GAMBELLA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
TITLE: LAGA KEMEDI SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION PROJECT
HOSTING COMPANY: HORRO GUDURU WOLLEGA ZONE
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

BY: FIRAOL TAFESA

ID No: RNS - 0309/13
ADVISOR:- GIRMA TADESSE
DURATION OF INTERNSHIP: 4 MONTH (120 DAYS)

OCTOBER, 2024
GAMBELLA, ETHIOPIA
 ADVISOR APPROVAL LETTER
This is to certify that the internship report entitled “Laga kemedi small scale irrigation project”
is prepared by Firaol Tafesa under my guidance based on the regular reports that he/she/they had
submitted. I recommend this report to be submitted to the Gambella University College of
Engineering And Technology for an evaluation.
Advisor name .. sign .date
 EXAMINER APPROVAL LETTER
We, the undersigned examiners’ of this internship that report entitled “Laga Kemedi Small-
Scale Irrigation Project” have evaluated and approved the corrected version of the final report
as per the guideline of Gambella University College of Engineering and Technology.
1. Examiner Name Sign ..Date .
2. Examiner Name Sign ..Date
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DECLARATION
I am one of the Gambella University’s 5th year undergraduate students, department of
irrigation and water resource engineering. I started my internship after I completed the 3 and half
year theoretical courses in order to implement my theoretical knowledge into practical works.
Next I would like to thanks and appreciate my Supervisor Eng. Hunde Sori and other staff
members of Ho/gud Wollega Zone Irrigation Development Authority. I also would like to thank
my advisor Mr. Girma Tadesse, who give me more information at internship practice time and
division his knowledge (experience) that obtain from Gambella university. I observed the
irrigation structure treatment that was constructed and also constructing the canal through pass
water reach at command ear. The supervisor treats us with good ethics to improve our skill and
work with other worker to share their long time practical experience. Therefore, this internship
gave me a chance to words development of practical skill with in the allowed time.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Above all I thank my GOD for his peace and grace up on me during all my life including works.
Very special thank from my heart for my advisor Girma (MSc ) for giving important
information and guidance about the project by walking on his foot about 1 km away from the
district office to the site. I am also happy to thank Engineer Hunde Sori (MSc.) irrigation
engineering), who shared me information about geology of project site and about the final main
report paper writing. At last, but not least, I would like to thanks Gambella University for sharing
education for me for around three and half years in a class room theatrical and at the fourth year
second or 2nd semester he proposed internship program to obtain a good practical knowledge by
budgeting.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The aim of this report is to put in writing the work experience I had performed and the learning
attained from performing specific tasks while working in a professional environment. This
report is an outcome of the exercise I conducted during my internship period in Head work
structure at irrigation system. This was an opportunity for me to apply in practice the knowledge
I had acquired during the whole school life I spent especially after joining the higher education
level at Gambella University for three years and half. In the first part of my report, I briefly
described the backgrounds of my internship hosting companies including its brief history and
objective of the companies, its main products and services, its main customers, the overall
organization and work flow. The second part of my report briefly explains the overall internship
experience I gained during my practical periods. I started telling how I get into the company; in
which section of the company I have been working in and what the general work flow in the
project looks like. The procedures I have been using while performing my work tasks, are also
included in this part of the report. I tried to explain the step by step procedure how to design
head work srtuctural done during my internship program starting from go to the project site,
collect the relevant information, identify the strength and the weakness of the activities, discuss
on it, conclusion and recommendation used to construct structure such as weir, retaining wall,
canals wing wall, aprons, foot path, drops, cut off (piles), chutes, turn out and intake gate. All
these are site activities. The challenges that have faced me during the internship period and the
measures that I have taken are also covered in this report. The third part of my report explains
in detail about the overall benefits I gained from my internship in terms of improving my
practical skills, interpersonal communication skills, entrepreneurship, team playing skills,
leadership skills, upgrading my theoretical knowledge and work ethics. Finally, I included my
conclusions and recommendations for my company.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents. Page
DECLARATION...............................................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT...................................................................................................................................ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF FIGURE...........................................................................................................................................vii
ABBREVIATION..........................................................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
1. BACK GROUND OF THE HOSTING COMPANY...........................................................................................1
1.1 History of hosting Company..............................................................................................................1
1.2 Establishment....................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Overall organization and held work flow...........................................................................................2
1.3.1 Mission.......................................................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Vision..........................................................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Value...........................................................................................................................................3
1.3.4 Strategic objectives.....................................................................................................................4
1.3.4.1 Duty and responsibility of irrigation water supply core process..............................................4
1.3.4.2 Duty and responsibility of scheme management core process................................................4
1.3.4.3 Duty and community participation and stake holder core process.........................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................5
2.BACK GROUND OF THE PROJECT..............................................................................................................5
2 .1 Background of laga kemedi Irrigation Project...................................................................................5
2.2 Purpose of the EIA.............................................................................................................................5
2.3 Objectives........................................................................................................................................5
2.4 Project Area location and Accessibility..............................................................................................5
2.5 Project Activities................................................................................................................................5
2.6 Project Components..........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................7
3. GEOGRAPHY OF FEATURE........................................................................................................................7
3.1Physical Environment.........................................................................................................................7

