Department of Education

11 National Capital Region

S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 2
Circles

Writer: Farolito S. Arbiol Jr. (MSHS)

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It will help
you master the Circles. The scope of this module is to define a circle and
determine the standard form of equation of a circle.

The Mall of Asia’s

Eye is Philippines’s giant
Ferris wheel which can be
found at the SM Mall of
Asia’s Amusement Park in
Pasay City. It is the same
with the giant ferris wheel
in London and Singapore.
The giant ferris wheel at
SM Mall of Asia is the
largest ferris wheel in the
Philippines. It is 160-ft
high with a diameter of 55
meters. It has 42 cabins in
all where 36 are regular
cabins and six are VIP
cabins that is fully air-
conditioned. A giant ferris wheel is a circle Wikimedia Commons
where it serves as the locus of all points equidistant from a central
point.

The module is divided into two (2) lessons, namely:

Lesson 1. The Definition of Circle

Lesson 2. The Standard Equation of Circle

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define a circle;
2. review the parts of a circle;
3. determine the standard form of equation of a circle;
4. convert the standard form of equation of a circle and vice versa.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Know
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the area defined by two radii and arc of a circle?

a. sector b. secant c. tangent d. radius

2. What is the best example of a great circle?

a. Arctic Circle c. tropic of Capricorn

b. tropic of Cancer d. equator

3. What is the tangent drawn to a circle that the radius at the point
where they meet?

a. equal b. parallel c. opposite d. perpendicular

4. What is the part of the circumference of a circle?

a. chord b. secant c. arc d. radius

5. What is the area of a circle between an arc and a chord?

a. radius b. secant c. arc d. segment

6. What is the general form of the equation of a circle?

a. x 2 + y 2 + ax + bx + c = 0 c. x 2 + y 2 + ay + bx + c = 0
b. x 2 + y 2 + ax + bx - c = 0 d. x 2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0

7. Given the equation of a circle 4 x 2  4 y 2  16 x  24 y  36  0; what

is the center?

a.  2,-3  b.  -2,-3  c.  -2,3  d.  2,2

8. What is the radius of the circle having an equation

x 2 + 4x + y 2 - 6y =12 ?

a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
9. A line in the same plane as a circle that intersects the circle at

exactly one point is called ________?

a. chord b. secant c. tangent d. radius

10. What is the standard equation of the circle with center (5,-6) and

tangent to the y-axis?

a.  x - 5  +  y + 6  = 36 c.  x - 5  +  y + 6  = 25
2 2 2 2

b.  x - 5  +  y - 6  = 36 d.  x + 5  +  y - 6  = 25
2 2 2 2

What’s In
Parts of Circles: Using the diagram below, give the name of each part of a
circle.

R a. Center: _______
V
b. Radius: _______
E
c. Diameter: ______
d. Chord: _______
e. Secant: _______
Z f. Tangent: _______
I

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Lesson 1. THE DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE

What’s New
Use the guide questions to solve the problem below.

A street is 125m long and needs to be cleaned.

The street cleaning vehicle has wheels with a diameter
of 1.5m.
1.5m
How many times does the wheel need to turn to
travel the length of the street?

Guide Questions:

1. What is the formula for circumference of a circle?

2. How to get the radius of a circle if the given is only diameter?

What is It
What you will learn here is all about the definition of a circle.

Circle
y

P  x, y  A circle is the set of all points in a plane that

are located a fixed distance from a fixed point
called its rcenter. A line segment joining the
center of a circle to one of its points is called the
C  h, k  radius of the circle. xIn grade 10 geometry, we
learned that tangent is a line to the curve that
just touches the curve at that point and secant
is a line intersects the curve at a minimum of
two distinct points.

Figure1
The term radius is both used to refer to a segment from the
center C to a point P on the circle, and the length of this segment. See
Figure 1, where the circle is drawn. It has center C  h, k  and radius r  0.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 A circle may also be considered a special kind of ellipse (for the special case
when the tilted plane is horizontal). As we get to know more about a circle,
we will also be able to distinguish
more between these two conics.
B  6,5
See Figurey 2, with the point C(3,1)
shown. From the figure, the
distance of B(6,5) from C is AC=5.
By the distance formula, the
A    2,1 distance of B(6,5) from C is

 6 - 3  +  5 -1
2 2
BC = = 5 . There
x
are other points P such that PC=5.
The collection of all such points
C   3,1 which are 5 units away from C,P
forms a circle. PC  5

Example 1: Given the center C(3,0), the distance of A(-

Figure 2
1,0) from C is AC=4, and B(7,1). Find the distance of BC
from C using the distance formula.

