Multi-Part Lesson

2-2
PART

Multiply Fractions
A
B C D

Multiply Fractions
Main Idea
Multiply fractions using models.

NGSSS
MA.6.A.1.1 Explain and justify procedures for multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals.

In Lesson 1-1D, you used decimal models to multiply decimals. You can use a similar model to multiply fractions.

BACKYARDS One half of Mr. Lytles backyard is a garden. One third of his garden is covered with flowers. What fraction of Mr. Lytles backyard is covered with flowers? What do you need to find? what fraction of Mr. Lytles backyard is covered with flowers
1 1 To find _ _, find the area of a _- by _-unit rectangle. 3 2 1 3 1 2

glencoe.com

Divide a square in half. Then divide it in thirds.

1 2

1 3

is _-unit wide and

1 _-unit long. 3 1 2

Shade a rectangle that

1 2

One sixth of the square is shaded.

1 6

1 3

So, _ of Mr. Lytles backyard is covered with flowers.

and Apply
Find each product using a model.
1 1 1. _ _ 4 2 1 1 2. _ _ 3 4 1 1 3. _ _ 2 5

102

Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions

BAKING Mia is baking brownies. She covers

3

3 _ of the brownies with icing. 5

2 Of the brownies with icing, she covers _ of them with sprinkles. What

fraction of Mias brownies are covered with icing and sprinkles?

What do you need to find? the fraction of Mias brownies that are covered with icing and sprinkles
3 3 2 2 To find _ _, find _ of _. 5 3 5 3

Divide a square into thirds. Then divide it in fifths.

2 3

3 5

Shade a rectangle that

is _-unit wide and

3 _-unit long. 5 2 3

2 3

3 5

6 2 2 Six out of 15 parts are shaded. Since _ = _, _ of the brownies are 5 5 15 covered with both icing and sprinkles.

and Apply
Find each product using a model. Then write in simplest form.
3 2 4. _ _ 4 3 5 2 5. _ _ 5 6 3 4 6. _ _ 5 8

the Results
5 10 2 7. Draw a model to show that _ _ = _. Then explain how the model 10 5 shows that _ simplifies to _. 18 9 3 6 18

8. Explain the relationship between the numerators of the problem and the numerator of the product. What do you notice about the denominators of the problem and the denominator of the product? 9. MAKE A CONJECTURE Write a rule you can use to multiply fractions.
Lesson 2-2 Multiply Fractions

103

Multi-Part Lesson

2-2
PART

Multiply Fractions
A

Main Idea
Multiply fractions.

Multiply Fractions
REPTILES A chameleons body is about
1 _ the length of its tongue. A certain

NGSSS
MA.6.A.1.2 Multiply and divide fractions and decimals efficiently. MA.6.A.1.3 Solve realworld problems involving multiplication and division of fractions and decimals. Also addresses MA.6.A.1.1.

chameleon has a tongue that is 2 _ foot long. The shaded rectangle 3 1 2 1 2 represents _ of _ or _ _.
2 3 2 3

1. Refer to the model. What fraction

1 2 represents _ _? 2 3

glencoe.com

2. What is the relationship between the numerators and denominators of the factors and the numerator and denominator of the product?

Tongue is 3 foot. Body is

1 2 2 of 3 .

Multiply Fractions
Words Examples Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominator.
21 2 1 _ _ = _ 5 2 52

Numbers

ac c a _ _ = _, where b and d are not 0. b d bd

Algebra

Multiply Fractions
4 11 1 1 __=_ 3 4 34 1 =_ 12

Find 1 1 .
3

_ _

1 3

Multiply the numerators. Multiply the denominators. Simplify.

1 4

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

3 1 a. _ _ 2 5 3 1 b. _ _ 3 4 5 2 c. _ _ 3 6

104

Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions

If the numerators and the denominators have a common factor, you can simplify before you multiply.
Factor two or more numbers that are multiplied together to form a product; Example: 1, 2, 3, and 6 are all factors of 6

Simplify Before Multiplying

Find 3 5 .
4 6
1

_ _
5 =_ 8

1 1 Estimate _ 1 = _ 2 2

3 5 35 __=_ 4 6 46
2

Divide both the numerator and the denominator by 3.

Simplify. Compare to the estimate.

3 4 d. _ _ 4 9

9 5 e. _ _ 6 10

3 f. _ 10 5

LAWN MOWING Frank had

Saturday, he mowed 2 of what was left. What fraction of the 3 entire lawn did Frank mow on Saturday?
12 1 2 __=_ 2 3
1 1

1 _ of the lawn left to mow. On 2

23

Divide both the numerator and denominator by 2.

