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Steam Plant

Steam plant calculations

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17 views12 pages

Steam Plant

Steam plant calculations

Uploaded by

thandiswan123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Results

T 1: Ambient air temperature (oC)

T 2: Feeding water temperature (oC)

T 3: Steam boiler temperature (oC)

T 4: Steam engine inlet temperature (oC)

T 5: team engine outlet temperature (oC)

T 6: Condensate temperature (oC)

T 7: Cooling water inlet temperature (oC)

T 8: Cooling water outlet temperature (oC)

v cw: Cooling water flow rate(l/hr)

v gas: Gas flowrate (l/hr)

v c: condensation flowrate (ml)

v : Generator electric voltage (V)

I : Generator electric current (mA)

Table 1.1: showing raw data from the laboratory

Without Load With Load

T 1(oC) 23 24
T 2(oC) 37 37
T 3(oC) 133 129
T 4(oC) 113 112
T 5(oC) 97 98
T 6(oC) 37 34
T 7(oC) 24 23
T 8(oC) 31 29
v cw(l/hr) 45 45
v gas(l/hr) 46 46
v c(ml) 75 60
v (V) 7.6 5.1
I (mA) 30 60
Table 1.2: Showing converted data from table 1.1

Without Load With Load

T 1(K) 296.15 297.15


T 2(K) 310.15 310.15
T 3(K) 406.15 402.15
T 4(K) 386.15 385.15
T 5(K) 370.15 371.15
T 6(K) 310.15 307.15
T 7(K) 297.15 296.15
T 8(K) 304.15 302.15
v cw(m3/s) 1.25x10-5 1.25x10-5
v gas(m3/s) 1.2778x10-5 1.2778x10-5
v c(m 3) 7.5x10-5 7.5x10-5
v (V) 7.6 5.1
I (A) 0.03 0.06

Without Load:

1. Fuel consumption

Properties used to calculate ρ gas

ρn = 2.01kg/m 3 (Density of Propane at STP)

ρamb = 101325Pa

T o= 273.15K

3 273.15 K 101325 Pa
ρ gas =2.01 kg/m × ×
(273.15+23) K 101325 Pa

ρ gas= 1.8534kg/m 3

46 ×1.8534
mgas = = 2.3682x10-5
3600× 1000
2. Steam volume

Vc
mst = ρc ×
∆t

ρc = 992.2kg/m 3 from the physical properties of water table at T6

t = 5min = 5min× = 300s


60 s
1min

mst = 992.2kg/m3 × 7.5 x 10 m


−5 3

300 s

mst = 2.4805 x 10−4 kg/s

3. Efficiency

3.1. Boiler Efficiency

H u= 46.4MJ/ Kg (NIST Chemistry WebBook)

P gas= = 2.3682x10-5 × 46.4MJ/ kg ×1000kJ/kg

= 1.0988kJ/s

Temperature (oC) h’ (kJ/kg) h”(kJ/kg)


130 546.41 2720.4
133 X1 X2
135 567.80 2727.2

X 1= 559.244kJ/kg

X 2 = 2724.48 kJ/kg

Pst = 2.4805 x 10−4kg/s (2724.48 kJ/kg – 559.244kJ/kg)

Pst = 0.5371 kJ/s


0.5371 kJ /s
= 1.0988 kJ /S ×100% = 48.8806%

3.2. Thermal Efficiency

ρcw = 997.22kg/m 3 and c p = 4.187 kJ/kgK from properties of water table

Pcw =1.25 x 10−5 m3/s×997.22kg/m3×4.187 kJ/kgK(304.15K – 297.15K)

=0.3653kW

= 2.4805 x 10−4 kg /s × 4.187 kJ/kgK (100 +273.15K – 310.15K)

= 0.0654kW

= 0.5371 kW – (0.3653kW-0.0654kW )

= 0.2372kW

0.2372 kW
= ×100%
0.5371 kW

= 44.1631%

3.3. Generator Efficiency

= 7.6V×0.03A

= 0.228W

= 0.000228kW
0.000228 kW
= ×100%
0.2372 kW

= 0.096%

3.4. Overall efficiency

0.00043 kW
=
1.0955 kW

= 0.0393%

All the calculated values were summarised on the table below.

Table 1.3: Summary of the calculated values

Without Load:
Fuel Consumption, m gas 2.3682x10-5 kg/s
Steam Volume, m st 2.4805 x 10 kg/s
−4

Boiler Efficiency 48.8806%


Thermal Efficiency 44.1631%
Generator Efficiency 0.096%
Overall efficiency 0.0393%

With Load:

All the calculations are calculated the same way as when there was no load and the values are
tabulated on the table below.