Solution: Since we have the center C(3,0) and B(7,1) the distance

 x 2 - x1  +  y 2 - y 1 
2 2
from C, we can use the distance formula d= .

 7 - 3  + 1- 0 
2 2
BC = = 17  4.12

What’s More

Find the distance between the given points using the distance
formula.

1. Given the center C(7,-1), the distance of A(1,-1) from C is AC=6,

and B(12,2). Find the distance of BC from C using the distance
formula.

2. Given the center C(-3,1), the distance of A(-8,1) from C is AC=5,

and B(1,5). Find the distance of BC from C using the distance
formula.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Have Learned
Write on the space provided the important things you have learned in this
module.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Can Do

The circle has an important role in particular class of curves which

oftentimes appear in nature and which has applications in other fields.
When the plane is horizontal in a cone, it form a circle. In everyday use, the
term circle may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of
the figure or to the whole figure including its interior, the circle is only the
boundary and the whole figure called a disc. The relationship can be
described by a circle just like in today’s time. We are experiencing Corona
Virus and for our safety we need to practice a frequent hand washing and 1
meter of social distancing.

Task: In a short bond paper, cite three examples and explain how these
examples relate a kind of relationship that can be shown through circle.

Criteria Excellent Satisfactory Fairly Needs

5 points 4 points Satisfactory Improvement
3 points 2 points
Completeness The student The student The student The student
presented 3 presented 2 presented 1 submitted an
correct correct correct incorrect
examples that examples that example that examples.
exhibit a exhibit a exhibit a
relationship relationship relationship
through a through a through a
circle. circle. circle.
Explanation The student The student The student The students
explain the 3 explain the 2 explain 1 failed to explain
examples examples example the examples.
correctly. correctly. correctly.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the set of all points in the plane that are located in a fixed
distance from a fixed point called center?

a. diameter b. radius c. circle d. circumference

2. What is the distance along the circumference of a part of a circle?

a. sector b. arc c. diameter d. segment

3. What line joins two points on the circumference of a circle but does

Not pass through the center?

a. chord b. radius c. diameter d. segment

4. Which of the following examples is an imaginary circle on the Earth that

has center of the Earth as its own center?

a. small circle c. parallel of latitude

b. transversal d. great circle

5. What is the line that joins two points on a circle and also passes through

the center of the circle?.

a. chord b. radius c. diameter d. segment

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Additional Activities
Reasoning and Proof:
C

Problem: Four tangents are A

drawn from O to two concentric O
L
circles. C,A,E, and B are the
points of tangency.
E

B
Task: Name as many pairs of
congruent triangles as possible and tell how you can show eac h pair
is congruent.

Hint: You can use triangle congruence theorems to prove relationship

among tangents and secants.

What’s In

Define the following terms.

a. Circle -
b. Radius -
c. Chord -
d. Secant -
e. Arc -
f. Sector -

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Lesson 2. THE STANDARD EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

What’s New
Three Circles y

A circle of radius 1 is centered at the

origin and a circle of radius 1/2 is
x
centered at (1/2, 0). A third circle is
positioned so that it is tangent to the
other two circles and the y-axis as
shown in the figure. Find the center
and radius of the third circle.

Guide Questions:

1. How to find the center of the circle?

2. How to get the radius of a circle?

Derivation:
y
Find the standard form of the equation of a circle P  x, y 
by using the distance formula. Use the illustration r
at your right.
C  h, k  x

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It

What you will learn here is all about the standard equation of a circle.

Equation of a Circle

 Standard Form:
Equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius a is given by

 x – h +  y – k  = r 2.
2 2

o If the center of the circle is at origin (0, 0), then the equation
2 2 2
of a circle is x + y = r .

 Completing the square:

Some quadratic expression can be factored as perfect squares. For
example, x 2 + 6 x + 9 =  x + 3  . However, even if an expression is not
2

perfect, we can turn it into one by adding a constant number. For

example, x 2 + 6 x + 5 is not perfect square, but if we add 4 we get
 x + 3
2
. This is the method of completing the square.

Example 1 Finding the center and radius of a circle.

Taking an equation and completing the square to find the center and
radius form.