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3.1.1 Topography.................................................................................................................................7
3.1.2 Climate........................................................................................................................................7
3.1.3 Soil..............................................................................................................................................7
3.1.4 Surface Water Sources................................................................................................................7
3.1.5 Water Quality.............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................8
THE HEAD WORK.........................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Water Resources...............................................................................................................................8
4.1.1 Lean flow........................................................................................................................................8
4.1.2 Design Flood...............................................................................................................................8
4.1.3 Tail Water Depth.........................................................................................................................8
4.1.4 Foundation conditions of Headwork Site....................................................................................8
4.2 Natural construction materials..........................................................................................................8
4.2.1 Rock for Masonry and Aggregate................................................................................................8
4.2.2 Sand...................................................................................................................................9
4.2.3 Water..........................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Design of Head work Structure..........................................................................................................9
4.3.1 General.......................................................................................................................................9
4.3.2 Type of the structure................................................................................................................10
4.3.3 Hydraulic design.......................................................................................................................10
4.3.4 Wing Wall Design....................................................................................................................11
4.3.5 Divide wall................................................................................................................................12
4.3.6 Design of Head regulator..........................................................................................................12
4.3.7 Design of Scouring Sluice Gate..................................................................................................13
4.3.8 Structural Design.....................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................................................15
IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM........................................................................................................15
5.1Definition of Irrigation......................................................................................................................15
5.2 Purpose of Irrigation........................................................................................................................15
5.3 Command Area................................................................................................................................15

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5.4 Canal................................................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER SEX.............................................................................................................................................17
6. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE AND BENEFITS................................................................................17
6.1 In Tern ship Experience....................................................................................................................17
6.1.1 The process of how to get in to the company...........................................................................17
6.2 Over All Benefits..............................................................................................................................17
6.2.1 Practical skill.............................................................................................................................17
6.2.2 Understanding about work ethics related issues......................................................................18
6.2.3 Entrepreneurial skills................................................................................................................18
7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................20
7.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................20
7.2 recommendation.............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................21
Appendix...............................................................................................................................................22

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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1. 1The overall organization and head work flow................................................................4
Figure 4. 1Design of head work structuree .. .13
Figure 4. 2Sluice Gate...................................................................................................................18

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ABBREVIATION
 Cm- Centimeter
 Ha- Hectare
 M- Meter
 HO/GUD WZIDA- Horro guduru wollega zone irrigation development authority
 HO/GUD WWMEO- Horro guduru Wollega Water, Mineral and Energy Office
 FIG- Figure
 BSc-Bachelor of science
 M.Sc- Master in science

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CHAPTER ONE
1. BACK GROUND OF THE HOSTING COMPANY
1.1 History of hosting Company
The history development of the current name of Oromia Regional state of ho/gud Wollega Zone
irrigation development Authority company is not continuous and raise up in double direction but
in a gradually process it continuous and raise up through which under different sectors at
different times.
In 1986 E.C a broad sectors was established including different sectors at Shambu town in which
as general name Western Oromia Regional state, ho/gud Wollega zone natural resource and
Environmental Protection established.
These sectors are works with on six (6) zones. Thus are: ho/gud Wollega Zone, Jimma Zone,
West Wollega Zone Kellam Wollega Zone, Ilu- Abba Bor Zone and East Wollega zone
including different sectors of water, mineral, Energy, land, forest, irrigation development, water
work design and construction, water supply and treatment, and dangerous prevention are the
main sectors included in the western Oromia regional state ho/gud Wollega zone Natural
Resources and Environmental protection.
During that time Irrigation Development has to survive as one sector on its own responsibility
and strategies for gives services in the above zone, but controlled by Natural Resources and
Environmental protection bureaus.
Ho/gud Wollega zone Natural Resources and Environmental protection continued from 1986-
1988 by giving different services for all six (6) zones according to its own principles under
sectors.
After 1988 - 1990 E.C another new sector established to separate from natural resources &
environmental protection. These new sectors are called as Water, Mineral and Energy bureaus by
formal of ho/gud Wollega zone Water Mineral and Energy bureaus are established. During that
period, irrigation development Authority has to survive as one sector of the others on its own
services and responsibility of its work.
In 1991- 1992 E.C. the three independent sectors are established, those sectors are:
1. Western Oromia Regional state, ho/gud Wollega Zone, Water, mineral and energy office.
2. Western Oromia Regional State, ho/gud Wollega zone irrigation development office
3. Western Oromia regional state hor/gud Wollega zone water works construction & design
control office.
After 1991-1996 E.C the one class of this division; which is called the western Oromia regional
state, ho/gud Wollega Zone irrigation development Authority work with water resources
(Oromia water resources) Bureaus gives services for all six (6) zones at the venue (place ) of
center location is shambu town.

