Medes Retresentaten OF So fer we chavs trean clang isity linear Mapping “fem ent Veeter Space fo the Same, Tiveov from Ont Vector Space Mite neque, Let Ui Gad Vi be vettor Spaces Same field KE and din 0 anna in Ghee tard fir U and Ni cespectvely « Tn TEL), TE) wetes Tem) are Vectors Si OV as a Lnar Comdinabin of LR fae- TR) = ah tebe THD = asf. teste t- Teme trifi t Safe + - The framtpore OF the Above Matar OF Coegficients called sig minta’s representation of T relatic tH bass Zety Sa TRG: Crise = [FH ay pany %2 arr Bae Bir Ban | Qn sam! Lek Ty Rio RV Ae a Madge, ot filbaing dass of Rt aa | a: . Gad each one of Tan Can be edt mathing “ gkfud by Vt =p TO: 2) = Gxray-4e, Sy 432) Ase Fd wt matin of T celanie. , Fy Linear $9202, sce (lane Operates). Next We Gonteer [ey fe genneal Case of etene watrags] Let Gh) Goby = Tg, + n2d* “pee at THs TAD Tee) > AM, - = Blase sey fs TOW £2 = G10) £5 26,06), Gr Der ata “aa Se Gib) =(ab-sa)g, +GN-4) =-!) 2-0 3g: + 193% Mapring * g22 GS iy Meaty ot or? fv],- (reo Rr al RE - = 1M 2 Gs 7 DM = abe Se = 380+ ye ge @v OE-C 7) ) Recal Gv¥s G4heo €R tin BAC = Oh oe -e)f2 40-4) fr 5) TO20 =Geasey ns, as, 26) = Slang ae edt bees p26 Ge) Cash 20 ]94, ~~Ina . . . 1) = Elsa 20h + 2be}9i + Chea weeds ae UTS fF Greg. Ne, LVI, a ey” Freen 4 @jp4d = eh G + Ga-b) {z TE). Ten: of aw 186-206 426 Ba these ~F -35 -13) fe IG) Ao Ay TAC -354 435 -sarnt) MO 410% 016 tga -Hb, “13a - Rob + 260 BA TNA = (@€-38; Ge -ty) + Ped ta toy ha fasis and -3 exarple a as Pad tie roautay Of rebresntetien Ae ditacd by bet to fe —> Pe T Pw) = £ Pls), tat Tee tac ter xt) & 3 = leet Oba s)r eee a) p T @) = XCx-3) 23x 44? : On forse oe eR Oe Ol = 82k tte TED nu “xc x-39>" = Cure 6x+9) = Ox-6x* + = Od 4¢ XO HE? mE Let Vo PEed, be a veetie Spa OF AU Polynomials €} elegreg € 2+ sbebig a tater opirator THVSY ‘TlPeo) = Plexts): Aad me |! medic of TD ealekie fo ky bass | ites xt SH | TOs rode tt x13) + Gnd | (4an4 3 ¢uat wiaztd | 4 “ABT es =v Grex) 4rd) SCC? L Slt OM 3a Ce 18 TW e138, pte seT Citas) 213 Cir e127) Gx ~ NO) Fara) = @a48) + @xt39" _ | Tere2 Be Bet squat 412219 ee ee DiCGrxeat) + Te Crete HCH) MWe 12 Stee? gen Tie ™ Maa Wt a4 IS B My 12, LCosees 2) 12 Gr 20-4) Gras, a” 4 az tO Serf} sla Cited ot D2 Gera 4 MG] pot ad “cree = OD tat Ter: epee a Care) - i et: - es) Hto~t i \ Ae a masenatateley 7 hme tnt 3 VE Ulin = eesped 8 ‘Standard = | gete Mops RP “tasd © RS Rag te fi ode “vespect ts Sy uaitt 8 = Pee, f25 godt Sek Ene And , giz ye Tw J +3 fete) * feudal +2£0a!) ZS 4 gba? 25,9) ag tt) ex Gi! aGe7+39 - 32, #9 Lek @oy € and S2t @ib) = + 72 J* = WO. Diane 3D +572 a Ge 4-59) 5: + Ga-6)3= us Neo) : FG = O19 = Gr a = go 85 . | $49 = (WHO 2 fade ye =~ @& gi 4 24g £68) = § C0.) = (rt) 2-804 59* -# “BT -CF RD. SS 3) ee ng adie of TER Pe wim respect te fe basis LV, ve, vs § vohute Yos 2a +34, We taser 3d \ ys St te-= - Tes) TAD” @ Ere] = Bo: fon i FryeFwal, (3) 