With Load:
Fuel Consumption, m gas 2.3610x10-5 kg/s
Steam Volume, m st 2.4805 x 10 kg/s
−4

Boiler Efficiency 49.2926%


Thermal Efficiency 54.6852%%
Generator Efficiency 0.1036%
Overall efficiency 0.0279%
The Graph below represents the relationship of overall efficiency and time

Figure 1.1: Relationship of overall efficiency and time

Overall efficiency vs time


0.07
Overall efficiency(%)

0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time(s)

Without Load With Load


Appendix

Appendix A: Tables and Figures

Appendix B: Sample Conversions

T(oC) to T(K):
o
C + 273.15 = 297.15K

ml/hr to m3/s:

48 l/hr ×10−3 m3/1l ÷ 3600s/1hr = 0.000133m3/s

ml to m3:

80 ml ×10−6 m3/ ml = 8×10−5 m3

mA to A:

50mA × 10−3 A/
mA = 0.05A

Without Load:

1. Fuel consumption

Properties used to calculate ρ gas

ρn = 2.01kg/m 3 (Density of Propane at STP)

ρamb = 101325Pa

T o= 273.15K

3 273.15 K 101325 Pa
ρ gas =2.01 kg/m × ×
(273.15+24 )K 101325 Pa

ρ gas= 1.8477kg/m 3

46 ×1.8477
mgas = = 2.3610x10-5
3600× 1000

2. Steam volume

Vc
mst = ρc ×
∆t

ρc = 992.2kg/m 3 from the physical properties of water table at T6

t = 5min = 5min× = 300s


60 s
1min

mst = 992.2kg/m3 × 7.5 x 10 m


−5 3

300 s

mst = 2.4805 x 10−4 kg/s


3. Efficiency

3.1. Boiler Efficiency

H u= 46.4MJ/ Kg (NIST Chemistry WebBook)

P gas= 2.3610x10-5 × 46.4MJ/ kg ×1000kJ/kg

= 1.0955kJ/s

Temperature (oC) h’ (kJ/kg) h”(kJ/kg)


128.7 541 2719
129 X1 X2
130 546.41 2720.4

X 1= 542.25kJ/kg

X 2 = 2719.32 kJ/kg

Pst = 2.4805 x 10−4kg/s (2719.32 kJ/kg – 542.25kJ/kg)

Pst = 0.5400 kJ/s

0.5400 kJ /s
= 1.0955 kJ /S ×100% = 49.2926%

3.2. Thermal Efficiency

ρcw = 997.22kg/m 3 and c p = 4.187 kJ/kgK from properties of water table

Pcw =1.25 x 10−5 m3/s×997.22kg/m3×4.187 kJ/kgK(302.15K – 296.15K)

=0.3132kW
= 2.4805 x 10−4 kg /s × 4.187 kJ/kgK (100 +273.15K – 307.15K)

= 0.0685kW

= 0.5400kW – (0.3132kW-0.0685kW )

= 0.2953kW

0.2953 kW
= ×100%
0.5400 kW

= 54.6852%

3.3. Generator Efficiency

= 5.1V×0.06A

= 0.306W

= 0.000306kW

0.000306 kW
= ×100%
0.2953 kW

= 0.1036%

3.4. Overall efficiency

0.000306 kW
=
1.0955 kW

= 0.0279%

All the calculated values were summarised on the table below.


Discussions
The results show that when there’s no load, the fuel consumption is 2.3682x10-5 , Steam
volume 2.4805 x 10−4kg/s, Boiler efficiency is 48.8806% , Thermal efficiency is 44.1631% ,
Generator efficiency 0.096% and Overall efficiency is 0.0393% . These results were
evaluated at a pressure of 2 bars. The Boiler and Thermal efficiencies differ by a little
percentage whereas the Overall efficiency is very low. A similar trend can also be seen for
readings at the is a load. When there’s a load, fuel consumption is 2.3610x10-5 kg/s, Steam
volume 2.4805 x 10−4 kg /s , Boiler efficiency is 49.2926%, Thermal efficiency is 54.6852%,
Generator efficiency 0.1036 % and Overall efficiency is 0.0279%. The efficiencies when
there’s a load were higher than when there was no load. The values for efficiency for when
there’s a load was supposed to be higher than where’s no load since when increasing the load,
the steam plant operates closer to its set point which then results in higher efficiency.
(Ketankumar,2014). The reasons for such errors on our results may have caused by mistakes
while reading values at lab. As the load was added the Boiler efficiency seemed to be lower
than the Thermal efficiency, this means the boiler may have reached its limitation thus
reducing the efficiency. (Andersen et al., 2009).

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