1 =_ 3

Simplify.

1 So, Frank mowed _ of the lawn on Saturday. 3

1 g. SUB SANDWICHES Rick has _ of a footlong sub left from 2

1 yesterday. He ate _ of the leftover sandwich as a snack. What 3 fraction of the entire sandwich did he eat as a snack?

Examples 1 and 2
(pp. 104105)

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

1 1 1. _ _ 8 2 3 4. _ 12 4 4 3. _ 10 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 5. _ _ 6. _ _ 6 5 6 10 3 MONEY Juanita spent _ of her allowance at the mall. Of the money 4 1 spent at the mall, _ was spent on new earphones. What part of her 2 2 4 2. _ _

Example 3
(p. 105)

allowance did Juanita spend on earphones?

Lesson 2-2 Multiply Fractions

105

= Step-by-Step Solutions begin on page R1. Extra Practice begins on page EP2.

Examples 1 and 2
(pp. 104105)

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

1 2 8. _ _ 3 5 3 2 11. _ _ 5 7 5 14. _ 15 6 __ 17. 3 5 5 7 3 1 9. _ _ 8 4 3 12. _ 2 4 3 15. _ 11 8 __ 18. 4 3 9 8 3 5 10. _ _ 4 8 3 2 1 16. _ _ 3 4 5 2 __ 19. 5 6
13

2 _4

Example 3
(p. 105)

7 1 20. SPORTS The bleachers at a football game are _ full, and _ of the fans

in the bleachers are rooting for the home team. What fraction of the bleachers are filled with home-team fans? Justify your procedure.
21. ELECTIONS The table shows the fraction of the votes that each candidate received. If 230 students voted, how many students voted for each candidate?
B
Fraction of Votes
3 _ 5 3 _ 10 10 1 _

Candidate Nyemi Luke

22. HORSES The height of a horse is often measured in hands, which is the distance across an adults palm. A pony measures
3

Natalie

1 13 hands. If a hand is equal to _ foot, about how tall is the pony? 2 23. INVENTORY A paint store has 35 gallons of paint in storage, _ of which
Real-World Link Clydesdales can stand as tall as 20 hands and weigh as much as 2,000 pounds.

are for outdoor use. The others are for indoor use. If each gallon costs $22, what is the total cost of the indoor paint in storage?
24. PIZZA Tico ate _ of a pizza. If there were 16 slices of pizza, how
5 8

many slices did Tico eat? Multiply.

1 1 1 25. _ _ _ 2 3 4 15 1 2 27. _ _ _ 2 5 16 3 2 2 26. _ _ _ 3 3 4 9 5 2 28. _ _ _ 3 9 10
7 _ 8

29. PHYSICAL EDUCATION Mr. Williams P.E. class lasts 7 for _ hour.
8

Part of -hour Class

a. How many minutes are spent warming up and cooling down? b. How many minutes are not spent on instruction? Explain.
106
Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions

playing game instruction warm-up and cool-down

1 _ 2 5 1 _ 3 _ 10

30. WATER PARK Alberto rode _ of the water rides at a water park. His 8 sister, Reina, rode half of the rides that Alberto rode. What fraction of the water rides did Reina not ride? Support your answer with a model.
5

31. RECIPES Lee is making oatmeal chocolate chip cookies and the recipe
3 2 calls for _ cup of chocolate chips. If she wants to make _ of the recipe,

what fraction of a cup of chocolate chips will she need? Justify your procedure.
32. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Use the bar diagram. a. WORDS Write a real-world problem represented by the bar diagram. b. MODELS Draw an area model to represent the situation. c. WORDS Explain how you would solve your problem.
33 BULLETIN BOARD Homeroom 101 and Homeroom 102 share a hallway
? $100

3 bulletin board. If Homeroom 101 uses _ of their half to display 5 artwork, what fraction of the bulletin board is used to display Homeroom 101s artwork? 2 34. MUSIC About _ of an orchestra is made 1 up of string instruments. If _ of the 5 string instruments are cellos, what fraction of the orchestra is made up of cellos? 3

Counterexample A counterexample is an example that shows why a statement is false.