6 @ Tw) = 1% + ave + 6s = 1 Ctat aa?) 4 aC-ttaztex”) + 6Catax— 22?) = e+ sin —sxt Wad = 3Y + Os 4 C2) Ve 3C3«4 32h) to(-1¢3c4292) -2C 347%-22*D G - 59 +1327 Ye +5 Ve + ays = nt Crea 8eh> rsCi tant) 4a e922?) = Dtuyox = x® Exeruse Find tre matin ebresentaten OF each of the: follswing Linear mappings veladie + te Standard -bass: Tr Re > RF dapaed Tey = Cax-y, 2xt ey, 5<-6y) ‘ + wo 3 dip TERY BY Ahad ty T Cary, st)= Can ay tas - Sty ox tty 5-2) Lek Ts Pa > Fo te a Ainae epnsl Ahad by Thess .P Ger) Mt i Fol CrJg whe, BDA TE (in Gmpute T C2 -3%7 47D Lee TT: Wino Ri dete Avvaae Ng ping, represinted by a. mata CG 33013 + Oo 8 Wik respect 48 the” Ulan | ac RF Ye e(W, ex eed, €32690)5 RL Bs), 9 eid Fn . = , w Ereods, (teal, [rents & Treo, Tea, TED ‘ a bel TRY» I de nae] reaping thet & Sach That Thegod = R56) Toto )a(4,2-3) aad FT (woot) = (o2,-1)+ Rad Mote representation Of 1 relanig te ‘tee bass at: ] Cues ened eas!) Gael WE Fuqed Ge) & 9) nt 2 Ha2 0) ela asea SZ (Siinilariey of Matces | Ce Suppose / A cack Bee Square mated for bith thee eists an Inveribe Mato Puck that B= PTAC. Tear Boy anid to be Slr fe A Note that SB & Simlar ON ttn A i Similar kB ‘ "Theorem 8B : A relatin dapard 6 Seb S Sul cob am equivalence rele ian Af Gis AVE tea Sra fr eves ayec (ymstty) ' . UG IF Arb, bee Men anc Tran siteully aby Suniladly lan equtvetanee relahle i Pooks i) Te Tats wnatex ZT & Kweehee . and Ae TOA T Reg xi ally holds), thiy Suppose mete A ts Similar te matax! 8 - Then — there ekots ma inveriba eaten PF such Tat Ae PTBP- Now = Po nverthe, aad BT 6 =, A PO. Meng Big: Simlae to Ay + en A 7” i (ens Siilacty —eelatitn 2% syenulei) GS ugpose A ts Sintder = Band GB Siar te Ce Tan there euists lnvertiule matwees pana fr evry we S Ceybunfis) : i 7 Wt) cote metices hae te agugation tank GQ Saeh aad Bo @'ia4s Hesee that watdy A Theoren bt ernamant Senn dbteceninant« Pek A= P'ee = &t B “Degrution Begamon defied as the Example Mapping — athaed Geay, 24d of Mataces+ Aj p' 8p = PES) PF = Pig" cae = (Pye YP Alse is in vertee, taetny C °C transitivity Suppose mate A to mak Bs Tua frre te an nverhbk wetwx Such Gxt thes deh Ae det (PB PD = dk pli de B x det P A. kw. ket P nat A> PBL Gb. emilee iy Slatler \ Hence Staller mMawices haves | fig Sawa dlatersauanct / Tres Auterwvrant of @ Lazar mapping 'T, dencted by det T deteemianat of any ites —represtahag T Let pi ®t RH a Une by TCH) = — |; ee Der . A linear abheg Toon a! Fut det oT Sch v Lobe dehy adobe, es a _ | basis ‘ Cheese te Folly basis Re RT be, Leste, e22@09 matex’ | Lek (ab) © RE, Then @b)2 Mei thes Traore — ictn'e echt T- The La A eS ni | IE dad TEN = TOD eC 2) 2-888 | of raer Tes) 2 T@I2 =U) = Crt¥ee Tf diagun , only ty Are emisk 7 an } 2ft,4 wee age ened P| Fath Bt rhe- (% “J : Friap & a clagend mates i dot To qr = 6 Example | 7H : Let Tuayd= ty, extras) Hed ve cheesea! B= GPFizGo, | anc fase, ee @nje] ' far