5

1.5
-7.02
-2.05 -2.05
-9.05

-3.75

-3.75

+1.54 +1.54

 
-3.37

-7.01

-7.01

-6.92

+5.14
-4.83 -11.34 -11.34 -5.02
-11.34 -11.34
3.3

3.3
+2.54

4 +3.8
15.4

15.4
+8.48 +8.48
+3.60 4
+5.31

+5.31

 
+3.652

9 9
+4.53
2.1

2.1
3 3
-7.01

-7.01

+3.16 +3.16

 
-4.02

-4.02

-13.33 -6.14 -6.14 -6.14 -6.14 -13.33

4.8

4.8

+10.00 +4.62 +4.62 +10.00

+9.97

+3.02

+3.02

+9.97
-4.02

-4.02

7 1 1 7
 
0.000
0.000

1.2 2.7 .8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 .8 3.9

16.4
         

Fig. (2.7) Bending Moments Before Balance

.

Balancing:-
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

Bending moments in slabs have been worked out using

appropriate moment coefficients for each slab independently based on
edge condition. As a result of that it was observed that the moments at
common edges are not equal, but this is not possible in practice and the
moments at common edges should be equal. The method of moment
balancing is worked out for unbalanced moments.

-13.33 -13.33

-6.14 -6.14 -6.14 -6.14

+10.00 +4.62 +4.62

+10.00

4,7 3,5 3,5 4,7

A)
-10.26 -10.26
-6.14

+4.62 +4.62
+11.53 +11.53

4,7 3,5 3,5 4,7

B)

Fig. (2.8 )(A) Bending Moments Before Balance & (B) After Balance
.

Balancing B.M at supports:-

 SLABS SOLID SLAB

MBC – MBA= 13.33 – 6.14 = 7.19 kN.m

K B A
KB =
KB_ A  KB_C

Where: KBA = Stiffness of slab (S11) =

= =0.2127

KB-C = Stiffness of slab (S10) =

= =0.286

0.2127
D.F. BA =  0.4265
0.2127  .286

0.286
D.F. BC =  0.5735
0.2127  .286

Balancing negative moment at support:-

-MB =(( MBC - MBA ) D.FB-A) + MBA
= ( (13.33 - 6.14) 0.4265) + 6.14 = 10.26 kN.m

2.2.3.1.3. 2 Balancing (+M) at mid span of (S9):-

+M= 10 +[ ] = 11.535 kN.m

 SLABS SOLID SLAB

Fig.(2.9)Bending Moment After Balance

         
16.4
1.2 2.7 0.8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 0.8 3.9

 
1.9 4 1 1.9
+13.82 16 15 +10.57
+2.5

+2.5
 

-6.31
+2.79 +2.79
+7.78

+5.33
20
+6.31

1.8
3.7 17
-6.31

-6.32 -6.32 -6.32 -6.32

 3 2 -12.75 -12.75

+2.8

+2.8

-6.98
-2.05 -2.05
-6.84

-4.77

-4.77

1.5 +1.54 +1.54 1.5

 
-6.84

-4.77

-4.77

-6.98

+5.14
-7.34 -7.34 -8.03 -8.03
-11.34 -11.34
3.3 3.3
+2.54

8 +3.8
+10.48 +10.14
15.4 +3.60 5 15.4
+7.22

+7.22

 
13
+3.652

14
+4.53

2.1 2.1
-5.43

-5.43

+3.16 +3.16
7 6
 
-5.43

-5.43

-10.26 -10.26 -6.14 -6.14 -10.26 -10.26

4.8 +11.53 +4.62 +4.62 +11.53 4.8

+9.97

+3.02

+3.02

+9.97
-12.75 -12.75

-12.75 -12.75

12 11 10 9
 
19 18

1.2 2.7 0.8 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.1 0.8 3.9

16.4

         
 SLABS SOLID SLAB

Designing:
We have taken mid span moment of slab (1) in short span :
Md = 11.535 kN.m
Total depth = h =130 mm
Effective depth ( in short direction ) :

dmax = 130 – 20 – = 105 mm

Effective depth ( in long direction ) :

dmin = 130 – 20 – – 10 = 95 mm

Moment of resistance :
Mur = 0.156 * fcu * b * d2
= 0.156 * 20 1000 1052 10-6 = 34.3 kN.m
Mur = 34.3 > Md = 11.535 kN.m
That means all slabs are singly reinforcement

= = 1.046

Fy = 250 N/mm2
From design table for singly reinforced sections:
Astreq = 493.3 mm2
Minimum area of steel :

= = = 312 mm2 < Astreq

So provided area of steel is Φ 10 mm @ 150 mm c /c ( 523 mm2 )

Check for deflection:-

 SLABS SOLID SLAB

= = 94.151 mm < 105mm

The slab is satisfactory with respect to deflection

 Deflection is satisfied

Check for shear:-

No need, because the thickness of slab equal to 130 mm which is less than
200 mm.

Check for cracking:-

The cracking in slabs can be avoiding by controlling the spacing
between bars, where the maximum spacing should not be greater than
three times the effective height.
3 d=3 105 = 315 mm > 250 mm
So check for cracking is satisfied.