Given: 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 - 16 x + 24 y - 36 = 0

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 4x 2 + 4y 2 - 16x + 24y - 36 0
Solution: =
4 4

x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 6y - 9 = 0
x 2 - 4x + y 2 + 6y = 9  grouping
x 2
- 4x + 4  +  y 2 + 6y + 9  = 9 + 4+ 9  factoring using completing
the squares
 x - 2 +  y + 3  = 22
2 2
 standard equation of
a circle
center :  2,- 3   
radius : 22

Example 2 Find the center and the radius of a circle given:

x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 8y - 5 = 0

Given: x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 8y - 5 = 0

Solution:
x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 8y - 5 = 0
x 2
  
- 4x + y 2 + 8y = 5  grouping

x 2
- 4x + 4  +  y + 8y +16  = 5 + 4 +16
2
 factoringusing
completing the squares
 x - 2 +  y + 4  = 25
2 2
 standard equation
of a circle
center :  2,-4  radius :5

Example 3 Find the center and the radius of a circle given:

x 2 + y 2 - 14x + 2y = -14

Given: x 2 + y 2 - 14x + 2y = -14

Solution: x 2 - 14x + y 2 + 2y = -14  grouping

x 2 - 14x + 49 + y 2 + 2y + 1 = -14 + 49 + 1  factoring using completing
the squares
 x - 7 +  y + 1 = 36
2 2

center :  7,-1 radius : 6

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Example 4 The point (3,4) lies on the circle whose center is at (-1,2).
Write the standard form of the equation of this circle.

Solution: The radius of the circle is the distance between (-1,2)

and (3,4).

 x - h +  y -k 
2 2
r=  Distance Formula

3 -  -1  +  4 - 2 
2 2
=  Substitute for x, y,h, and k

= 4 2 + 22  Simplify
= 16 + 4  Simplify
= 20  Radius

Using h,k  =  -1,2 and r = 20 ,

the equation of the circle is

 x -h  +  y -k  = r 2
2 2
 Equation of circle

 
2
 x -  -1  +  y - 2  =
2 2
20  Substitute for h,k, and r.

 x +1 +  y - 2  = 20
2 2
 Standard form

Example 5

A circular walkway is to be built around a monument, with the

monument as the center. The distance from the monument to any

point on the inner boundary of the walkway is 30 feet.

a. What is the equation of the inner boundary of the walkway? Use

a coordinate system with the monument at (0, 0).

b. If the walkway is 7 feet wide, what is the equation of the outer

boundary of the walkway?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 7 ft

Solution:
a. Substitute the given center(0,0) and the radius r=30 to the
standard

form of a circle:

x 2 + y 2 = 302  x 2 + y 2 = 900
 the inner boundary can be described by the equation x 2 + y 2 = 900.
b. Since the outer boundary has an additional 7 ft. of pathway, it
will

be added to the radius from (a). Substitute the given center (0,0)

and the radius r=37 to the standard form of a circle.

x 2 + y 2 = 372  x 2 + y 2 = 1369
the outer boundary can be described by the equation x 2 + y 2 = 1369.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What’s More
A. Find the standard form and the general form of the equation of
each circle.

1. Center (0, 0) and radius r = 4

Standard form:______________ General form: _______________

2. Center (0, 2) and radius r = 3

Standard form: General form:

B. Find the center and radius of the circle having the given equation.

1. x 2  y 2  1 6 2. x 2  y 2  2 3

Center: , r = Center: , r =

C. Find the equation, in standard form, of each circle.

1. y 2.
y
(0, 3)

(-5, 0) (-2, 0)
(0, 0)
x x

Standard form: Standard form:

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks. Supply the appropriate terms to complete the thought of
the statement.

A 1._________is the set of all points in a plane that are located a fixed
distance from a fixed point called its 2._________.

A line segment joining the center of a circle to one of its points is called
the 3. _________ of the circle.
The standard equation of a circle is 4. while its
general form is 5. .

What I Can Do

Performance Task: Situational Problem Involving Circles. Show your

solution(10pts).