Gy ' : fog @—OF | Let Gy € R* and Se de ae i Gey = 7G + ae Cue) @ Red the Transiten Matex P- > 7 ~Te 2a fon fg. ~ Ky aa pt} vo qe tates b fom JRE te lect \ ued “Mae ae (by Shoo thar PUTTTG te mae ts Gagersl matin, tet ‘Dez 2a-b ig diagonal gabe | ee (Gb) =(2a-b) £,4(b-4) f2 Soba TH) 2 TU <2) = 2h 4 OF? Lait (@b) € RY, Ben @by = ae + bea TE) = TW2= Ga = ofv+3fz Fes o & 40, =o fac) = Ri ee, cra, = [5 3] Bee y sf weg | GS) 03 Let, Qty © Brand set Gb = ah + Tele nut G4 AaCet) 244 tate 2a 1 dutt=nen for VO Bet Cataby 7 Te Standart Hanis t= Lan) Wabi Standard aoe fer 3 y We) o ‘) ies 63 ; W Gy 2 FGM 4 LOM Se Ls) (a) G a) Golubes . BW = Bh hfe Te = 62) ose Vtg FON = Bao fa ry 10. 102, 4982 HOLY Tene) (NE) CN © a bes tbe s28r G+ 2s Tes22 TC) debs, 23) ted Het Slo Re, + OLr tbs + Oly Terje TI 29) IGT E ie OU F2er 4 OB erly TH) = THD = Ted = TE) = wo tafie2° | [ry = Gi 5) Lt ae ee ec; oz =a zoe fe EYP " — = oe ot a (2. 5) | ! 0307 . = t L \ a 2 4 o> ro) we, of iy = on) a A a> T & dageaiiaasle- Exerase — i Let Note the Veter Spree of t axa ovr Rant ld Me (ht Lb OT RE a Maene Operon i v dafmad by TA) = Ma. ofind ML made of TT eelabie teof, Wate] Pencils Yh Let A he Squat mada tt Ip T) A ms a rem ee a of Zee only, Ten at A Recalls Belermineant Of AZ Mate x la = (Au Qe ene ‘ (a, an fan [AL = aueaseytf@r ts A bes wterbeed eee! fas ut Azo: [FO | Exnerte iy Studer malate sf Snelae| } fun et A= lee, 2 ‘ ay) - 267 . * nae 7 w Ty. a alto cf A PY HAL = 6 ty padded te Anon” n Hae = tnuten By fan SxS Malrces \ a Ig tae me a A ae me Lt Az Ou Ue Us h poduce Matas 6, 1 4a Ga GQ; dk Bos - LEA L. . Sav Bz as Ge) pom fo of A weal Emplegag — feemalas netted’. OF Salar ko a ie Matex B tar &t B = de dak A t te we ae. a ~ a, fs Ga] Lg, (Al = ® Joo. aa3 [eles Ma ba bet (AT) = dee A | j GT Bk wete mate Yd Exanple } Samy onkte = AS Mata A, tan t i aut (AB) = de A - dt B Pe) ie arpa fat ‘ | arid 1 - | * |+s | BT A BK dagenal mate | ek " 42 41 oe te teangalae mata tin ts = 10-26) + 362) Adlerminnd Of AG tek = fe paikects PMs aa stain = 1-6 = oh, diagoask Pepsctes 2 banectaneds Minces - Qnd — Cofactors - ‘ = | Evaluate ta deternvcant OF Recall bas il 1 Let A tea matan” of coe + VK ad kh Hew s a7 ot Seared enty of As Tey Rt 6 6 Ate Minar of te Remit OS) duwoted 6 Maj clareesvant AF me (aX (et) Sabet Obtain ater iulitag fa OS PT Gud we FR Golam” Of AY “| mamber AY acu my 4 © Scanned with CamScannerSY SY) S| EE | Exam let Read the minor etme Mouser Aw = CO @8) Ave 8 Gays 2 Ay = Go Gy = 4 Aa sent (sat Aue =G0T OD Auy 2 G08 G5) 2's Ans Ent Ew) 2-10 Aas 260 @ 2-4 Ass = Gubcey = -8 ‘ Cotncter of onth Metols | Techniques of evalanticg Betersinants of — Matveas oF Order eK And ight « 4 Laplace's Expansion Tuscon Als. culled Co-facter E Nettet. “Throren [Lairtacs Expenses Trta-e |] Te datermianat of he Square Wetay As (Aj) G equal the Sun of tte pevducts Ober: Mate ply: Rlemwerts Of ]r