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1.2 Establishment
Establishment established as a public organization on September 2006 E.C with regulation
number 66/2006 of the regional state of Oromia aimed in accordance with Article no 87 and
public enter proclamation no 16/ 1997 of regional state.

The enterprise was established with the primary objective of assisting the efforts being made by
the Oromia Regional state to increase food security by modern irrigation aspects and to provide
excess water supply to use the natural water resources effectively for irrigation purpose in such
manner that it speed up the over- all socio- economic development of the zone in particular and
the region and country general.

1.3 Overall organization and held work flow

The Oromia Regional state of hor/gud Wollega Zone, Irrigation Development Authority over all
the organization (or company ) is established September 2006 E. C independently with its own
mission, vision, value, objective plan with strategies. This organization composed of different
experts those experts are Engineers, surveyors, hydrologists, Agronomists, geologists,
peodologist and sociologist, and organization and management multidisciplinary groups of
experts are included under takes the study and design of the project in a multidisciplinary
approaches

Table1. Existing Professionals in HO/GUD WZIDA

Professionals Quantity Educational level

Engineers 3 B.sc
Surveyors 2 B.sc
Hydrologists 1 B.sc
Agronomists 1 B.sc
Geologists 1 B.sc
Peodologists 1 B.sc
Sociologists 1 B.sc

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Ho/gud wollega zone irrigation development authority.

Team process
Budget and plan

Human resource Budge and

Irrigation and Agricultural Schema Community
water supply management section
extension Administration participation
Figure 1. 1The overall organization and head work flow
Ho/gud Wollega zone irrigation development Authority is engaged in different duties,
responsibility and mandate this office execute irrigation water supply, irrigation schema,
management and contract administration of irrigation, expanding extension service in irrigation
agronomy, scaling up best practice gained from utilization of input technology in irrigation
agronomy additionally promote farmers (peasants ) participation operation maintenance and
management of irrigation scheme.
Ho/gud wollega zone irrigation Development Authority gives technical support and has close
organization relationship with 17 districts (woredas). Also at organization level the company has
its own mission vision values and strategic objects.
1.3.1 Mission
To advance the life style of community through identifying water resources for irrigation from
surface and underground source by providing sustainable irrigation water, expanding extension
service in irrigation agronomy and promote farmers (peasant) participation in operation,
maintenance and management of irrigation scheme.
1.3.2 Vision
Profiling sustainable irrigation water, expanding extension service in irrigation agronomy,
scaling up best practice gained from utilization of input technology in irrigation agronomy and
promoting formers participation in operation, maintenance and management of irrigation schema
operation, maintenance and management of irrigation scheme.
1.3.3 Value
 responsibility
 transparency
 effectiveness and efficiency
 respect social norms
 ready for change

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Company manager
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1.3.4 Strategic objectives

 managing water resource both surface and underground used for irrigation
 providing sustainable irrigation water
 managing irrigation schema in proper manner
 expanding extension service in irrigation agronomy
Ho/gud Wellega zone irrigation Development authority is integrated with different core
process team. These are:
 irrigation water supply core process
 scheme management and contract administration core process
 irrigation agronomy extension core process
 community participation & stake holder core process
Each process team (owner) has their own duty and responsibility.
1.3.4.1 Duty and responsibility of irrigation water supply core process
A. identification study of water resource ( river) for small scale irrigation
B. Feasibility study of small scale irrigation that incorporate field investigation and survey,
soil and land suitability, climate and hydrological survey, geology and geo- technical
survey, agricultural development investigation, EIA and catchment management plan,
Engineering design, socio economy study, organization and management of the scheme,
topography survey, data analysis feasibility evaluation, topographic and soil mapping
draft feasibility and preliminary design report preparation, final feasibility and detail
design report preparation.
C. Construction supervision of small scale irrigation project.
D. Contract administration of water supply construction project.
1.3.4.2 Duty and responsibility of scheme management core process
A. carried out project hand over after completion
B. preparing operation and maintenance manual of completed irrigation project
C. Preparing as built drawing of completed irrigation project
D. Reporting agricultural development place
E. Study and design of maintenance document of irrigation project
F. Rehabilitation and expansion of irrigation scheme
G. Facilitate purchasing of input technology such as motor pump and treadle pump.
1.3.4.3 Duty and community participation and stake holder core process
A. Establish new irrigation water users association
B. Strengthen existing irrigation water users association
C. Providing training on community participation in irrigation activity. Q
D. Legalized existing irrigation water users association
E. Enhancing community participation during feasibility study
F. Enhancing community participation in irrigation scheme management
G. Enhancing community participation in can clearance maintenance of head work of providing
construction material during maintenance.
H. Enhancing community participation in construction of new traditional irrigation scheme.