35. REASONING State whether each statement is true or false. If the C statement is false, provide a counterexample. a. The product of two fractions that are each between 0 and 1 is also between 0 and 1. b. The product of a mixed number between 4 and 5 and a fraction between 0 and 1 is less than 4. c. The product of two mixed numbers that are each between 4 and 5 is between 16 and 25. 36. NUMBER SENSE If the product of two positive fractions a and b is _, 56 find three pairs of possible values for a and b.
15

37. CHALLENGE Is the product of two positive fractions that are each less than 1 also less than 1? Explain. 38.
a b c d a Justify why _ _ _ _ is equal to _. b c d e e
Lesson 2-2 Multiply Fractions

107

NGSSS Practice

MA.4.A.6.3, MA.6.A.1.2, MA.6.A.1.3

5 8

39. In a recent survey, _ of pet owners

40.

stated that they allow their pet to go 1 outside. Of these, _ allow their pet 3 outside without supervision. Which expression gives the fraction of the pet owners surveyed that allow their pet outside without supervision?
5 1 A. _ + _ 8 3 5 _ B. _ - 1 8 3 5 1 C. _ _ 8 3 5 1 D. _ _ 8 3

EXTENDED RESPONSE Four fifths of Terrences text messages are to his friends. One half of those messages are to his friend Bianca.

Part A Draw a model to represent the situation. Part B What fraction of Terrences text messages are to Bianca? Part C Explain how you solved the problem.

41. Scott is taking a dance class twice a week for 8 weeks. How many hours altogether will Scott have spent in dance class at the end of the 8 weeks?

Erins Dance Studio

3 hour classes 4

F. 6 hours G. 8 hours

H. 12 hours I. 16 hours

42. SATELLITES A main satellite sends a signal to each of two smaller satellites. If each of those two satellites sends a signal to each other and a signal back to the main satellite, determine the number of signals sent. (Lesson 2-1E)

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

1 43. 13 _ 3

(Lesson 2-1D)

5 44. 16 _ 6 3 4

3 45. _ 21 7

1 46. MEASUREMENT A game board measures 9_ inches by 11_ inches.

Estimate the area of the game board.

(Lesson 2-1B)

47. GASOLINE Benita spent $38.40 to fill up her gas tank. If she pumped 9 gallons of gasoline, is about $3, $3.50, or $4 a more reasonable estimate for the cost of each gallon of gasoline? (Lesson 1-3C) 48. DECORATING Selena is considering new carpeting for her living room. How many square feet of carpet will Selena need?
(Lesson 1-1E) 24.6 ft

16.3 ft

108

Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions

Multi-Part Lesson

2-2
PART

Multiply Fractions
A B

Main Idea
Multiply whole numbers by mixed numbers. Explain and justify the process of multiplying whole numbers and mixed numbers.

Multiply Whole Numbers by Mixed Numbers

1 5 inches by 5_ inches. What is 2 the area of the case?

MUSIC Genevieve is designing an insert to put into a CD case. She measured the case and it is

NGSSS
MA.6.A.1.1 Explain and justify procedures for multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals.

What do you need to find? the area of a CD case

Use an area model.

Shade a rectangle that is 5 units wide
5 2 units
1

glencoe.com

and 5 units long.

2
5 units

1 _

Find the total number of shaded units.

25 units

4 half-units 1 half-unit or 2 whole units

The area of the case is 27_ square inches.

1 2

and Apply
Find each product using models. Justify your procedure.
2 1. 3 2_ 5 1 2. 2 3_ 4 1 3. 5 3_ 6
Lesson 2-2 Multiply Fractions

109

Multi-Part Lesson

2-2
PART

Multiply Fractions
A B C

Main Idea
Multiply mixed numbers.

Multiply Mixed Numbers

ANATOMY The Atlantic Giant Squid has an eyeball that is about 12 times as large as the average human eyeball. If the average

NGSSS
MA.6.A.1.2 Multiply and divide fractions and decimals efficiently. MA.6.A.1.3 Solve realworld problems involving multiplication and division of fractions and decimals. Also addresses MA.6.A.1.1 and MA.6.A.5.3.

1 human eyeball is 1_ inches across, 4 how large is the Atlantic Giant Squids eyeball?

1. Write a multiplication expression that shows the size of the Atlantic Giant Squids eyeball.
1 2. Use repeated addition to find 12 1_.

glencoe.com

3. Write the multiplication expression from Exercise 1 using improper fractions. 4. Multiply the improper fractions from Exercise 3. How large is the Atlantic Giant Squids eyeball?

Multiply Mixed Numbers

To multiply mixed numbers, write the mixed numbers as improper fractions and then multiply as with fractions.