elaean) of A ey Tespectve — Co. feutors mid ng any me Wl = QA t+aiediae ---- 4 + in Ain = Fai ay Jee A= Bj Au EMAL Cor ce yA NB Te ik appicate 2 matneey With A Fes OF Cole te Mang “Eercss Ta tick is expand alow fos (er! Column) deck beg, Many Zeros. hag Example 4 Compare dt Ry Grin thak As (rood Fri oo 2630 AS 8 8 Soh. Ex pandas Alny vou © (A) = Gent] teeEpeealen 400 L |e so y a4 ade Gas Corse errand lin Column 3 I) =@) @ [ole @) | ‘i ‘| : | . yy. compute AL ave p See AS oat dae bie | tng dtdermtinant Can be btn Aaf te 2 s | by Malptydy dates aba the “Toot 2.9 } Mate diagonal: 7 2-6 4-8 | - : Ben 2- | Al = & x-K 3x3 to 8-4 = = 36 Pectere fpieehe AK Pansin Adar 2 Compate det A gittn at Azfi -7 3 9 -6€ Al = @cr ° 2-58 # 3 i arto ec 1 gs © 20 & 4 -t co 0 -2 @ = C3) |e + , o 2 Sela fF 4 Expand Along — Colaven * oO: o9 Next expand along ron > dit A= gen [? #74 eo 1 50 c@cot( se ss) | o24-t s2-3| 4 a ' Nest OE tw Obraned clergy dat A> @) 2) Cor ode ney , |G quss Te Elewnantery Oita. mates Thad Sinplines Thed @) Tnterchangieg Ri and & Matietyng te iF roa Constank . fe) Adding a roaltple tote Te cow Elicination Strategy is te Per fives Ofecabons bance ng Tere Subsequent Operate tow on te Cee by & nom Bere: of jt ew Example Comeute. det A Acfl -& = ae (: + =) Sofn Shratesy | te echtla. fern. And thin redy ae fact that Aa daterwion a teangwar ttdtet'y & ejucl do SAG Priducts OF “Ale eatnes Qlong Hes. main iagesal « det A that pea The to use 4 “3-1 -3 & = — 7 23 28 8313 = “§ -3 2 . bie -2 +t 2 os ial % 3-2 2 -6 4 3S. Sete :[{1 0 93 1-20 Rate) -2 3-23 nas goes oacet isoc 4 C4 (6-23) + 209427) “3S 4 72 = 392 2.5 -3 -4 Bs|3 o i -3 Ry = 2k _[-6 oO -% 49 4 10 -4 -I 4 19H -1 [26 -3 -4 jo 36 2 TL . >. 2 so 4 -3f5 ° I-60 -4 49 oo 24 es *{3s0-3 - -6 -4 9 o 22 SA - -5 (3-4-0) ai (6) -3 Gu)) ~s 666 t6 +36) = - 120, a& G : J— PH6 49, Et x - HIG -S -42 Fo daft te 4 FY Ent 0%) + 5(-25)-12 Caaf Q) - 2933 - gas + 452 = + tooé a CaeSaprse Ts voy Is & Lene Ofernter on A Vectin Ste Vv over a Feld Re Ty ! Ft = ant” 4 Bate ae La mgt aT Qa Ty ee TH + Tt QoL, whee Theatty — operte Mfr ott vev) | vthat Vor ha ig f Wr) = S Zero. Opemtg vev) Evees Values. . “Eigen Vectics Ly ben yiak Vv be Ainalae OPerater and vecbe “TSpace Vo over a pat Ike A Stalar NR ENK is Cade an a] Goenvabe Of. TT. gan | eee. jf teats, Oo none. sero, “Me x suck “that Tee ay. «| Eveye vector Ms Sabatying: he “relation 6 Called | in eineavector of TT beleninay te te RGenvalur | De i ’ Note fint gach Scolar butt KY. false, on ebtavectic belorong to ty Lage Value a Se Thy = k Tw z k (?y) Ba te Scalar pol through = pCky) The St of alk Sach Vectors t& A® Sabspace of Viana called tae Cguspae OF D+ (Show) ‘ diyhav ew onawew AyEw Heace ky aa Ciyervecte bebaging re the Liginvaks TD Bind... Rgtn Verte — reapectiualy » Examples: tot Irvov tim dees Mapping - Thin, for tvey Ve V We have Iwye Va 2 de¥. Hence t Won igen