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CHAPTER TWO
2.BACK GROUND OF THE PROJECT
2 .1 Background of laga kemedi Irrigation Project
In line with government development strategic direction and policy focus for agriculture, Gebo
irrigation project was identified for feasibility and design study
The importance of irrigation projects have been increasingly recognized as one of the strategies
of the country to enhance food-self-sufficiency and ensure food security at national level. Laga
kemedi small scale irrigation project is one of such projects proposed for study and design in
Ho/gud Wellega Zone of Oromia National Regional State, to improve the socio-economic
conditions and the general livelihood and living standard of the people.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has become an integral part of water resource
development projects.

2.2 Purpose of the EIA

The purpose of the overall assignment is to carry out an environmental impact assessment of the
proposed Laga kemedi Small Scale Irrigation Project and to prepare Environmental Impact
assessment report.

2.3 Objectives
The general objective of the environmental assessment of the project is to ensure its
environmental sustainability through eliminating or minimizing possible negative impacts by
using appropriate mitigation measures in the project design, construction and operation phases.

2.4 Project Area location and Accessibility

Gebo irrigation Project is located in abayi choman Woreda in Ho/gud Wollega Zone of Oromia
National Regional State. It is located at 72 km from the woreda capital, Shambu town in west
direction along the Gibbi road for 58 km on asphalt road and the remaining 14 km with gravel
road to the north direction to the planned diversion point of the river. The command area which
covers about 50hectare is found in north side bank of Laga kemedi River that drains to the fincha
river

2.5 Project Activities

There are a wide variety of irrigation projects activities depending upon the source of water and
the technologies associated with water harvesting, storage, conveyance and distribution. In
general, the proposed irrigation project includes major interventions such as diversion of Laga
kemedi River for irrigation source water, conveyance and distribution of irrigation water by
open channels, application system of irrigation water by means of gravity, irrigation scheme
preparation, drainage of used water by means of open system, construction activities (land
clearing, excavation, extracting, filling, compacting, water way crossing, construction facilities),
land leveling work, crop production and operation and maintenance works.

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2.6 Project Components

The proposed irrigation project uses gravity irrigation and it comprises different components that
include: diversion weir to be constructed on Laga kemedi River, main canal, secondary canals,
tertiary, canals and field canals.

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CHAPTER THREE
3. GEOGRAPHY OF FEATURE
This section describes the existing environmental features of the project area based on primary as
well as secondary data collected from different sources. The environmental setting of the
proposed project area is described under three main headings of physical environment, biological
environment, and socio-economic environment.

3.1Physical Environment
3.1.1 Topography
The topography of proposed project area is relatively flat with very small inclination to the
riverbank. The command area is found at the north side bank of the Laga kemedi River. The
catchment is covered by relatively good grasses land. The topography of the command area is
suitable for irrigation development.
3.1.2 Climate
Agro-climatically, the area is characterized as sub-tropical (Weina Dega). As other western parts
of the area, the rain fall of the project area is mainly influenced by Inter-Tropical Convergence
Zone (ITCZ). This zone of low pressure marks the convergence of dry tropical easterlies and the
moist equatorial westerly. The rainfall pattern of the project area is characterized by mono modal
type.
3.1.3 Soil
The data from Abayi choman Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development Office indicates that
the dominant soil of the project area is Dystric Nitosol soil.
3.1.4 Surface Water Sources
The major perennial rivers occurring in vicinity of the project area include Dimitu, Gebo, Misiro,
Wadessa and Jirma. Laga kemedi River is originated from choman area and flows to fincha
River and then dam of fincha river. Currently, the river is give any irrigation activities in close
proximity distance of the command area.
3.1.5 Water Quality
Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. It is a measure of
the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any
human need or purpose such as drinking water supply and irrigation. It is most frequently used
by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. Water sampling and
quality analyses have been carried out for the irrigation water by taking sample from Laga
kemedi River at diversion weir.