A rock dropped in a pond

will produce ripples of water
made up of concentric
expanding circles. Suppose
the radii of the circles expand
at 3 inches per second. http : / / livingthedlife. plexaserver.com / wp  content / uploads / sites / 4 / 2016 / 02 / ripplesofwater 2. jp

a. Write an equation for the circle 10 seconds after the rock is

dropped in the pond. Assume that the point where the rock is dropped
is the origin.

b. One concentric circle has equation x 2 + y 2 = 225. How many

seconds after the rock is dropped does it take for the circle to have
this equation?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Rubrics:

Criteria Excellent Satisfactory Fairly Needs

5 points 4 points Satisfactory Improvement
3 points 2 points
Presentation The solution The solution The solution No solution
is neat and is organize is presented.
organize. but not neat. incomplete.
Answer The student The student The student The student
gave correct gave correct gave gave incorrect
answer with answer with incorrect answer
correct no label. answer with without label.
label. correct label.

Assessment

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Given the equation of a circle 16 x 2  16 y 2  96 x  40 y  315, What is center

and radius?
 2  5
a. center :  -4,  ,radius = 4.5 c. center :  -3,  ,radius = 5.5
 5  4
 2  3
b.center :  -5,  ,radius = 3.5 d. center :  -2,  ,radius = 6.5
 3  4

2. What is the standard equation of a circle with center (-5,-6) and

radius
7?
a. x 2 + y 2 + 6x +10y = -14 c. x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 8y = -10
b. x 2 + y 2 +10x +12y = -12 d. x 2 + y 2 + 7x + 6y = -15

3. Given the standard equation of a circle 4 x 2  4 y 2  25, what is the

radius?
1 1 3 5
a. b. c. d.
4 2 4 2
4. What is the standard equation of a circle with center at (5,6), through
(9,4)?
a.  x + 5  +  y - 6  = 10 c.  x - 5  +  y + 6  = 30
2 2 2 2

b.  x - 5  +  y - 6  = 20 d.  x + 5  +  y + 6  = 40
2 2 2 2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
5. Given the standard equation of a circle x 2  y 2  8, find the center and
radius.

a. center :  0,0  ,radius = 8 c. center : 0,0 ,radius = 2 2

b.center :  0,0  ,radius = 16 d. center : 0,0 ,radius = 4 2

Additional Activities
A. Find the standard form and general form of the equation of each
circle.
1. Center (1, 3) and radius r =
7
2

Standard form: General form:

2. Center (-3, 2) and radius r = 2 3

Standard form: General form:

B. Find the center and the radius of a circle having the given
equation.

1. x 2 +  y - 2  = 2 5  x +1
2 2
2. + y2 = 1 2

Center: , r = Center: , r=

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
C. Find the equation, in standard form, of each circle.
1. y
2.

(-2, 4) x

(4, -3)
(-1, 2)

(6, -4)
x

Standard form: Standard form:

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 SUMMATIVE TEST
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The distance across a circle through the center is called ________?

a. radius b. circumference c. diameter d. area

2. What is the center and radius of the circle whose equation is

 x - 2 +  y + 5  = 13 ?
2 2

a. center :  2,-5  ,radius = 13 c. center : -2,-5  ,radius = 13

b. center :  2,5  ,radius = 13 d. center :  2,-5  ,radius =- 13

3. What is the standard equation of the circle that has a diameter with

end points (-6,1) and (2,-5)?

a.  x +1 +  y - 5  = -25 c.  x - 2  +  y - 2  = -25

2 2 2 2

b.  x + 6  +  y + 5  = 25 d.  x + 2  +  y + 2  = 25
2 2 2 2

4. Given the center at (-3,5) and passes through the point (5,-1). What is

the equation of a circle?

a.  x - 3  +  y + 5  = -100 c.  x - 3  +  y - 5  = 100
2 2 2 2

b.  x + 3  +  y - 5  = 100 d.  x + 3  +  y - 5  = -100
2 2 2 2

5. What is the center and the radius of a circle whose equation is

x 2 + y 2 + 8y = 33?

a. center :  0,-4  ,radius =7 c. center :  4,0  ,radius =- 5

b. center :  0,0  ,radius = 33 d. center :  -4,0 ,radius =33

6. What is the standard equation of a circle with center (-2,3) and

tangent to the line y = 8?

a.  x + 3  +  y - 2  = 10 c.  x - 2  +  y + 7  = 12
2 2 2 2

b.  x - 4  +  y + 3  = 15 d.  x + 2  +  y - 3  = 25
2 2 2 2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 7. Which of the following is the center and the radius of the equation

 x -15  +  y + 20  = 81?
2 2

a. center :  0,0  ,radius =6 c. center : 15,-20 ,radius =9

b. center :  -8,4  ,radius =15 d. center : 12,-7 ,radius =12

8. Given the center at (-2,3) and tangent to the line x = -10. What is the

equation of a circle?