vnlae ul To ant aay ton won Vv ean & 4: The terms Characdenstic Value aad Chacwctedane vectee Com Pesper vate cad Peper NecteeD are frequertly USeel Tnstend of UrHenvale Bere vee. Rgenvecce 2 BP Let bbe te clfferential — Operttir on a Veer Span Vo of” ay differential — fiance \ Somvectr, Jo | t ws. We have fenip, gf a's be) 2 set ae a] co RGerVake of A aul CE ie ay Beeespentage ee ee eeeb of hos! Gal te. e Ent TA & aww) maten Over am field kK, than DEK is called am Cgienvatae of A ig Song nen~ Bera Veer Y in. Column fiend, We have AY =ny bas thes Case YO is Called an Ageavecter belonging te fle Cigenvous] p Exanple Fad te eae Gnd “| Gjtavecties lop the matax Ae G He | Sets : | We’ Suk AMER and mentees [vectee yh aiG)-1 Such + thet Ay = Ty-+—= Ts eit 2\ fx) - a ay °) 3) = G3) xe ny ene! (@-1) (P-2) - D*-3 0 - => Te4 Deel =) 2s | Hence the pat ijeavnta Ne of are Ecgenvecties Dat, are New equation © Bx -2y 20 -s24+gy 2° “6 engeavecee bb Tas Nea - gere fe te Rgenvabe Tle + : any Ottar — egenvertie | a mulnee of | ‘ Tn eegeavectns beady | Ake Magen veces E | Obtained bs SHbsntetay D7 | i @- = 2x -2ys0 “Bx -3320 Tess = G) =(4) 7 an. Rye vector He Ugeavetg May Ole el’geaveetee of A A Scaler onulapu ay 2 I 1 7 axtwy =ny! * Mania <1) x -ay wk (m1) ye ---0 3x + (a-2)y = °, is 14 homogenous | Syste inter eyaohing toad ue a mene eres Solute | -ig only IF tke Uaderminaink of 7 tnx = O | Coefpeek — Matix = = -2 +} 4 P= =o " a) p43 6bsw - Singular Operate “T/T tg ands only ig of MIT T Peoog } TH)= DY of Tye PIy Pee nIy + Ty)-0) (MO@r—-T) 20! AL-T 20 ‘tank, Oreeatir Hence YO E kee rt) Henee (nz-7) Is wot . inverse re Tk Sirgubee VE li ae ne | ies tin. the. ergenspace. 10 tha, agen Yale 7, ig 1F wth sn bhave vdedn | ete P [NM over te Aletd Ke Then DEK & Fan Vegenvalee He Ofer DST ts) Singular, “hy | Agerspace i 1 tan he Kernel (Dis an eegennale OFT if an only i feare | OKs QO, -nen- Zero Yi Such thet bs And only ° ne wurst 29 dak zo Tee mt ered Ha Sete Ciger values ad a bass for! each eigen space Db an eiyewale Of ATE (vz -al= Thad ir.) - P= -2z “Des Kigevatues ak Nes Ca)-Gs ° G2. ¢ =°0 4 T-3 (0-1) (n-3) -8 20 PM -an sg 20 > GO «sd 20 Bite Deo, SS A ae Teel 7 of MDA T A Ancar Operator Te vov BS Said be | Singular tp] Dub vetently ie as net laveetible . DEK th an ergtetalun of JNO TT loos wot emisds inate A if Gad oo ; ig Sak ular he A Abrene Operutor ui’ ora * og 3 Corn Bese? tverBbe ig aad only ig of att vectors | (th Geleann) kee T os fo} Satisfying the — cedahin WE "Theorem ¢ (Wr-Ay¥% = 2 a Example let Tivv be ag Lalo ie Operator Om a ‘Vector Space| Let A =(. ‘) Fad clTo obtan the tenspace OF velakie ot} Any basis, gp Des we Subshkle Des Glasdaed basis os ths equahon T-Ay=e ses quake (UE-MY =k | Te. = Thee) 2&7 Oh (‘* “4 6) -0 (0 Tey = Tener 2Way- e reeg ~\-2. 