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CHAPTER FOUR
THE HEAD WORK
4.1 Water Resources
4.1.1 Lean flow
The source of water for the scheme is the Laga kemedi River. And lean flow is the most
important water resource factor in study and design of irrigation projects. The river under study
has no flow record data hence flow was measured by floating method during study time on Feb,
2013.and found to be 184 l/sec .By using this measurements and flow was synthesized for the
other month and corrected. Accordingly, minimum lean flow of 138 l/sec is found for the month
of January more over water balance analysis was conducted by allowing 10% of flow for
downstream release and no deficient is observed (source hydrology report).
From hydrologic information, no storage is required to develop 31.00ha of land.
4.1.2 Design Flood
For design of small scale irrigation project, head work structure (diversion Barrage) a return
period of 50 yrs is adopted. As per the hydrologic report of this study, design flood is calculated
by different methods and the value of 72 m3/sec is recommended. Hence this value is adopted for
head work structure and protection work design.
4.1.3 Tail Water Depth
The rating curve is developed for Laga kemedi Project at selected weir site using Hecras
Software. The surveyed top data and the output from hydrological study are used as input.
Hence, tail water elevation at 72m3/sec design discharge is 1276.40 masl, or 2.2m above bed
level. Moreover the flood mark is located at elevation of 1276.40m.
4.1.4 Foundation conditions of Headwork Site
The foundation across the river channel at place where head work site selected is as follow. With
pit excavations at bank show that the top 50cm top layer is silt and from 0.5m to 1.8m is red clay
and the fresh rock can be reached at reasonably shallow depth greater than 3.0m from river
bank(source: Client). The headwork site is in general in such condition that the structure should
be checked for piping problem as critical in addition to other critical points.
The geology of the head work site shows as the sound foundation is found at 1.0 to 2.0m from
river bed. Hence to keep the existing river bed level safe to divert the flow in to intake of main
canal we recommend removing the most top 1.5m-2.0m bed materials and replace by selected
materials.

4.2 Natural construction materials

The location of construction materials has impact on the cost of the project. For this project the
location of the construction materials are as follow.
4.2.1 Rock for Masonry and Aggregate
The nearby rock source for masonry and aggregate is found at total distance of 22km

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4.2.2 Sand
Nearby sand sources for the project is located at the downstream reach of fincha River, it is just
about 6km south of the Laga kemedi project site.
4.2.3 Water
Laga kemedi River is the source of water.

4.3 Design of Head work Structure

4.3.1 General
To utilize the available resources for this scheme development, Barrage is proposed. The reason
for proposing the barrage is that the height the headwork structure required to irrigate the
elevated point in command area is 3.0m.

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Figure 4. 1. Design of head work structure

4.3.2 Type of the structure

For selecting construction materials, among others the following factors are considered.
 Type of construction materials available at or near by construction site.
 The hydrological characteristics of the river: the type and size of bed materials
transported by the river during its high flood.
 The foundation condition of the weir site.
 Availability of skilled and unskilled labour
Based on these factors and others, combination of masonry barrier coping with 20cm thick C25
(1:2:3) and a number of sliding gates as shutter is selected.
4.3.3 Hydraulic design

Fixing Height of Structure

To fix the height of structure several factors mainly the highest elevated point in command area,
water depth required in canal, slope and length of canals, head loss at different points in system
and average elevation of river bed at selected headword site are thus considered as follows:
Table 4-2: Height of Barrage
Description Unit Qty
Highest elevated point in the command area M 1276.00
Water depth required for the elevated command area M 0.15
Head Loss:
Head loss across head regulator M 0.10
Length, L of MC from head regulator to the highest Elevated Point M 1490.4
Bed slope of the main canal, S m/m 0.00050
Head loss along the main canal = S*L M 0.75
Head loss at turnout M 0.10
Total head loss M 0.95
Free board/driving head M 0.10
Average riverbed elevation at selected Headwork axis M 1274.20
Therefore,
crest level M 1277.10
Crest height, h M 3.00
Adopt Crest Highest of M 3
Therefore, crested head M 1277.20

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Crest Length of the Weir

The crest length of the structure is
determined based on the physical
characteristics of the selected site and the
width of the existing waterway.
A structure with a long crest gives a small
discharge per unit length and hence, the
required energy dissipater per meter of the
crest width is smaller than what is needed
for a shorter crest length. A crests longer
than maximum wetted river width causes
formation of islands at upstream side of
the structure. The formation of island
upstream of the structure reduces the effective length of the crest (part of the structure less
effective in passing the flood).
Lacey’s Regime Perimeter (P) = 4.75*√Q
From Hydrology Report, Q 50 year = 72m3/s