Table (2.1) Reinforcement of Solid Slabs

Specifications for all slabs
 SLABS SOLID SLAB
fcu = 20 N/mm² , fy = 250 N/mm²

Design h d Ast
Slab M/bd² Ast req Ast min
no.
Direction moment (mm) (mm) prov spacing of bar
(kN.m) (mm) (mm) N/mm² mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
S1 Short supp -ve 12.75 130 105 1.156 549.5 312 628 10@125mm c/c
mid +ve 10.57 130 105 0.959 449.4 312 523 10@150mm c/c
supp -ve 6.32 130 105 0.573 266.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 5.33 130 95 0.591 248.7 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 6.98 130 105 0.633 294.6 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S2 Short supp -ve 6.32 130 105 0.573 266.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.8 130 105 0.254 118.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 4.77 130 105 0.433 201.3 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 6.32 130 105 0.573 266.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 1.54 130 95 0.171 71.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 2.05 130 105 0.186 86.5 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S3 Short supp -ve 6.32 130 105 0.573 266.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.8 130 105 0.254 118.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 4.77 130 105 0.433 201.3 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 6.32 130 105 0.573 266.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 1.54 130 95 0.171 71.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 2.05 130 105 0.186 86.5 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S4 Short supp -ve 6.32 130 105 0.573 266.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 13.82 130 105 1.254 599.7 312 628 10@125mm c/c
supp -ve 10.3 130 105 0.934 437.2 312 449 10@175mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 7.78 130 95 0.862 363.3 312 393 10@200mm c/c
supp -ve 6.84 130 105 0.620 288.7 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S5 Short supp -ve 6.98 130 105 0.633 294.6 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 5.14 130 105 0.466 217 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 3.8 130 95 0.421 177.3 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 8.03 130 105 0.728 339 312 349 10@225mm c/c
S6 Short supp -ve 8.03 130 105 0.728 339 312 349 10@225mm c/c
mid +ve 10.14 130 105 0.920 430 312 449 10@200mm c/c
supp -ve 11.34 130 105 1.029 484.4 312 523 10@150mm c/c
Long supp -ve 4.77 130 105 0.433 201.3 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 7.22 130 95 0.8 336.8 312 349 10@225mm c/c
supp -ve 5.43 130 105 0.439 229.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c

Table (2.2) Reinforcement of Solid Slabs

Specifications for all slabs
 SLABS SOLID SLAB
fcu = 20 N/mm² , fy = 250 N/mm²

Design h d Ast
Slab M/bd² Ast req Ast min
no.
Direction moment (mm) (mm) prov spacing of bar
(kN.m) (mm) (mm) N/mm² mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
S7 Short supp -ve 11.34 130 105 1.029 484.4 312 523 10@150mm c/c
mid +ve 10.48 130 105 0.951 445.3 312 449 10@175mm c/c
supp -ve 7.34 130 105 0.666 309.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 4.77 130 105 0.433 201.3 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 7.22 130 95 0.800 336.8 312 349 10@225mm c/c
supp -ve 5.43 130 105 0.493 229.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S8 Short supp -ve 7.34 130 105 0.666 309.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 3.6 130 105 0.327 152 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 6.84 130 105 0.620 288.7 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.54 130 95 0.281 118.5 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S9 Short supp -ve 0 130 105 0.0000 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 11.53 130 105 1.046 493.1 312 523 10@150mm c/c
supp -ve 10.26 130 105 0.931 435.4 312 449 10@175mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 9.97 130 95 1.105 473.2 312 523 10@150mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S10 Short supp -ve 10.26 130 105 0.931 435.4 312 449 10@175mm c/c
mid +ve 4.62 130 105 0.419 195 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 6.14 130 105 0.557 259.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 5.43 130 105 0.493 229.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 3.02 130 95 0.335 140.9 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 12.75 130 105 1.156 549.5 312 628 10@125mm c/c
S11 Short supp -ve 6.14 130 105 0.557 259.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 4.62 130 105 0.419 195 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 10.26 130 105 0.931 435.4 312 449 10@175mm c/c
Long supp -ve 5.43 130 105 0.493 229.2 312 349 10@200mm c/c
mid +ve 3.02 130 95 0.335 140.9 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 12.75 130 105 1.156 549.5 312 628 10@125mm c/c
S12 Short supp -ve 10.26 130 105 0.931 435.4 312 449 10@175mm c/c
mid +ve 11.53 130 105 1.046 493.1 312 523 10@150mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 9.97 130 95 1.105 473.2 312 523 10@150mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c

Table (2.3) Reinforcement of Solid Slabs

Specifications for all slabs
 SLABS SOLID SLAB
fcu = 20 N/mm² , fy = 250 N/mm²

Design h d Ast
Slab M/bd² Ast req Ast min
no.
Direction moment (mm) (mm) prov spacing of bar
(kN.m) (mm) (mm) N/mm² mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
S13 Short supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 4.53 130 105 0.411 191.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 3.16 130 95 0.350 147.4 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S14 Short supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 3.652 130 105 0.331 154.2 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 3.16 130 95 0.350 147.4 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S15 Short supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.79 130 105 0.253 117.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.5 130 95 0.277 116.6 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S16 Short supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.79 130 105 0.253 117.8 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
Long supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 2.5 130 95 0.277 116.6 312 314 10@250mm c/c
supp -ve 0 130 105 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S17 Short supp -ve 6.31 130 105 0.572 266.4 312 314 10@250mm c/c
mid +ve 6.31 130 105 0.572 266.4 312 314 10@250mm c/c
One supp -ve 6.31 130 105 0.572 266.4 312 314 10@250mm c/c
way One supp -ve 0 130 95 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
slab way mid +ve 0 130 95 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
slab supp -ve 0 130 95 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c
S
Main
Ren.

18
Cantilever

-ve 12.75 130 105 1.156 549.5 312 628 10@125mm c/c
19
Slab

20
Ren.
Dis.

-ve 0 130 95 0 0 312 314 10@250mm c/c