2 J 7 (3) Tay = TOO = Gee area] ex ay. = O Harty se fy we A = OIe2(%' ° H-2et2y 2 OQ tHe te ort 4 ? oz4 i tux -ayso oF ede O E D is an ergevalue ef AG Wemspace OF Age Les! my ee} (ar-al = 0 Te system has Onk Independent Jpr-al = fre -! ° eh Ssliden and bine. the ae oOo mt 4! 20} “Ege hap oF ths ‘ eGenspace One i A tasis for HS a. Dy o <2 D4] coukec| ‘ igen lee P-2]9- 4 , Sholay, 4 Obtald be Sta rear | ot , + 22. -Space: OF ae-!, solve ee, 2. DH! © a4 . equation, ME-A) % =O fer. Teal ; i 2 pea (ove +21 =? 4 (25 -2 =) - 2=(%) (a-zy CT*-9? +6t-=° | ! (a-a (9-2) 3) =O | “Lax Dag or tad ye ~22 wee aatizyeO [Sy Desa2 wh Des E 5 BO 4 : Ai “| Begesspace, of Dene op ery [429 = lente ten MaGemvales OF AY genre. a uh | arog Ore Der Tree and tes system hast tndereadert Spr t seta, So tanks tt Aingnsion 1 of te eugtnsrace Of Be Tl Tin Rgenspace of «Pe? we \ ts ie A basis, for fur eeree| SE (I-A) Y = 2S 2Q & [ca-5 ; ON OY rx ° . : Ce Fon ret y\ = lo 2| Fat vt tha. tigen values and Oo -2-2 7 a a basis far. Rach —tagencpace ; og Te BA RP thant by lyse s yeo . Tey, = (2x4, y-z, 29442) dpese oT yaze? v3 caf A Sete \ -2 +2220 ; > Tfiese! equadias have 4 4 - Sak Iaderendect sayy (47 Scanned with CamScannerAigensearce 4 And Us bases & 1y°)% The -Cgenspace «OF «= EB, WE sole (NT-a)y= oO fe 123; E290-0 Z-3 =0 x-y so — ayers or ayre 0 ' =2y- 220 The “umber Of Independent” Solution pity obeve syster & 4, So te dimtasion Of tals exgenspace «Se A basis fer fur Bigenspace & IGG) 2H Exerase “| +| fer cack mada; find | tee And basis for Tha exbenvalass ack. exgenseace. Of & a-( 7S wy e- (; ‘) ey ee me, sti ’ A Gm --c = fi 32 Gy [3 te 3-58 Rs ol 6 6-2 6 -6 4, pl aa all thy agenvanntt” Ond a bass for tack eqgensrace ota Operate THR ev defined by? 1 2ytz, 2932) Ie, y,e) = (e+9tt, 4 84 Suppse tet 7 8 ant exgeamte | On inver du Oper: Pa Qrean-2aaed qin-2) Q-2) = ae (i —x+y -% [eigenspaces {xy =-¥ 205 Ag bass! Ge this ba? fe. 5 -2(?-2) ° 2 \G@) 3 tg bites of ape Te Shoo hat Doh Ah legenvaln ed. { m-yse w+eso te -a)f oe a eee anton ParcaDiasenalizakon Of __Matnees: 1 Te tt Ghorr — aoren Ie Le Tivov be 4 Uncrar |e We PF oh. be mab,” mapping ON A Veber Shae v.| whose Colmes 96 he n| wih fiike |. dhantasion ver Toe Linnarty Independind — ergenviery T can be rebreseted by of =A Ken | diagonal, matax, be ep! Ae | I =fReo-- Try a Heear operatar or | 0720 ----0 n etatae Can be rebreseated | | -0-&.Ts by a diagonal matrix, we | cay that ce is linge Cull and if PTA P= b & a diagencl matein , Te WH Say thet P dkngenel ses A: 2 Mech 013, Examples 4) biegenalise ae raate x vo Gt | Tot he Meeties Gre exjenvecters | Of '-T | belong Sete é th Ugewalaes.. T, Th,-- TH n ban tgen Valu of A t “Teorem: = ig Pr-aj zo \ A linear. Operator, Ti Y>OV mer -2 | Lo { [A ET eepeecenel, bs Ps le \ diagenad tata DG ard Only f ip OV has 8 basis OF \ Cgenvecors Of Te Th fey cae] = WBN 4 a-G =O tha Diagonal elements of a ace Ht Coreespnading — :ygenvalats -3% =e =r0. Equivalently, G@-4) @+y 0 \ AL) nxn | matin Ab Siulne | bh a dhagonat matey oS and only If A has wl Tae Ungerly taderendent — Cigenvectors s Tr ths Case TH Riggonel — Ontnes of (MHA) hao aH bare eR Carresponching egal @ “2 ye) -() Eltee Tee or Ae-t | Rogervecees of AFBx-2y 50 -3x4245 20 er A basis w [@,33 Eigen Space for ot (Pt-a)¥= 2 -2" -2y 20 3a -3y A tase fu4-9§ fer P Tan Bx-ayzo Ws n \ygeaspace \ (32) @-38 a this A P=( 4) , disgpeins A & Lingonall sable, 2 Find all te eigen Valls and eygeavechs PO gach Cagenspace Of =H raodices + VYoo[1-33 6-6 +. tact) Ga 2) 6 6-2, atyzo Acgeaspace || Which A ma makeer is Aiqgonal sable. Sein . | noe 4-3 5 teal d3} (ct) . coal rer. S wk Pe-v 3 73 Ae. :) = <= -3 Drs -3 $2) % %, “6G aa | 2). 3] *|- 2 2 at 6 ae = )i+ > (pt) Ura -ad 37-6 alee 20 2 N84 at T 2 497 +18 -187 -36 20 2 DS-127 -16 =90 Recall : (fete tented Ty frzo, tan Gea) 0 Ga face 3 iw Swee Dera Ga sort of Pi-ran-b so, fen by Facte Gaseam Aca) = 1+2 Ga face oF TI-127-16Bigenspace 9f we 127-16 = (at2) (rr-an-s) = (nt2) @t2) G-0 ra @-#) = \> Ts -2 Pen (Moe wort | ice 4J pe +e Thereee te! Leygervalues Of A ant Pe -2,52 pe” So te Exgerspace of = 7% Jaz-aly =o CEE | 32 439-32 (20 | 3x 129-3 zo nekdwee =O ay tE=? -bx t6y-CB =O t <2 the dimonsiin of ANS eigensrect Sn and & basis fr thet 1 Sigenteace 6 {ese} (4A) 5 Te) (MI- AY = % 3 3 -3\(= 37 7 fe 66° = De! 8 fa > acasy-3e40 | Ztd ee" “gn tly -32 2° Lady etseh -6x thy =° ws FF zt 72 oO 5 mtg E20 egy t2e 20 gj raazo ~3ay tz =O \ we wty-e=0 { ay-2 20 ye ob hone get A bass fe BS exgensrace af tf 4, 2 | ne L432, C4G49O5 | a Ra. tm AS dLiagenstrit, e-(i et ad DP AP o12 = “(258 | wef | . 6 & 2, \ i lox -8\ =|?" a4 \ i? ps 1 ~ +6 -6 De | > (Pia) Fresdtressee] sd \ Ca Giz) -6J 4 CL ae-sOshe \ | = PMoiiap wo (Dear @ = O “ aad => De -2 tne pheExyenspace X-Y¥ + 2= t+, 37 -! G .nb- fa -y te qa 9 t2 Bo owe Ney of Dez Tere (1- &8)x=0 reg is Larvog bx mby t62=° ° X-y tesco Ix -Wy4 ze zo % 42 “Ww 4ec0 6x -6y = 0 x<3 <0 ow S-YtesoO u-yteco 6x-ty =0 xy ° x-y 0 A Lasis fe Thy Qhgtnseace Ta Cigenspace Of Ne 4, ; , @r-s)¥=% Det t ‘x ° ris} = 2 6) M, 2° 2° qx -9tZ=0 = 2 -bx <0 wl or AR, ~eteeo 20 x =o A iy for fs Cagenapace " te. Gt Sae Now foipd wf are not rough ty Span M4 fan Bis ach deagonelianble Exercise: Le Shea thet PCL') 5 nat diagonalisnhle + 2 Fr each woedetes fied And a hats Cxgenspeace io Ae (301) a2} tig) in C2 (t ' °\ 010° 0° i) Where Poseha fu Tlavertule matey PF PL at Sach kA dot ‘Scanned with CamScannerq , NU Charsctenstic — Polynowih And Micirmt Polinenind WCharactenstic, Polynomial - [, a b Cayly — Haratlter _Thioremn: | Lek “A be a Square mab, flan the’ dtterminant deo = faa) Evel mdde b 4 zee | i & called tha Clacncterieti ‘ ; ‘ Puente op A se eharacteastic Folyenl + E ts We als | cat [xt-al=0, ae j | tke Charactedstie /equatien eff Werty Cevly ~ Hardtae Tare Art gies het 12 Example: . az(y *) Fad te Chanactenstic Plyrntl of te wat (a-1)(x-21 - 6 a- [12° -2 2-1 oO 7? j= exh an Soy — Let fee x -3"-% | Set ps al = fy oe = -Al | bea per A FQ) = \s 2 fet 8 c ra x2 oN :* oe HA 2 (: 6 \-G x Caen tal eee | 17” ” -fe°e © = ey beat Saree | (2 a) Heer mate A is & ave of Us Characterske — Pelyrortah ! } a 2 $2et2d Theorem + a rod Sutlee — Makvess “have i Polyaceninl 2 x8 cy atten tat | i Sane Characteristic | are esl ! bse A mt BO ‘Scanned with CamScannerSE | | eee HAG. ek Ba sash be a specrt char” Fan here Matex "Seah ty On invert Az pte e Example Thas ‘ : Rid tee cheructe ds be weet Polynomial OF ta rata Feralas \xz.- pgp] Ae (2sed . oo ~ = be@"'P) ree} gost BS cla Kon 3) intent, 00-24 = | Px -8) P| 1 = le") fee) il \ ~= +) |re-s| Il \ 7 Leh ~ = [rs- B| Hence Similar Mediates have ta} Sane. Cheracterste — Polynomal.| = 2) 270 G1) Ge +2 : W | = @?-4aruy Cesare) “Toren Ls Ge-a* Len te-sh [= [tae Aten * sate! wh { Over tt Sealer fld Ke A psccler DEK & an egervatet| The Sgzenvatuss wetan | of A and only ip Di |A are | or Se &-2)? @-s) } eet La Kero” of Us ~ Charactenstic n ~* A 22 4 Polynomial , and Z thee many , a Throrern pr Qk As are Square mMatwers. We Cas extend the above theorem ty tearguler Tan Charecteditic —Polgnomit | Eek * toes ima, product of ty Charactesstic Polynomials of A, ak AL | | Sicbbest wa y, where A, Remark: | Scanned with CamScannerWhare ‘ <. a a Sqsare —rnectaves oT Chsrastecat Potynonfel Characle ete eee of the Aiagonl — blecky pe Ay “hy MA Degree Ant Example Fed tas cheraclenitte Polyaowiel OF wh mata Exercise Find Polyroratal folloviey thy, of ene mockiees + ee xe <2 “3 x-5 w ce-2)” Lees 6] &P , Gea)? Dxtia He EY =. (-2)* ©2)&@-4) en = (2)? &3)* Te eigen voles Of A are Trea tole mdiph5 Band TAT whe woudtiphells 2» Scanned with CamScannerRecall: Exemple | 7 qracten the Let fey 2 a, xt 4a, x" 4. Ail che “ " 5 ' — elysrosateck tamed Palyneaiad, WX 4 ax 4a, he Paty LM bes aA Po God the Peg ts Vebets f *ymerinl of degre ot | tke eantin Ten. Kae Cae the lailts Coctficent ig Aas 1) thes fon G sad & be Monic- Ey aoa xt 4 4, aty ant as rd] Are Mewie — Piiynewiady baat 22S 4 rx2 4 Fs ned Monle, ben. Minnal Polynomial) | Let A be A Shuace meatax Ren tat i = Pone mil ef matax A, me is AX. Menke — Folynomial of doueit dagre Sah mek MA) =O [so G-3) [em@-s)4 25] -s fsa \ Beorem os (CO as sce] The Minimal polynomial of @ | = (4-3) Cate ate) -5(-s- 3 Mater divides the Charactenshe -5(to+ sx) Polynownal + . ‘on = t-3) er 4 ssfessp-dbope “Troren t @-3) (r2)” \ The wreh — Polynemiad aad the Character'stle Polynomial have Heer Te Characteristic ply Som? tereduchk facta» C Fact of A thet Cannot be factonaed be = G3) &r2)* fart ' For example f The _ Possiblines SY Minin bar = G4) @-2) @t3) bolynomat The — Pessittats of minimal | paca) = Ge-3) Ke) wm -o| Flynonial are Maco = Gea) (eeal” Rekg (x -1) G-2) @+3) Next ot dy) (en)* Ge) 13) (helt 4 may = (A- 33) Ca4ez) ‘Scanned with CamScanner