Therefore, Lacey’s Regime Perimeter (P) =40.3m

During the physical field observations the weir crest length, the perpendicular dis

Dimentions of the section weir

Width of Structure
According to the Blight’s formula, the basic section of the structure body can be determined the
follows:
Top width
Bt = He/√ (G-1) =0.59 m, but adopt 1.0m. This top width for section having 3.0m, but top width
= 1+1 =2.0m for section with 2.0m height, see drawing album.
Slope:
Adopt vertical slope for upstream section and 1:1 for the downstream part
Bottom width
Bb = (h+ H e)/√ (G-1)
Where: - h – Height of the
weir above the riverbed
(m).
He – Maximum
Depth of water over the
crest (m).
G – Specific gravity of the Masonry material is (2.2).
Bb = 3.12m, adopt 4.0m.

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4.3.4 Wing Wall Design

Sufficient freeboard should be provided for u/s and d/s wing walls in order to protect the wall
and embankments from being overtopped by surges, splash and spray, and wave action setup by
the turbulence of hydraulic jump, and not to allow high flood water to bypass the structure. The
common practice in the design of wall is adopted for this project, assign tentative dimensions.
A) Dimension of the u/s Wing Wall
U/s Height of wing wall= h+He+ Fb
Where: h is height of weir, = 3.0m
He is Total flow head over the crest of the weir, = 0.70m
Fb is freeboard, = 0.4m
Therefore, U/s Height of wing wall = 4.1m
Top Width = 0.5m
Bottom width = 1.87m
Foundation depth = 1.0m
B) Dimension of the d/s Wall
D/s Wing Wall Height = TWD+ Fb
Where: TWD is Tail Water depth = 2.20m
Fb is freeboard = 0.3m
Therefore, D/s Height of wing wall= 2.5m
Top Width = 0.5m
Bottom width = 1.33m
Foundation depth = 1.0m
4.3.5 Divide wall
Divide wall was provided between under sluices and spillway dividing the diversion of structure
into two portions i.e. under sluices portion and Barrage portion. The main functions of divide
walls are:
 To separate the turbulent flood water from the pocket in front of canal sluice
 To check parallel flow that would be caused by the formation of deep channels
leading from the river to the pocket in front of the sluices
The length of walls on upstream should extend beyond the upstream end of the head regulators.
The divide wall extends up to upstream up to upstream cutoff and in downstream up to the toe of
structure. 50m thickness and 4.1m height wall above river bed are proposed to be constructed
4.3.6 Design of Head regulator
The command area lies on the right bank of the river and hence, only one head regulator was
design. The axis of canal outlet is proposed to take off at an angle of 90 o with headwork axis. A
rectangular and square section conduit with 20cm reinforced concrete slab of 0.8m width by
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0.60m height opening size was proposed. The amount of flow is controlled by the gate opening
height.
The flow through the canal head regulators is supposed to be orifice flow and its design is carried
out using Orifice formula given by:

Q=CA 2 gh
Where
Q - Is the discharge through the intake =0.177m3/s, but the required discharge is 0.166m3/s
C- Discharge coefficient for square rounded box culvert
 0.50
 0.0045L 
C   1  0 .4 R 0 . 3 
 R 1.25 
A Cross sectional area of the gate opening;
h- Working head
Thus, by proposing intake section (h & b), A, P & R were calculated and then C. Then using
Orifice formula, h related to main canal discharge (Q=Net Irrigable Area* Duty) and proposed
intake section was estimated as follows:
The following dimensions of intake were proposed:
h = 0.4m
b = 0.65m
A=0.26m2
P = 1.45m
R = 0.18
L = 6m
Therefore, using the above formula, C = 0.83
4.3.7 Design of Scouring Sluice Gate

Figure 4. 2sluice Gate

The function of the under sluice is to prevent high sediment loads entering the canal Off-takes.
The under sluice dimension/capacity have fixed to pass the maximum of 10% to 20% of high
flood discharge & 5 times main canal capacity. However, since ten sliding gates are provided on
barrage structure, we recommend using single gate of size 1.0m*1.0m which a capacity of
passing 5.0% of design flood, i.e. 3.6m3/s.
Under sluice are proposed to be provided at the right end of structure from where canal take off
near head regulator. The bottom the sluice is fixed 0.3m above the river bed, i.e. = 1274.5m. .The
width of the water ways is proposed to be 1m. The under sluices are provide with opening of 1m
width by 1.0m height. Under
sluice are proposed to be
provided at the right end of
structure from where canal
take off near head

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regulator. The bottom the sluice is fixed 0.3m above the river bed, i.e. = 1274.5m. .The width of
the water ways is proposed to be 1m. The under sluices are provide with opening of 1m width by
1.0m height.
Discharge and velocity through scouring sluice for High Flood Level condition
When upstream water level is at highest flood elevation i.e. about 1277.90 and downstream tail
water level is also at highest flood elevation of 1276.50m and the bottom level of the gate is
1274.50m. However, since the driving head is high, the bottom of gate is not submerged.
Therefore, still the scouring sluices are working as free orifice and the same formula is used for
computing the discharge and velocity through orifice.
Q C d Leff d 2 g h
Where,
Q = Discharge through under-sluices
Cd = coefficient of discharge = 0.75
Left= effective leaner water way =1.00
h = head above center of opening orifice = 3.3m
d = width of under-sluices opening = 1.00
Q C d x A 2 gh C d x Le ff x d 2 gh
=
Q = 4.90m /s > Qs = 3.6m3/s
3

V C d 2 gh
V 4.9m / s  Vc 1.85m / s
It is proposed to provide vertical sliding steel gate of rectangular shape supported by guiding
systems which enables the gate to be operated vertically in its own plane.
4.3.8 Structural Design

I) Stability analysis of the weir

For the structure to be remained stable the following conditions must be fulfilled.The structure
must safe against sliding, overturning and resultant force must lie within middle third and there
should not be tension under the base .The maximum toe and heel pressures on foundations
should not exceed the prescribed safe limits. The Barrage wall proposed to be constructed from
stone masonry covered by 20cm thick C25 (1:2:3).
The barrage has two sections:
i. Top width = 1.0m, Bottom width =4.0m, height =3.0m, vertical upstream and 1:1
downstream slope
ii. Top width = 2.0m, Bottom width =4.0m, height =2.0m, vertical upstream and 1:1
downstream slope (section on which gates install).
Apron length and thickness, the impervious apron was checked for uplift pressure/piping. And
the barrage have to be checked against externals forces for both sections to decide whether the
dimensions adopted from design based on hydraulic criteria is sufficient from structural stability
point of view or not. The stability of the weir was checked for two conditions i.e. for of high
flood level and pond Level conditions.

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The external forces considered on stability of the weir body analysis are:
• The hydrostatic pressure up stream of weir,
• Uplift water pressure
• Tail water pressure,
• Self-weight of the weir
•The weight of water wedges and
• The silt is pressure and etc

CHAPTER FIVE
IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
5.1Definition of Irrigation
Irrigation may be defined as the process of supplying water to land by artificial means for the
purpose of cultivation.
It is the Engineering of controlling and harnessing the various natural source of water, by
construction of dam, weir, reservoir, canal, diversion head work and finally distributing the water
to the command area or agriculture field also, irrigation is the science of cortical application of
water to the land, in accordance with the crop requirements throughout the crop period for full
nourishment of the crop.

5.2 Purpose of Irrigation

 To wet the dry land remove ( peak out ) drought
 To increase crop yield
 To increase in food production

 To supplement the natural supply of water to land.q

To obtain an optimum yield from the grown on the land

5.3 Command Area

The command area is dictated by the topographical features like natural drainage, foot hill etc. It
also depends on the proposed Full Supply Level (FSL) of the canal. For laga kemedi Irrigation
Project the command boundary is delineated between village and the River. The actual
delineation of the net irrigable command area after the detailed topographic maps is also found to
be 100 ha.

5.4 Canal
. Definitions
Canal is a line through which recommended discharge flow to the command area (field). Is a
way through which diverted discharge flow to the field. Canal design depends on base flow of
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the river (flow at dry season), command area. Canal can be pipe canal or open canal depending
on purposes.
The introduction of modern irrigation scheme should strive for high efficiency of water
distribution and application on the farms. This can be achieved through provision of appropriate
irrigation structures in the system.
They should be designed as simply as possible to be operated by the farmers. The structures are
made of masonry and/or concrete. Hence the analysis made for sizing of appropriate structures.
A minimum 1.5m length of cemented stone pitching is provided as a protection at the inlet and
outlet

The main canal is proposed for irrigation on right side of the river. After the survey of
command area, figure: 5 canal

For distribution of water to fields of cultivators network of distribution system is planned which
consists of the following:
 Secondary and field canals off taking from the primary canal,
 Field canals also taking off from tertiary canals that off take water from secondary canal.
After finalization of alignment the total length and proposed command area for irrigation is
worked out,