a.  x + 2  +  y - 3  = 64 c.  x - 2  +  y + 3  = 81
2 2 2 2

b.  x + 2  +  y + 3  = 25 d.  x - 2  +  y - 3  = 36
2 2 2 2

9. A segment whose endpoints lie on a circle is called a _______.

a. tangent b. chord c. diameter d. secant

10. What is the coordinates of a circle’s center and its radius given by

the equation  x - 2  +  y + 9  = 1?
2 2

a. center :  -2,9  ,radius =1 c. center : -2,-9  ,radius =-1

b. center :  2,-9  ,radius =-1 d. center :  2,-9  ,radius =1

11. What is the equation of a circle graphed below?

a.x 2 + y 2 = 4 c. x 2 + y 2 = 16
b.y 2 = x 2 +16 d. x 2 + y 2 = 1

12. A car tire has radius of 9 inches. How far does the car travels after 20

tire rotations?

a.1130.4 in. b. 1210.5 in. c. 985.25in. d. 1024.5in.

13. Given the equation of a circle  x  1   y  3  16, find the center and
2 2

the radius.

a. center : 1,3  ,radius = - 4 c. center :  -1,3 ,radius = 4

b. center :  -1,-3  ,radius = - 4 d. center : 1,-3 ,radius = 4

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
14. What is the equation of a circle with center (0,-4) and radius 7?

a.x 2 + y 2 + 6y = 22 c. x 2 + y 2 - 2y = 44
b.x 2 + y 2 + 8y = 33 d. x 2 + y 2 - 7y = 55

15. Given the center (3,1) and radius 5, what is the equation of a circle?

a.  x - 4  +  y +1 = 16 c.  x - 5  +  y + 3  = 36
2 2 2 2

b.  x + 2  +  y - 2  = 9 d.  x - 3  +  y -1 = 25
2 2 2 2

16. Given the diameter with endpoints (-3,2) and (7,4), what is the
equation?

a.  x - 2  +  y - 3  = 26 c.  x + 4  +  y - 5  = 11
2 2 2 2

b.  x + 3  +  y - 2  = 13 d.  x -1 +  y +1 = 33
2 2 2 2

17. What is the center and the radius of the equation

2 2
x + y - 5x + 4y = 46 ?

2  3 4  2
a. center :  ,-1 ,radius = c. center :  ,3  ,radius =
3  2 3  5
5  15 1  1
b. center :  ,-2  ,radius = d. center :  ,-3  ,radius =
2  2 2  2

18. What is the center and the radius of a circle given the equation

x 2 + y 2 -12x -10y = -12? ?

a. center :  -1,3  ,radius = 6 c. center : 5,4  ,radius =5

b. center :  -8,6  ,radius = 9 d. center : 6,5  ,radius = 7

19. Given the equation 2x 2 + 2y 2 +10x = 2y + 7, find the center and radius?

 5 1
a. center :  - ,  ,radius = 10 c. center :  2,6  ,radius = 22
 2 2
 1   4 
b. center :  - ,-1  ,radius = 5 d. center :  - ,5  ,radius = 7
 2   3 

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  7 14 
20. What is the equation of a circle whose center at  - ,-  with radius
 3 3 
2 5?

a. 8x 2 + 9y 2 - 48x - 80y - 50 = 0 c. 10x 2 + 8y 2 - 46x - 90y + 44 = 0

b. 9x 2 + 9y 2 + 42x + 84y + 65 = 0 d. 7x 2 + 7y 2 + 32x + 74y - 35 = 0

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 References

Ascano, Joy P. Precalculus Learner’s Material. Quezon City. Sunshine

Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. 2016.
Young, Cynthia Y. Precalculus E-books

Larson 8th Edition Precalculus E-books 2011

Hill, Mc Grew (Common Core Edition) Precalculus E-books 2014
Faires, Douglas J./ De Franza, James 5th Edition Precalculus E-books

Leithold, Louis. The Calculus 7. Singapore. Pearson Educatiuon Asia Pte.

Ltd. 2006.

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Farolito S. Arbiol, Jr (MSHS)

Editors: Analyn C. Santos (MSHS)
Lourdes B. Guyong (NHS)
Validator: Kervin Rey G. Torrente (ADMU)
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE