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6 views4 pages

Written Assignment Unit Four

XFGHZXFGHXFH

Uploaded by

kuyembehj05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Farahnaz Fazl

Title: Written Assignment Unit Four

Date: October 2, 2024

Understanding IPv4 Addressing

Today, IPv4 addresses are an integral part of our daily interactions, especially as many

technological devices like smartphones and tablets connect to the internet using this addressing

system. This section categorizes the various types of IPv4 addresses and explains how they are

configured in organizations and ISPs. Despite the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, techniques like

Network Address Translation (NAT) have prolonged its use. However, as the transition to IPv6

continues, it's essential to understand and work with IPv4. (Rayka, n.d.)

Types of IPv4 Addresses

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number formatted as X.Y.Z.M, where each segment (X, Y, Z, M) is

an 8-bit value ranging from 0 to 255. Therefore, the first IPv4 address is 0.0.0.0, and the last is

255.255.255.255. Each node on the internet has a unique IP address, and all traffic sent from one

source to a destination includes both source and destination addresses.


IPv4 addresses can be categorized into three main types: Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast, each

differing by the type and number of destinations. (Rayka, n.d.)

 Unicast Address: This type points to a specific and unique node.

 Multicast Address: This address can refer to multiple nodes, which may change

dynamically. For instance, all nodes requesting a specific stream (like a live video) share

a Multicast address. The range for Multicast addresses is 224.x.x.x to 239.x.x.x.

 Broadcast Address: This is used to send traffic to all nodes within a network. There are

two types of Broadcast addresses:

 Limited Broadcast: Sending traffic to all nodes within the local network uses the address

255.255.255.255, which does not pass through routers (e.g., DHCP traffic).

Directed Broadcast: This sends traffic to all nodes in a specified network. For example, to send

traffic to all nodes in the network 192.168.1.0/24, the Directed Broadcast address would be

192.168.1.255, which can pass through routers if permitted. (Rayka, n.d.)

Private and Public Addresses

As mentioned, Unicast addresses can be further divided into Private and Public addresses. Due to

the limited number of IPv4 addresses compared to the global number of nodes, it is impossible to

assign a unique address to every node worldwide. To address this issue, Private address ranges
were introduced. Nodes limited to specific organizations can use these Private addresses without

conflicts, as their communications do not extend beyond their local network. (Rayka, n.d.)

The ranges for Private addresses are:

 10.x.x.x

 172.16.x.x to 172.31.x.x

 192.168.x.x

All organizations can utilize these ranges for internal communications, preventing the wastage of

unique addresses. Nodes requiring unique addresses on the internet use Public addresses, which

are globally unique and managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Internet

service providers typically assign Public addresses to their services. Additionally, there are other

types of addresses, such as APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing), which fall within the

range of 169.254.x.x. If a device does not have a static address and cannot obtain an IP address

via DHCP, it automatically selects a random address from the APIPA range. To ensure this

address is unique on the same link, it uses ARP before assigning it. (Rayka, n.d.)

Purpose Unique Address Range Address Range Address Type

Automatic addressing without Link 169.254.x.x APIPA

DHCP

Internal addressing to avoid Organization 10.x.x.x, 172.16.x.x-172.31.x.x, 192.168.x.x Private

wastage

Internet-level addressing Internet All other addresses (except reserved) Public


References

 Rayka. (n.d.). *200 ‫ مروری بر آدرس‌دهی‬IPv4*. Retrieved from https://www.rayka-

co.ir/blog/235-ipv4/200-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-

%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D9%87%DB

%8C-ipv4

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