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CHAPTER SEX
6. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE AND BENEFITS
6.1 In Tern ship Experience
The ridership program is aimed for the students to have practical knowledge about what they
lean and how really look like the real world beside the theory, and it helps the students to
interpreter their theoretically knowledge in to actual practical work.
6.1.1 The process of how to get in to the company
At the beginning in Jun 12/07 E.C Received the requesting internship place of letter from the
Head department of Water resource irrigation Engineering Mr.Doup Row. And I would think
where place (region) company is suitable for me in all direction for to survive and obtain good
achievement and progress in the project site.
After all, I gathering information from different friends class mates and exporters regarding on
that condition then I went to Ho/gud Wollega zone irrigation Development Authority head
office (company manager) requesting the letter and introduce myself where in come from and
what department (extreme) is learned.
After accepts my message or idea he read the requesting letter and asking me oral questions and
the more the other letter o trainee consultant (supervisor) then the trainee consultant give me the
internship acceptance form.
After; I received the internship acceptance letter. I come to Gambella University and stay for
four months or one semester in learning time and I come to one internship practice starting from
February 7/07 to June 30/2024.EC.
The company name in which section I working in the Oromia Regional state is known as Ho/gud
Wolleg Zone Irrigation Development Authority.

6.2 Over All Benefits

6.2.1 Practical skill
Practical skill is very important parts in the ways of learning process, Because leaning without
practice is value less (meaning less)
The overall practical skill benefits I obtained are:-
a. It helps to know the reality of the theoretical one.
b. It helps to build and improve my experience
c. It helps to how to supervise a construction site and how to take measure when the
challenges ( problems occurs)

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d. Able to see what diversion head work means, its purpose the reason why constructed
diversion head work across the river, principles of actual site selection, the one(1) peak
points on the location (place) of diversion head work and components of diversion head
works of Gebo irrigation project .
e. Able to see description of works (construction activities).
f. Able to see how construction materials are arranged and controlled.
g. Able to see irrigation system layout of Laga kemedi project .Able to see the type or
method of irrigation project.
h. Laga kemedi irrigation project etc.
6.2.2 Understanding about work ethics related issues
The work ethics related issues I would understanding and obtain (get) benefits are:-
 Honesty or trust worthy
 Responsibility
 Accountability ( Accountable )
 Respecting and accepting others
 Tolerance and transparent
 Awareness and sovereignty
 Obligation
 Discipline
 Secularism (separation of government and religious)
 Follow Schedule (time) etc.
6.2.3 Entrepreneurial skills
Entrepreneur is person organize a commercial under taking. This action is usually occurs around
the project site area and a company organization office.
The objective of entrepreneur skill I obtain benefits the internship practices are:-
 Arresting and controlling of materials that found in the company
 Time keeper
 Site manager and project manager
 Store keeper

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 Construction supervisor and site administration

 Assistant engineer and site engineer
 Communicate promoter
 Daily laborers etc.

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CHAPTER SEVEN

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Conclusions
Laga kemedi Diversion irrigation project is found in Oromia Regional state, Ho/gud wolega
administrative Zone, Abbayi Choman Woreda. It can be reached from Zonal capital, Shambu, by
all weather a road of about 72 km and 58km from Abbayi Choman woreda town. The project is
located at Latitude-1006340 (UTM) Northing, Longitude-192900 (UTM) Easting and Altitude of
about 1275 masl.
The purpose of this report is to assess the headwork and irrigation structures study and design work and
to present the findings. Hence, it discusses the findings of the field visit and the study and analysis of
hydraulic and structural design. The major engineering components of project are diversion structure
barrage with intake, drainage culverts, division box, drop structure, off takes, canals, and drains. It is
designed to command irrigable area of 31.0ha. And the total cost of the headwork and irrigation
infrastructure including approximately cost is 7,523,929.00 Birr. The viability of the project is valuated
based on financial & economic analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the project is viable in all
of the viability measures of criteria. On top of this, sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying
important variables. It was found that the project could remain viable under all the sensitivity tests

7.2 recommendation
During the Laga kemedi small scale of irrigation project construction are as follow.
 The company should have enough transport service in order to fulfill all activities with
identified schedule and budget distributed for the project.
 Also it is necessary to have the required materials and equipment in order to work with
technology standardized.
 The designer should have design properly before any construction is started.
 The stand and consider only on their own desire to be a profitable but they do not give
shit for the other people special for interns.
 Environmental impact assessment should be considered before the construction has taken
place.
 The canals must be constructed in concrete and masonry cement rather by earthen canals.

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REFERENCE
Handout
Different irrigation books
Internet
Laga kemedi small scale irrigation document

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Appendix

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