Multiply a Fraction and a Mixed Number

Find 1 1 3 .
1 Estimate Use compatible numbers. _ 2 = 1 2

_ _
3 4 4

3 1 1 7 _ 1_ = _ _ 3 3 4 17 =_ 34 7 =_ 12

3 7 Write 1_ as _. 4 4

Multiply. Simplify. Compare to the estimate.

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

1 2 a. _ 2_ 3 2 3 1 b. _ 3_ 8 3 1 1 c. 3_ _ 2 3

110

Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions

Multiply Mixed Numbers

8 3 15 7 1 _ _ 10 1_ 3_ = 8 3 8 3 15 10 =__ 8
4 5 5

Find 1 7 3 1 .

_ _

Write 1_ as _. Write 3_ as _.
7 8 15 8 1 3 10 3

3
1

Divide the numerator and denominator by 3 and by 2.

25 =_

4 1 = 6_ 4

Multiply. Simplify.

DAMS The Hoover Dam contains 4 million cubic yards of

1 _ 2

concrete. The Grand Coulee Dam, in Washington state, contains 2 2 times as much concrete. How much concrete does it contain?

_
3 2

Estimate 4 3 = 12

9 8 1 2 4_ 2_ = _ _ 3 2
3

3
4

Write the mixed numbers as improper fractions.

Real-World Link The Hoover Dam, located on the Arizona-Nevada border, contains enough concrete to pave a highway, 16 feet wide, from San Francisco to New York City.

9 8 =__ 2
1

3
1

Divide 9 and 3 by their GCF, 3. Then divide 8 and 2 by their GCF, 2. Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. Simplify.

1 1 12 = _ or 12 1

3 4 =__

There are 12 million cubic yards of concrete in the Grand Coulee Dam.
Check for Reasonableness 12 = 12

d. MEASUREMENT Mr. Wilkins is laying bricks to make a rectangular

3 1 patio. The area he is covering with bricks is 15_ feet by 9_ feet. 2 4 What is the area of the patio?

Examples 1 and 2
(pp. 110111)

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

3 1 1. _ 2_ 2 8 2 4 4. 1_ 2_ 3 7 1 2 2. 1_ _ 2 3 1 1 5. 2_ 4_ 7 5 4 3 4 3. 1_ 2_ 5 4 9 1 6. 1_ 1_ 3 10

Example 3
(p. 111)

1 COOKING A waffle recipe calls for 2_ cups of flour. If Chun wants to 1 make 1_ times the recipe, how much flour does he need? 2
Lesson 2-2 Multiply Fractions

111

= Step-by-Step Solutions begin on page R1. Extra Practice begins on page EP2.

Examples 1 and 2
(pp. 110111)

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

3 5 4 __ 11. 1 5 6 1 1 14. 1_ 1_ 3 4 5 1 _ 2_ 17. 4 2 6 1 1 8. _ 2_ 2 6 4 7 1 _ 3_ 12. 8 4 1 1 15. 3_ 3_ 5 6 3 2 _ 3_ 18. 6 3 10 3 5 9. _ 2_ 7 4 10. 1_ _ 8 5 3 5 13. _ 2_ 6 10 3 2 16. 3_ 2_ 4 5 3 5 19. 3_ 5_ 5 12

Example 3
(p. 111)

20. MEASUREMENT A reproduction of Claude Monets Water-Lilies has dimensions

1 1 34_ inches by 36_ inches. Find the area 2 2 of the painting.

21 FISH A carp can travel at a speed of

7 3_ miles per hour. At this rate, how 10 1 far can a carp travel in 2_ hours? 2

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

B
3 1 4 22. _ 2_ _ 4 2 5 2 1 2 24. 3_ 4_ 2_ 5 2 3 3 1 2 23. 1_ _ _ 2 3 5 5 1 1 25 _ 5_ 1_ 4 7 6

26. RUNNING Use the formula d = rt to find the distance d a long-distance

3 1 runner can run at a rate r of 9_ miles per hour for time t of 1_ hours. 2 4 9 10

27. ASTRONOMY Earth is about 92_ million

miles from the Sun. Use the table shown.

a. How far is Venus from the Sun? b. How far is Mars from the Sun? c. How far is Jupiter from the Sun? d. How far is Saturn from the Sun?

Planet

Approximate Number of Times as Far from the Sun as Earth

4 1 1_ 2 1 _ 5 4 1 _ 9 2 3 _

Venus Mars Jupiter

Saturn 28. FIND THE DATA Refer to the Data File on pages 25. Choose some data and write a real-world problem in which you would multiply mixed numbers. Then solve your problem.

3 ALGEBRA Evaluate each expression if a = 2 , b = 3 1 , and c = 1 . 3 2

29. ab
112

1 30. _c 2

31 bc

4 1 32. _a 8

Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions

33. OPEN ENDED Name two positive mixed numbers, each greater than 1 and less than 2, with a product greater than 1 and less than 2. 34. CHALLENGE Analyze each product in the table. a. Why is the first product less
3 than _? 4 3 to _? 4
First Factor
1 _ 2

Second Factor
3 _ 4 3 _ 4 3 _ 4

Product = = =
3 _ 8 4 8 3 _ 9 _

1
3 _ 2

b. Why is the second product equal c. Why is the third product greater
3 than _? 4

35. NUMBER SENSE Without multiplying,

1 2 determine whether the product 2_ _ 2 3 is located on the number line at point A, B, or C. Explain your reasoning.

36.

Summarize how to multiply mixed numbers.

NGSSS Practice

MA.4.A.6.3, MA.6.A.1.2, MA.6.A.1.3

3 4

37. Which number when multiplied by _

3 gives a product between _ and 1? 4 3 _ A. 0 C. 4 1 1 D. 1_ B. _ 4 4

38.

3 8 weeks. Each class will last 1_ hours. 4 How many hours will Ben have spent in guitar classes in 8 weeks?

GRIDDED RESPONSE Ben is taking guitar classes three times a week for

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

5 3 39. _ _ 7 4 2 1 40. _ _ 3 6

(Lesson 2-2B)

3 2 41. _ _ 8 5

1 4 42. _ _ 2 7

43. TREES The Palmers are planting trees along each side of their 52-foot-long driveway. There is 4 feet between each tree, and the trees are planted directly across from each other. How many trees do they need? (Lesson 2-1E)

Find each sum or difference. Write in simplest form.

4 1 44. _ + _ 5 3

(Lesson 0-4)

45.

3 1 _-_ 8 6

46.

6 1 _+_ 7 4

47.

9 1 _-_ 11 2

Lesson 2-2 Multiply Fractions

113

CHAPTE R

Mid-Chapter Check
(Lesson 2-1B)

Estimate each product.

1 1. _ 15 7 3 4 3. _ _ 7 5

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

3 1 13. _ _ 4 5 2 7 __ 15. 3 8 4 1 14. _ _ 6 7 5 5 2 16. _ _ 6

(Lesson 2-2B)

1 2. 26 _ 3 3 1 4. 4_ 2_ 8 4

5. CLOTHES A new shirt costs $14.99. If the

1 shirt is on sale for _ off its price, about 5 how much would you save? (Lesson 2-1B)

1 17. NGSSS PRACTICE A recipe calls for 2_ cups

of flour. If you triple the recipe, how much flour is needed? (Lesson 2-2D) A. 7 c
1 B. 7_ c 2

C. 8 c

1 D. 8_ c 2

Multiply. Write in simplest form.

2 6. 8 _ 5 5 _ 8. 5 6 3 7. _ 9 4 _ 12 9. 1 7

(Lesson 2-1D)

18. DOG FOOD A cup of dog food weighs

7 2 1_ ounces. A K9 dog eats 5_ cups of dog 8 3

food a day. How many ounces of dog food does the dog eat each day? (Lesson 2-2D)
19. NGSSS PRACTICE What is the area of the picture and frame shown? (Lesson 2-2D)

10. MEASUREMENT Find the area of the magnet shown. (Lesson 2-1D)
7 8 in.

7 4 in.

2 in. 11 3 in.
2

11. WEATHER In a recent year, the weather

4 was sunny _ of the days. Assuming there 5 are 365 days in a year, how many days were not sunny? (Lesson 2-1D)

12. FOOD Rosemaria wants to cut her sub into thirds. Find the length of each piece.
(Lesson 2-2B)
1 2 ft

12 5 G. 83_ square inches 6 1 H. 82_ square inches 2 1 I. 77_ square inches 6

7 F. 84_ square inches

20. CONSTRUCTION Corey needs 24 boards

1 that are 47_ inches long. 2

a. How many feet of boards should he buy? Explain. b. If you can only buy 8-foot boards, how many should he buy? Explain.
(Lesson 2-2D)

114

Chapter 2 Multiply and Divide Fractions